DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abbot IA, Dawson EY. 1978. How to Know The Seaweed. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill Adey WH, Towsend RA, Boykins WT. 1982. The Crustose Coralline Algae

(Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae) of The Hawaiian Island. Washington:

Smithsonian Institution.

Angka SL, Suhartono MT. 2000. Bioteknologi Hasil Laut. Bogor: PKSPL-IPB.

Anggadireja JT, Zatnika A, Purwoto H, Istini S. 2008. Rumput Laut: Budidaya, Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Komoditas Perikanan Potensial. Jakarta:

Penebar Swadaya.

Ariyanti NS, Djuita NR, Chikmawati T. 1998. Inventarisasi dan koleksi rumput laut di Pantai Pelabuhan Ratu [Laporan penelitian]. Bogor: Jurusan Biologi-IPB.

Atmadja WS, Subagdja W. 1995. Potensi rumput laut di perairan pantai Gili Air, Gili Meno dan Gili Trawangan Lombok NTB. Dalam Praseno DP, Atmadja WS, editor: Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan Potensi Kelautan. Jakarta:

Puslitbang Oseanologui LIPI. Hlm 31-41.

Atmadja WS. 1996. Pengenalan Jenis Ganggang Merah (Rhodophyta). Di dalam:

Atmaja WS, Kadi A, Sulistijo dan Sutari R, editor. Pengenalan Jenis Rumput Laut di Indonesia. Jakarta: Puslit Oseanologi-LIPI.

Atmadja WS. 1989. Pengenalan Organ Reproduksi Pada Tiga Jenis Alga Merah.

Penelitian Oseanologi Perairan Indonesia. Buku I. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi LIPI.

[Bappeda Jawa Barat] Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat. 2007. Atlas Wilayah Pesisir dan Laut Selatan Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Bandung: Bappeda Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Barsanti L, Gaultieri P. 2006. Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology.

London: Taylor & Francis.

Bawa IGAG, Putra AAB, Laila IR. 2007. Penentuan pH optimal isolasi karaginan dari rumput laut jenis Eucheuma cottonii. Jurnal Kimia (1): 15-20.

Bangmei X. 1985. Gracilaria from China: key, list, and distributoin of the species.

Di dalam. Abbot IA, Norris JN, editor. Taxonomy of Economic Seaweed With Refferences to Some Pacific and Caribbean Species. United States:

California Sea Grant College Program.

Bird K, Benson PH. 1987. Seaweed Cultivatioan for Renewable Resources.

Amsterdam: Elsevier

Bold HC, Wynne MJ. 1985. Introduction to Algae. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

Buriyo AS, Olivera EC, Mtolera MSP, Kivasi AK. 2004. Taxonomic challenges and distribution of gracilaroid algae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Tanzania. Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. 3(2): 135-141

Castro P, Hubner MCE. 2005. Marine Biology. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Chiang YM. 1985. Gracilaria from Taiwan: key, list, and distribution of the species. Di dalam: Abbot IA, Norris JN editor: Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds With Reference to Some Pacific and Carribean Species.

California: California Sea Grant College Program.

Craigie JS. 1995. Cell Walls. Di dalam: Cole KM, Sheath RG, editor: Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm 227-257.

Coomans RJ, Hommersand MH. 1995. Vegetative growth and organization. Di dalam: Cole KM, Sheath RG editor: Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. hlm 275-304.

Darley WM. 1982. Algal Biology: A physiological Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ.

Dawson EY. 1966. Marine Botany. Ney York, Chicago: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc.

De Smedt G, De Clerck O, Leliaert F, Copejans E, Liao LM. 2001. Morphology and systematic of the genus Halymenia C. Agardh (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) in the Philippine. Nova Hedwigia 73:293-322.

De Clerck et al. 2002. Twenty marine benthic algae new to South Africa, with emphasis on the flora of Kawazulu-Natal. Botanica Marina 45:423-437.

De Jong YSDM, Hitipeuw C, Reine WFP. 1999. A taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographic study of the genus Acanthophora (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Blumea 44: 217-249.

[DKP Banten] Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Banten. 2007. Rencana Pengelolaan Perikanan (RPP) Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan Provinsi Banten. Serang: Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Banten.

Graham LE, Wilcox LW. 2000. Algae. USA: Pretince Hall Inc.

Guiry MD. 1995. Sporangia and spores. Di dalam: Cole KM, Sheath RG, editor:

Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm : 347-376.

Hartami P. 2008. Analisis wilayah perairan teluk Pelabuhan Ratu untuk kawasan budidaya perikanan sistem keramba jaring apung [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Hatta AM, Reine WFPV. 1991. A taxonomic revision of Indonesian Gelidiales (Rhodophyta). Blumea 35: 347-380.

Hommersand MH, Fredericq S. 1995. Sexual reproduction and cystocarp development. Di dalam: Cole KM, Sheath RG, editor: Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm: 305-345.

Hollenberg J. 1968. An account of the species of the red algae Polysiphonia of the central and western tropical Facific ocean. II. Polysiphonia. Pacific sci.

XXII:198-207.

Iyer R, De Clerck O, Bolton JJ, Coyne VE. 2004. Morphological and taxonomic studies of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis species (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 70(4):521-539

Jaasund E. 1976. Intertidal Seaweed in Tanzania. University of Tromso. Tromso:

Norway.

Jha B, Reddy CRK, Mukund CT, Rao MU. 2009. Seaweed of India: The Diversity and Distribution of Seaweed of The Gujarat Coast. London: Springer.

Kadi A, Atmadja WS. 1988. Rumput Laut (Alga): Jenis, Reproduksi, Produksi, Budidaya, dan Pascapanen. Jakarta: Puslitbang Oseanologi LIPI.

Kain JM, Norton TA. 1995. Marine ecology. Di dalam: Cole KM, Sheath RG, editor: Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

hlm : 377-422

Kawaguchi S, Shimida S, Abe T, Terada R. 2006. Morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies of a red alga, Halymenia durvillei (Halymeniaceae) from Indo Pacific. Coast Marine Science 30 (1): 201-208.

Kim MS, Yang BC, Boo SM. 2006. Taxonomy and phylogeny of flattened species of Gracilaria (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from Korea based on morphology and protein-coding plastid rbcL and psbA sequences.

Phycologia 45(5):520-528

Lee AC, Liao LM, Tan KS. 2009. New record of marine algae on artificial structure and intertidal flat in coast waters of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supl 22:5-40

Lee RE. 1989. Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lee NH, Nguyen HD. 2006. Contribution on the study of Gracilaria and relative genera (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Vietnam. Coastal Marine Science 30 (1): 214-221

Loban CS. Harrison PJ. 1997. Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Luning K. 1990. Seaweeds: Their Environment, Biogeography, and Ecophysiology. New York: Jhon Wiley and Sons Inc.

Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. London: Croom Helm

Nontji A. 2007. Laut Nusantara. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.

Oliveira EC, Saito RM, Neto JFS. 1996. Temporal and spatial variation in agar from a population of Pterocladia capilacea from Brazil. Hydrobiologia 327:

501-504.

Prasetyani R. 2001. Kajian pengembangan perikanan di pesisir barat Pangandaran kabupaten Ciamis- Jawa Barat [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Prathep A. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in diversity and percentage cover of macroalgae at Sirinate Marine Natonal Park, Phuket, Thailand.

ScienceAsia 31: 225-233.

Rasyid A. 1996. Studi tentang pendugaan ikan pelagis di selat Sunda bagian utara dengan menggunakan sistem akustik BIM ganda dan analisa oseanografis [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Rasyid A. 2003. Beberapa catatan tentang karaginan. Oseania XXVII (4):1-6.

Rasyid A. 2004. Beberapa catatan tentang agar. Oseania XXIX (2):1-7.

Reine WFP, Trono GC. 2002. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Bibliography 15: Cryptogams: Algae, Bagian ke-1 [bibliografi]. Bogor: Prosea Foundation.

Reyes AY. 1978. The litoral benthic algae of Siquijor Povince II. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. The Philippine Journal of Science107: 117-173

Romimohtarto K, Juwana S. 2001. Biologi Laut: Ilmu Pengetahuan Tentang Biota Laut. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.

Roleda MY, Ganzon-Fortes T, Montano NE. 1997. Agar from vegetatif and tetrasporic Gelidiella acerosa. Botanica Marina 40:501-506.

Rugayah, Retnowati A, Windardi FI, Hidayat A. 2004. Pengumpulan Data Taksonomi. Di dalam Rugayah, E Widjaja dan Praptiwi, editor. Pedoman Pengumpulan Data Keragaman Flora. Cibinong: Pusat Penelitian Biologi - LIPI.

Saito Y. 1969. The Algal Genus Laurencia from the Hawaiian island, the Philippine island and adjacent area. Pacific science XXII: 148-160.

Santelices B. 1977. Taxonomic revision of Hawaiian Gelidiales (Rhodophyta).

Pacific Science 3:61-81.

Santelices B, Stewart JG. 1985. Pacific species of Gelidium Lamouroux and other Gelidiales (Rhodophyta), with keys and description to the common or economically important species. Di dalam. Abbot IA, Norris JN, editor.

Taxonomy of Economic Seaweed With References to Some Pacific and Caribbean Species.United States: California Sea Grant College Program.

Smith CM. 1992. Diversity in intertidal habitat: An assesment of the marine algae of select high island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Pacific science 46:466-479.

Soreano EM, Bourret E. 2003. Effect of season on the yield and quality of agar fron Gracilaria sp. (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Bioresources Tech. (9):

329-333

Soedjiarti T, Albuntana A. 2010. Biodiversity of macroalgae in coastal of Sayangheulang, Pameungpeuk, Garut distric, West Java Province. Di dalam:

Prabowo RE, Ardli ER, Sastranegara, MH, editor. Biodiversitas dan Bioteknologi Sumberdaya Akuatik. Prosiding Seminar Nasional; Purwokerto 26 Nov 2010. Purwokerto: Fakultas Biologi Unsoed. hlm 109-115.

Soegiarto A, Sulistijo, Atmadja WS, Mubarak H. 1978. Rumput Laut (Algae):

Manfaat, Potensi, dan Usaha Budidaya. Jakarta: Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional-LIPI.

Sulistijo. 1996. Perkembangan Budidaya Rumput Laut di Indonesia. Di dalan:

Atmadja WS, Kadi A, Sulistijo, Satari R, editor. Pengenalan Jenis Rumput Laut di Indonesia. Jakarta: Puslitbang Oseanologi- LIPI.

Sze P. 1993. A Biologgy of the Algae. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C. Brown Publisher Taylor WR. 1979. Marine Algae of The Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coast of

The Americas. United State of America: The University of Michigan.

Taylor WMR. 1967. The Marine Algae of Florida. Washington: The Carnegie Institution.

Tjitrosoepomo G. 1994. Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Trono GC, Ganzon-Fortes ET. 1988. Philippine Seaweeds. Manila: National Book Store Inc.

Trono CT, Ganzon-Fortes ET . 1980. An Ilustated Seaweed Flora of Batangas Philippnies. Manila: Bautista Press & Co.

Verheij E, Reine PV. 1993. Seaweeds of the Spermonde Archipelago SW Sulawesi Indonesia. Blumea (37): 385-510

Wei TL, Chin WY. 1983. Seaweeds of Singapora. Singapora: Singapore University Press.

Zaneveld JS. 1958. The Utilization of marine algae in tropical South and East Asia. Economic Botany 13:89-125 .

Lampiran 1 Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne dan Ceramium cingulatum Weber van Bosse

Keterangan : a-c C. clavulatum a. habitus, b. tetrasporangia tetrahedral (tanda panah), c. trikoblast (tanda panah). d-e C. cingulatum d. habitus e. tetrasporangia cruciate (tanda panah).

a

b

c

e d

30 µm

30 µm

50 µm 250 µm

Lampiran 2. Ceramium bissoydeum Harvey dan Ceramium mansonii Dawson

A P

b

b e

d

a c

b

f

63 µm

100 µm

50 µm 50 µm

50 µm

100 µm

A P P A

Keterangan: a-c C. byssoideum a. habitus, b. tetrasporangia (tanda panah), c. talus dengan sel perisentral (P) dan sel aksial (A). d-f C. mansonii (d. habitus, e. tetrasporangia (tanda panah), f. talus dengan sel perisentral (P) dan sel aksial (A).

Lampiran 3 Ceramium sp.

a

b

c

P

A

100 µm

50 µm

100 µm

b

Keterangan: a. habitus b. sistokarp (tanda panah) c. talus dengan sel perisentral (P) dan filamen aksial (A)

Keterangan: a-b S. filamentosa a. habitus, b. cabang dengan branchlet. c-e W. pennicilata c. tetrasporangia tetrahedral, d. habitus, e. cabang dengan tetrasporangia

a

d e

b

c

1 mm

35 µm

1 mm

Lampiran 4 Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey dan Wrangelia penicilata C.

Agardh

Lampiran 5 Champia parvula (Ag.) Harvey

a

^{3 mm}

b

100 µm

Keterangan: a. habitus, b. sayatan melintang talus dengan terasporangia (tanda panah), c. sel-sel pada sekat antar segmen, d. segmen talus dengan terasporangia pada korteks (tanda panah).

d

c

Lampiran 6 Amphiroa anceps (Lamarack) Decaisne dan Amphiroa fragillisima

(L.) Lamouroux

a

b

c

e

ko

Keterangan: a-c A. anceps a. habitus, b. bagian talus dengan konseptakel (ko) dan genicula (ge), c. tetrasporangia zonate. d-f A.

fragillisima d. habitus, e. tetrasporangia zonate f. bagian talus dengan konseptakel (ko).

50 µm

20 µm

d f

ko

ge

1 mm

Lampiran 7 Cheilosporum acutilobum (Dcn) Piccone dan Cheilosporum

sagittatum (Lamourooux) Areschoug.

ce e

d

^{1 mm}

Keterangan: a-c C. acutilobum a. habitus b. cabang dengan konseptakel c. tetrasporangia zonate d-f C. sagittatum d. konseptakel (tanda panah) e. habitus, b. cabang dengan segmen bentuk segitiga.

2 mm 0.5 mm

30 µm

c

b a

f

Lampiran 8 Jania capilacea Harvey, Jania rubens (L.) Lamouroux dan Jania ungulata (Yendo) Dawson

a b

Keterangan: a. J. capilacea, b-c. J. rubens dengan konseptakel (tanda panah), d. J. ungulata,

0,5 mm

c

1 mm

b

0,5 mm

d

Lampiran 9 Tricleocarpa fragilis (L.) Huinsman & RA. Townsend

Keterangan: a. habitus, b. karposporangia, c. sistokarp (tanda panah)

a

180 µm

b c

25 ^µm

Lampiran 10 Gelidiopsis variabilis (Grev.) Scmidtz dan Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann & Hammel

b

d

e

40 µm

400 µm

Keterangan: a-b G. variabilis a. habitus, b. stichidia. c-e G. acerosa c. habitus d. tetrasporangia cruciate (tanda panah) e. cabang dengan sticihidia (tanda panah).

c

a b

^{0,5 mm}

c

Lampiran 11 Gelidium pusilum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis dan Gelidium spinosum SG.

Gmelin & PC. Silva

d

c

e

a b

1 mm 25 µm

1 mm st

Keterangan: a-b G. pusilum a. rumpun talus, b. individu talus dengan stolon (st). c-e G. spinosum c. habitus d. tetrasporangia cruciate (tanda panah) e. cabang dengan stichidia (tanda panah).

Lampiran 12 Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal) Boergesen dan Gracilaria

coronopifolia J. Agardh

,

c

a

b

d

e g

f h

g

2 mm ^{100 µm}

20 µm

1 cm

250 µm 200 µm

12 µm

Keterangan: a-d G. debilis a. habitus, b.cabang dengan sistokarp, c.sayatan longitudinal sistokarp, d. tetrasporangia. e-g G. coronopifolia e. habitus, f. sayatan longitudinal sistokarp, g. tetraspoangia cruciate, h. sayatan transversal talus

Lampiran 13 Gracilaria corticata J. Agardh dan Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) Boergesen

d

e

f

g

h

40 µm

250 µm 3 mm

60 µm

Keterangan: a-c G. corticata a. talus b. sayatan longitudinal sistokarp c. cabang dengan sistokarp). d-h G. foliifera d. habitus e. karposporangia f. sayatan longitudinal sistokarp g. sayatan melintang talus h. cabang dengan sistokarp.

a c

25 µm

b

Lampiran 14 Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson dan Gracilaria textorii (Suringar) De Toni

a f

Keterangan : a-c G. salicornia a. habitus, b. tetrasporangia cruciate, c. cabang dengan sorus spermatangia. d-g G. salicornia d. habitus, e. sayatan membujur sistokarp, f. sayatan melintang talus, g. tetrasporangia cruciate

c

5 mm

b

^{100 µm}

10 µm

g

100 µm 200 µm

f

g

d

e

Gambar 15 Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss

c

b

a

200 µm

60 µm

Keterangan: Gracilaria verrucosa a. habitus b. sayatan longitudinal sistokarp, c. karposporangia

Lampiran 16 Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh dan Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint Vincent

b

d

f

e c

40 µm

100 µm

40 µm

b

100 µm

Keterangan: a-c G. filicina a. habitus b. tetrasporangia (tanda panah, c. sayatan transversal talus dengan sistokarp (tanda panah). d-f H. durvillei d. habitus, e. sayatan transversal talus dengan sistokarp (tanda panah), f. sel ganglionik

f

50 µm

a

Lampiran 17 Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh

Keterangan : habitus

Lampiran 18 Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh dan Hypnea cornuta (Lamouroux) J. Agardh

a a

d a

b

c

e

f

g

250 µm

25 µm

15 µm

1 mm

Keterangan: a-d H. cervicornis a. habitus b. sayatan melintang talus c. stichidia d. tetrasporangia zonate. e-g. H. cornuta e. habitus, f. cabang dengan branchlet, g. tetrasporangia zonate

500 µm

Lampiran 19 Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh dan Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen)

Lamouroux

Keterangan: a-c H. musciformis a. habitus, b. cabang dengan stichidia, c. tetrasporangia zonate. d-f H. pannosa d. habitus, e. tetrasporangia zonate, f. stichidia (tanda panah).

c

50 µm

a

^{1 mm}

b

d

e

f

^{2 mm}

25 µm

Lampiran 20 Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kutzing dan Hypnea valentiaea (Turner) Montagne

a b

a

c b

c

d f

e

35 µm

0,5 mm

25 µm

100 µm

Kerangan: a-c H. spinella a. habitus, b.tetrasporangia, c. cabang dengan stichidia. d-f H. valentiae d. habitus, e. tetrasporangia, f.

stichidia.

Lampiran 21 Peyssonnelia obscura

 

Keterangan: habitus (tanda panah)

Lampiran 22 Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Boergesen dan Chondria armata (Kutzing) Okamura

c e

b

a c

d

h b

2 cm

0,5 mm 1 mm

100 µm

1 mm 50 µm

Keterangan: a-e A. spicifera a. habitus, b. sistokarp, c. karposporangia, d. stichidia, e tetrasporangia tetrahedral. f-h C. armata f. habitus, g. sayatan melintang talus, h. branchlet.

45 µm

g

f