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KELAMIN PADA AVES

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Archawaranon, M. 2004. Rapid sexing hill mynah Gracula religiosa by sex chromosomes. Biotechnology 3: 160-164.

Barroso, A., S. Dunner & J. Canon. 1999. Technical note: use of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis for detection of bovine beta-casein variants A1, A2, A3 and B. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 2629-2632.

Bastos, E., A. Crvador, J. Azevedo & H. G. Pinto. 2001. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) detection in six genes in Potuguese indigenous sheep breed “Churra da Terra Quente”. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 5: 7-15. Bello, N., O. Francino & A. Sanchez. 2001. Isolation of genomic DNA from

feathers. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 13: 162-164.

Blakely, J. & D. H. Bade. 1994. Ilmu Peternakan. Edisi IV. Terjemahan: Bambang Srigandono. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Brahmantiyo, B., L. H. Prasetyo, A. R. Setioko, & R. H. Mulyono. 2003. Pendugaan jarak genetik dan faktor peubah pembeda galur itik (alabio, bali, khaki campbell, mojosari dan pegagan) melalui analisis morfometrik. JITV. 8: 1-7. Bramwell, R. K.2003. Sexing chicks in the backyard flock. Avian Advice 5: 4-5. Campbell, B. & E. Lack. 1985. A Dictionary of Birds. Buteo Books, Vermillion. Candrawati, V. Y. 2007. Studi ukuran dan bentuk tubuk ayam kampung, ayam sentul

dan ayam wareng tangerang melalui analisis komponen utama. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Cerit, H. & K. Avanus. 2007a. Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 63: 91-99.

Cerit, H. & K. Avanus. 2007b. Sex determination by CHDW and CHDZ genes of avian sex chromosomes in Nymphicus hollandicus. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 31: 371-374.

Darwati, S., H. Martojo, C. Sumantri, D. T. H. Sihombing & A. Mardiastuti. 2010. Productivity, repeatibilty of productive and reproductive traits of local pigeon. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 34: 268-274.

Donham, R. S. & E. Haase. 1980. Hormones and Domestication. Avian Endocrinology. Ed.: A. Epple, M. H. Stetson. Academic Press, New York. Dubiec, A. & M. Zagalska-Neubauer. 2006. Molecular techniques for sex

identification in birds. Biological Lett. 43: 3-12.

Elbrecht, A. & R. G. Smith. Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens. Science 255: 467-470.

32 Ellegren, H. 1996. First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for

universal sexing of non-ratite birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 263: 1635-1641. Fatchiyah. 2006. Gel Elektroforesis. Laboratorium Sentral Biologi Molekuler &

Seluler. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.

Fimbel, R. A., E. L. Bennett, R. Z. Donovan, P. C. Frumhoff, A. Grajal, R. E. Gullison, D. J. Mason, F. E. Putz, J. G. Robinson, & D. I. Rumiz. 1998. The Potential for Sustainable Forest Management to Conserve Wildlife Within Tropical Forest Landscapes. Issues and Policy Paper no. 4., Bronx, New York. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, USA.

Fridolfsson, A. K. & H. Ellegren. 1999. A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. J. Avi. Bio. 30: 116-121.

Griffiths, R. & B. Tiwari. 1995. Sex of the last wild spik’s macaw. Nature 375: 454. Griffiths, R., S. Daan & C. Dijkstra. 1996. Sex identification in birds using two CHD

genes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 263: 1251-1256.

Griffiths, R. & R. Korn. 1997. A CHD1 gene is Z chromosome linked in the chicken Gallus domesticus. Gene.197: 225-229.

Griffiths, R., M. C. Double, K. Orr & R. J. G. Dawson. 1998. A DNA test to sex most birds. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1071-1075.

Harrap, B. S. & E. F. Woods. 1964. Soluble derivatives of feather keratin. J. Biochem 92: 8-18.

Harrison, J. 2005. A Comprehensive Pet Owner’s Guide. Geostar Communications LLC.

Hickman, Jr. C. P., L. S. Roberts & F. M. Hickman. 1984. Integrated Principles of Zoology Sevent Edition. Toronto: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing. Jensen, T., F. M. Pernasetti & B. Durrant. 2003. Conditions for rapid sex

determination in 47 avian species by PCR of genomic DNA from blood, shell-membrane blood vessels and feathers. Zoo Biology 22: 561 571.

Kahn, N. W., J. John & T. Quinn. 1998. Chromosome-specific intron size differences in the Avian CHD gene provide an efficient method for sex identification in birds. The Auk.115: 1074 -1078.

Kasiyati. 2009. Umur masak kelamin dan kadar estrogen puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) setelah pemberian cahaya monokromatik. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Klug, W. S. & M. R. Cummings. 1994. Concept of Genetics. 4th ed. Prentice Hall: Englewood cliffs.

Mincheva, N., M. Lalev, M. Oblakova, P. hristakieva & I. Ivanova. 2012. Investigation on the frequency of alleles at the k locus and their effect on the growth of two lines of Plymouth Rock Chickens. Archiva Zootechnica 15: 69-75.

Minvielle, F. 2004. The future of Japanese quail for research and production. World’s Poult. Sci. J.60: 500–507.

33 Morinha, F., M. Carvalho, A. Ferro, H. Guedes-Pinto, R. Rodrigues & E. Bastos. 2011. Molecular sexing and analysis of CHD1-Z and CHD1-W sequence variations in wild common quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) and domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). J. Genet. 90: 39-43.

Muladno. 2002. Seputar Teknologi Rekayasa Genetika. Pustaka Wirausaha Muda dan USESE Foundation. Bogor.

Nataraj, A. J., I. O. Glander, N. Kusukawa & Jr. W. E. Highsmith. 1999. Single- strand conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis for gel-based mutation detection. Electrophoresis 20: 1177-1185.

Nicholas, F. W. 2004. Pengantar ke Genetika Veteriner. Terjemahan: Muladno. Pustaka Wirausaha Muda, Bogor.

Orita, M., H. Iwanaha, H. Kanazawa, K. Hayashi & T. Sekiya. 1989. Detect polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-conformation polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86: 2766-2770.

Sambrook, J., F. Fritsch, & T. Miniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning Laboratory Manual. 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.

Sambrook, J. & Russel. 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Ed ke-3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, United States of America.

Sartika, T. 2000. Studi Keragaman fenotipik dan genetik ayam kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) pada populasi dasar seleksi. Tesis. Fakultas Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Sartika, T. & S. Iskandar. 2007. Mengenal Plasma Nutfah Ayam Indonesia dan Pemanfaatannya. Buku. Edisi Pertama. Balai Penelitian Ternak, Bogor.

Schill, R. O. 2007. Comparison of different protocols for DNA preparation and PCR amplification of mitochondrial genes of tardigrades. J. Limnol 66: 164-170. Shepherd, C. R. 2006. The bird trade in Medan, north Sumatra: an overview. Birding

ASIA 5: 16-24.

Soehartono, T. & A. Mardiastuti. 2002. CITES Implementation in Indonesia. Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Jakarta.

Srigandoro, B. 1997. Produksi Unggas Air. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Sulandari, S. & M. S. A Zein. 2003. Panduan Praktis Laboratorium DNA. Bidang Zoologi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI.

Sulandari, S.& M. S. A. Zein. 2009. Analisis D-loop DNA mitokondria untuk memposisikan ayam hutan merah dalam domestikasi ayam di Indonesia. Med. Pet. 32: 31-39.

Suparyanto, A. 2003. Karakteristik itik mojosari putih dan peluang pengembangannya sebagai itik pedaging komersial. Wartazoa. 13: 143-151. Swengel, S. R. 1996. Special Techniques Sex determination In: Cranes: Their

34 M. Eds., National Biological Service/International Crane Foundation: United States of America.

Taberlet, P., S. Griffin, B. Goossens, S. Questiau, V. Manceau, N. Escaravage, L. P. Waits, & J. Bouvet. 1996. Reliable genotyping of samples with very low DNA quantities using PCR. Nuc. Acids. Res. 24: 3189-3194.

Viljoen, G. J., L. H. Nel, & J. R. Crowther. 2005. Molecular Diagnostic PCR Handbook. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherland.

Vischer, P., R. Pong-Wong, C. Whittemore & C. Haley. 2000. Impact of biotechnology on (cross) breeding programmes in pigs. Lives. Prod. Sci 65: 57-60.

35

36 Lampiran 1. Sekuen Gen CHD-Z pada Ayam (Gallus Gallus)

LOCUS AF006659 345 bp DNA linear VRT 22-NOV- 2004

DEFINITION Gallus gallus CHD-Z (CHD-Z) gene, partial cds. ACCESSION AF006659

VERSION AF006659.1 GI:3811116 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Gallus gallus (chicken) ORGANISM Gallus gallus

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 345)

AUTHORS Griffiths,R., Double,M.C., Orr,K. and Dawson,R.J. TITLE A DNA test to sex most birds

JOURNAL Mol. Ecol. 7 (8), 1071-1075 (1998) PUBMED 9711866

REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 345)

AUTHORS Griffiths,R., Double,M., Kate,O. and Dawson,W. TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (02-JUN-1997) Zoology, Molecular Lab, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..345 /organism="Gallus gallus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /db_xref="taxon:9031" /chromosome="Z" gene <1..>345 /gene="CHD-Z" CDS join(<1..30,194..>345) /gene="CHD-Z" /codon_start=1 /product="CHD-Z" /protein_id="AAC69441.1" /db_xref="GI:3811117" /translation="LPRMRNCAKQISFNGSEGRRSRSRRYSGSDSDSITERKRPKKRG RPRTIPRENIKGFSDA" ORIGIN

1 ctcccgagga tgagaaactg tgcaaaacag gtacctctgg gttttgactg tcttgcgtct 61 ttatgttgat attttcattt gagtttttgc cttttttccc ccttctctga attcatattt 121 ttgtcaggct agataagact ttactatgtt tgagataatc atgtggtttt gaattctcat 181 gctgaaattc cagatcagct ttaatgggag tgaaggaaga cgcagtagga gcagaagata 241 ttctggatct gatagtgact ccatcacaga aagaaaacgg ccaaaaaagc gtggaagacc 301 tcgaaccatt cctcgagaaa atattaaagg atttagtgat gcaga

37 Lampiran 2. Sekuen Gen CHD-W pada Ayam (Gallus Gallus)

LOCUS AF006660 362 bp DNA linear VRT 29-NOV- 2006

DEFINITION Gallus gallus CHD-W (CHD-W) gene, intron 21 and partial cds. ACCESSION AF006660 AY628508

VERSION AF006660.1 GI:3811118 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Gallus gallus (chicken) ORGANISM Gallus gallus

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 362)

AUTHORS Griffiths,R., Double,M.C., Orr,K. and Dawson,R.J. TITLE A DNA test to sex most birds

JOURNAL Mol. Ecol. 7 (8), 1071-1075 (1998) PUBMED 9711866

REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 362)

AUTHORS Griffiths,R., Double,M., Orr,K. and Dawson,W. TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (02-JUN-1997) Zoology, Molecular Lab, Glasgow University,

Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

COMMENT On Nov 29, 2006 this sequence version replaced gi:51950893. FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..362 /organism="Gallus gallus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /db_xref="taxon:9031" /chromosome="W" gene <1..>362 /gene="CHD-W" CDS join(<1..30,211..>362) /gene="CHD-W" /codon_start=1 /product="CHD-W" /protein_id="AAC69442.1" /db_xref="GI:3811119" /translation="LPRMRNCAKQISFNGNEGRCSRSRRYSGSDSDSISERKRPKKRG RPRTIPRENIKGFSDA" intron 31..210 /gene="CHD-W" /number=21 ORIGIN

1 cttccaagaa tgagaaactg tgcaaaacag gtatctctgg gttctgactg atttttttct 61 ttgatacttc tattgctgat gttttgactt gtacttttgt gttgtgtggt tttcgtgtgt 121 ttttccccca aaatattttt atggactagg taacacataa ataaaatgtt ttagtcatgt 181 agctttgaac tagttactct gaaattccag atcagcttta atggaaatga agggagatgc 241 agtaggagca gaagatattc tggatctgat agtgattcca tctcagaaag aaaacgacca 301 aaaaaacgtg gacgaccacg aactattccc cgtgaaaaca ttaaaggatt tagtgatgca 361 ga

38 Lampiran 3. Sekuen Gen CHD-Z pada Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

LOCUS HQ175997 385 bp DNA linear VRT 09-FEB- 2011

DEFINITION Coturnix japonica chromosome Z chromo-helicase DNA-binding protein

(CHD1) gene, partial sequence. ACCESSION HQ175997

VERSION HQ175997.1 GI:322227556 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) ORGANISM Coturnix japonica

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Perdicinae;

Coturnix.

REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 385)

AUTHORS Morinha,F., Carvalho,M., Ferro,A., Guedes-Pinto,H., Rodrigues,R. and Bastos,E.

TITLE Molecular sexing of wild common quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) and domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

JOURNAL Unpublished

REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 385)

AUTHORS Morinha,F., Carvalho,M., Ferro,A., Guedes-Pinto,H., Rodrigues,R. and Bastos,E.

TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (23-AUG-2010) Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal

FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..385 /organism="Coturnix japonica" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /db_xref="taxon:93934" /chromosome="Z" /PCR_primers="fwd_name: P8, fwd_seq: ctcccaaggatgagraaytg,

rev_name: P2, rev_seq: tctgcatcgctaaatccttt" gene <1..>385

/gene="CHD1"

/note="chromo-helicase DNA-binding protein; coding region

not determined" ORIGIN

1 ctcccaagga tgaggaactg tgcaaaacag gtacctctgg gttttgactg tattgtgttt 61 ttattttgat attttgattt tggtttttgc cttcgtgttt tgttttgttt tgttttttgt 121 ttgttttttg gtttttttct ccttctctga attcatattt ttgtcaggct agataagact 181 ttactgtgtg tgagtaaatc atgtagtttt gaattcttat tctgaaattc cagatcagct 241 ttaatggaag tgaaggaaga cgtagtagga gcagaagata ttccggatct gatagtgact 301 ccatcacaga aagaaaacgg ccaaaaaagc gtgggagacc tcgaactatt cctcgagaaa 361 atattaaagg atttagcgat gcaga

39 Lampiran 4. Sekuen Gen CHD-W pada Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

LOCUS HQ175998 379 bp DNA linear VRT 09-FEB- 2011

DEFINITION Coturnix japonica chromosome W chromo-helicase DNA-binding protein

(CHD1) gene, partial sequence. ACCESSION HQ175998

VERSION HQ175998.1 GI:322227557 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) ORGANISM Coturnix japonica

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Perdicinae;

Coturnix.

REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 379)

AUTHORS Morinha,F., Carvalho,M., Ferro,A., Guedes-Pinto,H., Rodrigues,R. and Bastos,E.

TITLE Molecular sexing of wild common quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) and domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

JOURNAL Unpublished

REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 379)

AUTHORS Morinha,F., Carvalho,M., Ferro,A., Guedes-Pinto,H., Rodrigues,R. and Bastos,E.

TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (23-AUG-2010) Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal

FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..379 /organism="Coturnix japonica" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /db_xref="taxon:93934" /chromosome="W" /PCR_primers="fwd_name: P8, fwd_seq: ctcccaaggatgagraaytg,

rev_name: P2, rev_seq: tctgcatcgctaaatccttt" gene <1..>379

/gene="CHD1"

/note="chromo-helicase DNA-binding protein; coding region

not determined" ORIGIN

1 ctcccaagga tgaggaactg tgcaaaacag gtatcgttgg gttttgactg attttttttc 61 tttgatactt ccattgctga tgttttggct tgtacttttg tgttgcgtgg ttttcatctg 121 ttttcccccc caaatatttt taatggacaa cattaaaaca cgtgacttaa acaacacata 181 agttgtttta gtcacgtagc tttgaactag ttactctgaa cttccagatc agctttaatg 241 gaaaggaagg gagatgcagt aggatcagaa gatattctga atctgatagt gattccatct 301 cagaaagaaa acgaccaaaa aaacgtggac gaccacgaac tattccccgt gaaaacatta 361 aaggatttag cgatgcaga

40 Lampiran 5. Sekuen Gen CHD-Z pada Merpati (Columba livia)

LOCUS GU289184 370 bp DNA linear VRT 31-JUL- 2011

DEFINITION Columba livia CHD-Z (CHD-Z) gene, partial cds. ACCESSION GU289184

VERSION GU289184.1 GI:281359327 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Columba livia (Rock pigeon) ORGANISM Columba livia

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Columbiformes; Columbidae; Columba.

REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 370)

AUTHORS Su,Y.-F., Cheng,C.-C., Chou,Y.C., Yao,C.-T., Chou,T.-C. and Chang,H.-W.

TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (04-DEC-2009) Dept. of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih- Chuan

1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..370 /organism="Columba livia" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="Bd92" /db_xref="taxon:8932" /sex="male" /dev_stage="adult" /country="Taiwan" /collected_by="C.-T. Yao" gene <1..>370 /gene="CHD-Z" mRNA join(<1..30,219..>370) /gene="CHD-Z" /product="CHD-Z" CDS join(<1..30,219..>370) /gene="CHD-Z" /codon_start=1 /product="CHD-Z" /protein_id="ADA63486.1" /db_xref="GI:281359328" /translation="LPRMRNCAKQISFNGSEGRRSRSRRYSGSDSDSISERKRPKKRG RPRTIPRENIKGFSDA" ORIGIN

1 ctcccaagga tgaggaactg tgcaaaacag gtgtgtcttg gttctgattg acttgtgctt 61 ttgtgttgct gttggtttag tttgttgggg attgttgttg ggttttgttt ttttagggtt 121 ttttccgttt tctgaacacg tatttttgac aggttaggca aaacttgacc tgtgtttgtc 181 aatcgcatag ctttgaacta cttattctga aattccagat cagctttaat ggaagtgaag 241 gaaggcgcag taggagcaga agatactctg gatctgatag tgactccata tcagaaagaa 301 aacggccaaa aaaacgtgga agaccacgaa ccattcctcg agaaaatatt aaaggattta 361 gcgatgcaga

41 Lampiran 6. Sekuen Gen CHD-W pada Merpati (Columba livia)

LOCUS GU289183 350 bp DNA linear VRT 31-JUL- 2011

DEFINITION Columba livia CHD-W (CHD-W) gene, partial cds. ACCESSION GU289183

VERSION GU289183.1 GI:281359325 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Columba livia (Rock pigeon) ORGANISM Columba livia

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Columbiformes; Columbidae; Columba.

REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 350)

AUTHORS Su,Y.-F., Chou,Y.C., Yao,C.-T., Chou,T.-C., Cheng,C.-C. and Chang,H.-W.

TITLE Direct Submission

JOURNAL Submitted (04-DEC-2009) Dept. of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih- Chuan

1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..350 /organism="Columba livia" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="Bd90" /db_xref="taxon:8932" /sex="female" /dev_stage="adult" /country="Taiwan" /collected_by="C.-T. Yao" gene <1..>350 /gene="CHD-W" mRNA join(<1..30,199..>350) /gene="CHD-W" /product="CHD-W" CDS join(<1..30,199..>350) /gene="CHD-W" /codon_start=1 /product="CHD-W" /protein_id="ADA63485.1" /db_xref="GI:281359326" /translation="LPRMRNCAKQISFNGSEGKCSRSRRYSGSDSDSMSERKRPKKRG RPRTIPRENIKGFSDA" ORIGIN

1 ctcccaagga tgaggaactg tgcaaaacag gtatctctgg gttttgacca actaacttct 61 tgttgttgtg tttctttgtt ttttcattac tgttgttttt ggcttgtact tttcaccccc 121 catttttgac aggctagata gcacattatt aaaatgtttt agtcacatag ctttgaacta 181 cttaatctga aattccagat cagctttaat ggaagtgaag ggaaatgcag tagaagcaga 241 agatattctg gatctgatag tgactccatg tcagaaagaa aacgaccaaa aaaacgtgga 301 cgaccacgaa ctattcctcg agaaaatatt aaaggattta gcgatgcaga

31

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alikondra, H. S. Teknik Pengelolaan Satwa Liar dalam Rangka Mempertahankan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia. IPB Press, Bogor.

Antawidjaja, T. 1988. Pengaruh pengelolaan loloh paksa (force feeding) terhadap performan piyik dan induk burung merpati Homer King. Tesis. Program Studi Pasca Sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Archawaranon, M. 2004. Rapid sexing hill mynah Gracula religiosa by sex chromosomes. Biotechnology 3: 160-164.

Barroso, A., S. Dunner & J. Canon. 1999. Technical note: use of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis for detection of bovine beta-casein variants A1, A2, A3 and B. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 2629-2632.

Bastos, E., A. Crvador, J. Azevedo & H. G. Pinto. 2001. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) detection in six genes in Potuguese indigenous sheep breed “Churra da Terra Quente”. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 5: 7-15. Bello, N., O. Francino & A. Sanchez. 2001. Isolation of genomic DNA from

feathers. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 13: 162-164.

Blakely, J. & D. H. Bade. 1994. Ilmu Peternakan. Edisi IV. Terjemahan: Bambang Srigandono. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Brahmantiyo, B., L. H. Prasetyo, A. R. Setioko, & R. H. Mulyono. 2003. Pendugaan jarak genetik dan faktor peubah pembeda galur itik (alabio, bali, khaki campbell, mojosari dan pegagan) melalui analisis morfometrik. JITV. 8: 1-7. Bramwell, R. K.2003. Sexing chicks in the backyard flock. Avian Advice 5: 4-5. Campbell, B. & E. Lack. 1985. A Dictionary of Birds. Buteo Books, Vermillion. Candrawati, V. Y. 2007. Studi ukuran dan bentuk tubuk ayam kampung, ayam sentul

dan ayam wareng tangerang melalui analisis komponen utama. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Cerit, H. & K. Avanus. 2007a. Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 63: 91-99.

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36 Lampiran 1. Sekuen Gen CHD-Z pada Ayam (Gallus Gallus)

LOCUS AF006659 345 bp DNA linear VRT 22-NOV- 2004

DEFINITION Gallus gallus CHD-Z (CHD-Z) gene, partial cds. ACCESSION AF006659

VERSION AF006659.1 GI:3811116 KEYWORDS .

SOURCE Gallus gallus (chicken) ORGANISM Gallus gallus

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;

Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 345)

AUTHORS Griffiths,R., Double,M.C., Orr,K. and Dawson,R.J. TITLE A DNA test to sex most birds

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