• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Akoso. B. T. 1993. Manual Kesehatan Unggas. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Amrullah, I. K. 2003. Nutrisi Ayam Broiler. Lembaga Satu Gunung Budi, Bogor. Anggorodi, R. 1980. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. Cetakan ke-5. PT Gramedia

Pustaka Umum, Jakarta.

Axelsson. 1993. Lactic Acid Bacteria. Chapman and Hall, New York

Becker, W. A., J. V. Spencer., L. W. Mirish and J. A. Verstrate. 1981. Abdominal and carcass fat in five body strain. Poultry Science. 60: 693-697.

Berchieri, A. 2000. Prevention of Salmonella infection by contact using intestinal flora of adult bird and / or a mixture of organic acid. Brazillian Journal of Mikrobiology. 31 : 116-120.

Bolsen, K.K., Sapienza, 1993. Teknologi Silase. Penanaman, Pembuatan dan Pemberiannya pada Ternak. Alih Bahasa : Rini B.S Martoyoedo. Pioner-Hi-Berd International, Inc. Kansas State University.

Brake, J., G. B. Havenstein. S. E. Schidelet, P. R. Ferket. D. V. River. 1993. Relationship of sex, age and body weight to broiler carcass yield and offal production. Poultry Science. 70: 680-688.

Buhr, R.J. A. Hinton J.R., A.C. Murry J.R. 2006. Effect of botanical probiotic containing Lactobacilli on growth performance and population bacteria in the ceca, cloaca, and carcass rinse of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 5 (4) : 344-350.

Byrd, J.A., B.M. Hargis., D.J. Cardwell., R.H. Bailley., K.L McReynolds and R.L. Brewe. 2001. Effect of lactic acid administation in the drinking water during preslaughter feed withdrawl on Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of broiler. Poultry Science. 80 : 278-283.

Canibe, N., S.H. Steinen., M. Overland and B.B. Jensen. 2001. Effect of K-diformat in starter diets on acidity, microbiota and the amount of organic acid in the digestive tract of piglets and on gastric alterations. Journal Animal Science. 79 : 2123-2133.

Church, D.C. 1991. Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 3rd Edition. Prentice_Hall International Inc, New Jersey.

Cobb Vantress. 2006. What is Cobb 500 and Cobb 700. http://www.cobbvantres.com/. [14 Februari 2006].

Coelho, M.B. 1996. Comparative Efficacy of Mold Inhibitors. Technical Services. BASF Corporation. Mount Olive. New Jersey.

Daghir, N.J. 1998. Poultry Production in Hot Climates. CAB International, New York.

Deaton, J. W. And B. D. Lott. 1985. Age and dietry energy effect on broiler abdominal fat deposition. Poultry Science. 14 : 291 – 301.

33 de Roos, N. M. and M.B. Katan. 2000. Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarhea, lipid

metabolism and carcinogenesis: a review of paper published between 1988 and 1998. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71(2): 405-411.

Direktorat Jenderal Bina Produksi Peternakan. 2005.Buku Statistik Peternakan tahun 2005. Ditjen. Bina Produksi Peternakan. Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Ensminger, M. E. 1992. Animal Science. Interstate Publishing, Inc. Danville. Illionis. Fardiaz. 1989. Mikrobiologi Pangan. Pusat Antar Universitas Institut Pertanian

Bogor, Bogor.

Fontana, E. A., D. Weaver Jr., D. M. Denbaow and B. A. Watkins. 1993. Early feed restricition of broiler : Effect on abdominal fat pad, liver, and gizzard weight, fat deposition and carcass composition. Poultry Science 72 : 243 – 250.

Frandson, R. D. 1992. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Ternak. Edisi ke-4. Terjemahan. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Fuller. 1992. Probiotics the Scientific Basis. Chapman and Hall, London.

Gauthier, R. 2002. Intestinal health, the key to productivity (The case of organic acid). XXVII Convencion ANECA-WPDC. Puerto Vallarta. Jal. Mexico. Hasanah, S. 2002. Pengaruh pemberian silase ikan-tape ubi kayu terhadap persentase

berat karkas, lemak abdomen dan organ dalam ayam broiler. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Hardy, B. 2003. Nutraceutical concepts fo gut health in pigs. NutriVicion Inc. Fairmont, Minnesota. www.nutrivisioninc.com [20 Juni 2006].

Leeson, S. and J. D. Summers. 1980. Production and carcass characteristics of the broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 59 : 786 – 798.

Linder, M. C. 1992. Biokimia Nutrisi dan Metabolisme. Terjemahan : A. Parrakasi. Cetakan ke-1. UI Press, Jakarta.

Matjik, A. A. dan I. M. Sumertajaya. 2002. Perancangan dan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. Cetakan ke-dua. IPB Press, Bogor.

Mc. Donald, P., A. R. Henderson, J. F. E. Heron. 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcombe Publications, 13 Highwoods Drive, Marlow Bottom, Marlow, Bucks SL7 3PU.

McLelland, J. 1990. A Colour Atlas of Avian Anatomy. Wolfe Publishing Ltd.,London.

Mohan, B., R. Kadrivel, A. Natarajan and M. Bhaskaran. 1996. Effects of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broiler. British Poutry Science 37(2); 395-401.

Moran, E.T. 1985 Digestive Physiology of Duck. In: Farrel, D.J. and P.Stapleton (Eds.). Duck Production and World Practice. University of New England, Armidale.

Mountney, G. J 1976. Poultry Product Technology. 2nd Ed. The Avi Publishing Company Inc. Westport, Connecticut.

34 North, M. O. and D. Bell. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual. 4th Ed.

Chapman and Hall, London.

Patterson, J.A., K.M. Burkholder.2003 Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science (82) 627-631

Pesti, G. M. and R. I. Bakalli. 1997. Estimation of the composition broiler carcass from their specific gravity. Poultry Science 76: 948-951.

Pioner Development Foundation. 1991. Silage Technology. A. Trainers Manual. Pioner Development Foundation for Asia and the Pacific Inc.:15 – 24.

Pond, W.G., D. C. Church and K. R. Pond. 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. 4th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Pryliana. 1984. Pengaruh pembatasan pakan terhadap persentase karkas, lemak abdominal, lemak daging paha dan bagian giblet ayam pedaging. Karya Ilmiah. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Putnam, P. A. 1991. Handbook of Animal Science. Academy Prees, San Diego. Rahmania, E.I. 2006. Performan ayam broiler dengan pemberian pakan silase ransum

komersial. Skripsi. Unpublished. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Ressang, A.A. 1984. Patologi Khusus Veteriner. Edisi Kedua. NV Percetakan Bali, Denpasar.

Rose, S.P. 1997. Principles of Poultry Science. CAB International, London.

Rouse, J., A. Rolow. And C.E. Nelson. 1988. Research note : Effect of chemical treatment of poultry feed on survival of Salmonella. Poultry Science, 67 : 1225-1228.

Santoso, U. 2002. The Effect of fermented product from Bacillus subtilis on lipid fraction contents of broiler carcass. Journal of Tropical Animal Development 27(3): 103-106.

Sanz, M. A. Flores, C. J. Lopez-Bete and J.M. Carmora, 2000. Effect of the inclusion time of dietary saturated and unsaturated fats before slaughter on the accumulation and composition of abdominal fat in female broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 79: 1320-1325.

Scott, M.L., M. C. Nesheim and R. J. Young. 1982. Nutrition of the Chicken. 3rd Edition. Published by M.L. Scott and Associates, Ithaca.

Seifert, H.S.H. and F.Gessler. 1997. Continous oral application of probiotic B. Cereus an alternative to the prevention of enteroxomia. Animal Research and Development. 46 : 30-38.

Sibuea, P. 2002. Probiotik: hidup sehat bersama probiotik. http://www.kompas.com/kesehatan/news/0210/23.htm. [20 Juni 2006].

Soeparno. 1994. Ilmu dan Teknologi Daging. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

35 Sofyan, A. 2003. Evaluasi taraf penambahan teh fermentasi kombucha dalam air

minum terhadap organ dalam, lemak abdominal dan kolesterol ayam broiler. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Sturkie, P. D. 1976. Avian Physiology. 3rd Ed. Spinger-verlag, New York.

Subronto. 1985. Ilmu Penyakit Ternak I. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta Wahju, J. 1992. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Cetakan ketiga. Gadjah Mada University Press,

37 Lampiran 1. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Bobot Hidup

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 14363 7182 1,46 0,275 tn)

Galat 12 54291 4936

Total 14 68654

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 2. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Karkas

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 2,63 1,32 0,48 0,632 tn)

Galat 12 27,37 2,74

Total 14 30,01

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 3. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Lemak Abdominal

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 1,2974 0,6487 28,32 0,000 **)

Galat 12 0,2749 0,0229

Total 14 1,5723

Keterangan: **) = sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01)

Lampiran 4. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Hati

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,2659 0,1329 2,51 0,127 tn)

Galat 12 0,5829 0,0530

Total 14 0,8488

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 5. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Jantung

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,01085 0,00542 2,11 0,164 tn) Galat 12 0,03087 0,00257

Total 14 0,04172

38 Lampiran 6. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Limpa

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,001569 0,000785 1,37 0,308 tn) Galat 12 0,004581 0,000573

Total 14 0,006150

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 7. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Rempela

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,0031 0,0016 0,10 0,906 tn)

Galat 12 0,1736 0,0158

Total 14 0,1767

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 8. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Usus Halus

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,441 0,221 1,69 0,225 tn)

Galat 12 1,564 0,130

Total 14 2,005

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 9. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Ketebalan Usus Halus

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,000247 0,000123 0,25 0,783 tn) Galat 12 0,005919 0,000493

Total 14 0,006165

Keterangan: tn) = tidak nyata

Lampiran 10. Analisis Sidik Ragam Rataan Persentase Bobot Seka

Sumber Keragaman db JK KT F P

Perlakuan 2 0,005237 0,002618 7,29 0,046*) Galat 12 0,001438 0,000359

Total 14 0,006675

Dokumen terkait