SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Simpulan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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[KEMENHUT] Kementerian Kehutanan. 2007. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Nomor 26/Menhut-II/2007 tentang perbaikan tata cara tukar menukar kawasan pada HPK. Jakarta (ID). Kemenhut.
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Onrizal. 2004. Model penduga biomassa dan karbon tegakan hutan kerangas di taman nasional danau sentarum, kalimantan barat. [Tesis]. Bogor (ID) Pascasarjana: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Purnomo H. 2004. Teori Sistem. Bahan Bacaan Mata Ajaran Analisis sistem. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Purwitasari H. 2011. Model persamaan alometrik bomassa dan massa karbon pohon akasia mangium (acacia mangium Willd) (studi kasus pada HTI akasia mangium di BPKH Parung Panjang, KPH Bogor,Perum Perhutani Unit III, Jawa Barat dan Banten). [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sahardjo B.H. 2009. State Of The Art Indonesian REDD. Makalah disampaikan dalam AKECOP Forum on REDD in ASEAN Region Agricultural University Bogor, Indonesia. 14-15 Oktober 2009 Tresnawan H, Rosalina U. 2002. Pendugaan biomasa di atas tanah di
ekosistem hutan primer dan hutan bekas tebangan (Studi Kasus Hutan Dusun Aro, Jambi). Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. VIII No. 1 : 15-29 (2002) Artikel (Article) Trop. For. Manage. J. VIII (1) : 15-29 (2002).
33 LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Data luas kawasan hutan Sumatera Barat
Jenis Hutan Luas Hutan 1999a Luas Hutan 2012b
Hutan lindung 910.533 792.114
Hutan konservasi 846.175 809.295
Hutan Produksi 246.383 360.382
Hutan Produksi Terbatas 407.849 233.157
Hutan Produksi Konversi 189.346 188.257
Keterangan : a = SK Menhut 422/KPTS-II/1999 b = SK Menhut 141/Menhut-II/2012
Lampiran 2 Tabel nilai simpanan karbon setiap penggunaan lahan
No. Jenis Penggunaan Lahan Cadangan Karbon
(Ton/Ha)
1. Hutan Primer 348,02a
2. Hutan Bekas Tebangan 189,26a
3. Kebun Karet 206,8b
4. Kebun Kelapa Sawit 16,43c
5. Alang-alang 4,8b
6. Agroforestry 4,2b
7. Hutan Rakyat Jati 37,7b
8. Kerangas di Taman Nasional 66,3d
9. Hutan Gambut bekas terbakar 176,1e
10. Hutan Gambut bekas tebangan 29,1f
11. Hutan Gambut 41,82g
Sumber : a) Tresnawan dan Rosalina (2002), b) Widayati et al. (2005), c) Yulianti (2009), d) Aminudin (2008), e) Onrizal (2004), f) Widyasari (2010), g) Novita (2010) Lampiran 3 Komponen - komponen tegakan hutan alam
Komponen Kelas Diameter Kelas Diameter 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60up ∑pohon/Ha 295 91 41 22 10 11 Sumber : Agustini (2006)
34 L ampi ra n 4 S im ulasi m ode l t ega ka n HPH KD1019 Ingrowth Penebangan Upg1 KD3039 KD2029 KD4049 TingkatKematianLogging1 NHA D1 D2 KD5059 KD60up Upg2 Upg3 Upr4 Upg5 Penebangan TingkatKematianLogging2 D3 D4 D5 D6 LBDSTot SiklusTebang TingkatKematianLogging3
TingkatKematanlogging4 TingkatKematianlogging5 TingkatKematianlogging6
LBDSTot NHA
PendugaanVolumeTebangan VolumeTebangan
LBDSTot
35 Lampiran 5 Formulasi model
1. Formulasi Submodel Deforestasi Hutan
HL(t) =HL(t - dt) + (- mutasiHLNontambang - mutasiHLtambang) * dtINIT HL = 910533
OUTFLOWS:
mutasiHLNontambang = if time<2004 then 1935.88 else 0
mutasiHLtambang = if time >2008 and time <2013 then 277.2 else if time>2013 and province_Conservation=0 then 277.2 else 0
HP(t) =HP(t-dt) + (- mutasiHPNonTambang - mutasi_HPTrans - MutasiHPTtambang) * dtINIT HP = 407849
OUTFLOWS:
mutasiHPNonTambang = if time<2004 then 484 else 0 mutasi_HPTrans = if time=2001 then 1250 else 0 MutasiHPTtambang = if time<2004 then 484 else 0
HPK(t) = HPK(t - dt) + (- mutasiHPKKebun - mutasiHPKTrans - mutasiHPKHPT) * dtINIT HPK = 189346
OUTFLOWS:
mutasiHPKKebun = if time=2006 then 14032.5 else if time=2007 then 9038 else 0
mutasiHPKTrans = if time >2011 and time <2013 then 1191.6 else if time >2013 and province_Conservation=0 then 1191.6 else 0 mutasiHPKHPT = if time<2006 then 1002 else 0
HPT(t) = HPT(t - dt) + (mutasiHPKHPT) * dtINIT HPT = 246383 INFLOWS:
mutasiHPKHPT = if time<2006 then 1002 else 0
H_Cons(t) = H_Cons(t - dt) + (- mutasi_HK_NonTambang) * dtINIT H_Cons = 846175
OUTFLOWS:
mutasi_HK_NonTambang = if time<2004 then 198.8 else 0
NonTambang(t) = NonTambang(t - dt) + (mutasi HLNontambang + mutasi HPNonTambang + mutasi_HK_NonTambang) * dtINIT NonTambang = 1943839
INFLOWS:
mutasiHLNontambang = if time<2004 then 1935.88 else 0 mutasiHPNonTambang = if time<2004 then 484 else 0 mutasi_HK_NonTambang = if time<2004 then 198.8 else 0
Perkebunan(t)=perkebunan(t-dt) + (mutasiHPKKebun) * dtINIT perkebunan = 0
INFLOWS:
mutasiHPKKebun = if time=2006 then 14032.5 else if time=2007 then 9038 else 0
Tambang(t) = tambang(t - dt) + (mutasiHLtambang + MutasiHPTtambang) * dtINIT tambang = 0
36
INFLOWS:
mutasiHLtambang = if time >2008 and time <2013 then 277.2 else if time>2013 and province_Conservation=0 then 277.2 else 0 MutasiHPTtambang = if time<2004 then 484 else 0
Trans(t) = trans(t - dt) + (mutasiHPKTrans + mutasi_HPTrans) * dtINIT trans = 0
INFLOWS:
mutasiHPKTrans = if time >2011 and time <2013 then 1191.6 else if time >2013 and province_Conservation=0 then 1191.6 else 0 mutasi_HPTrans = if time=2001 then 1250 else 0
KH = HL+HP+HPK+HPT+H_Cons
NKH = NonTambang+perkebunan+tambang+trans province_Conservation = 0
CStok Deforestasi hutan
CHL = HL*C_stock[PrimaryForest] CHP = HP*C_stock[SecondaryForest] CHPK = HPK*C_stock[SecondaryForest] CHPT = HPT*C_stock[SecondaryForest] Ctotal_deforestasi_hutan = CHL+CHP+CHPK+CHPT+C_HCons C_HCons = H_Cons*C_stock[PrimaryForest] C_stock[PrimaryForest] = 348.02 C_stock[SecondaryForest] = 189.26 C_stock[rubberPlantation] = 206.8 C_stock[Oilpalm] = 16.43 C_stock[CoarseGrass] = 4.8 C_stock[Agroforestry] = 4.2
2. Formulasi Submodel Degradasi Hutan a. Formulasi Sub-submodel HPH
Dinamika Struktur Tegakan HPH Per Ha
KD1019(t)=KD1019(t-dt) + (Ingrowth - Upg1 - TingkatKematianLogging1) * dtINIT KD1019 = 295
INFLOWS:
Ingrowth = 3.98+0.0269*NHA-0.33*LBDSTot OUTFLOWS:
Upg1 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D1-0.00012*(D1)^2)*KD1019 TingkatKematianLogging1 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.3074*KD1019 else 0 KD2029(t) = KD2029(t - dt) + (Upg1 - Upg2 - TingkatKematianLogging2) * dtINIT KD2029 = 232
INFLOWS:
Upg1 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D1-0.00012*(D1)^2)*KD1019 OUTFLOWS:
Upg2 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D2-0.00012*(D2)^2)*KD2029 TingkatKematianLogging2 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.0747*KD2029 else 0
37 KD3039(t) = KD3039(t - dt) + (Upg2 - Upg3 - TingkatKematianLogging3) * dtINIT KD3039 = 73
INFLOWS:
Upg2 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D2-0.00012*(D2)^2)*KD2029 OUTFLOWS:
Upg3 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D3-0.00012*(D3)^2)*KD3039 TingkatKematianLogging3 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.02115*KD3039 else 0 KD4049(t) = KD4049(t - dt) + (Upg3 - Upr4 - TingkatKematanlogging4) * dtINIT KD4049 = 45 INFLOWS: Upg3 = (0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D3-0.00012*(D3)^2)*KD3039 OUTFLOWS: Upr4 = ((0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D4-0.00012*(D4)^2)*KD4049)*0.7
TingkatKematanlogging4 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.0126*KD4049 else 0 KD5059(t) = KD5059(t - dt) + (Upr4 - TingkatKematianlogging5 - Upg5) * dtINIT KD5059 = 20
INFLOWS:
Upr4=((0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D4-0.00012*(D4)^2)*KD4049)*0.7
OUTFLOWS:
TingkatKematianlogging5 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.0118*KD5059 else 0
Upg5=((0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D5-0.00012*(D5)^2)*KD5059)*0.5
KD60up(t) = KD60up(t - dt) + (Upg5 - TingkatKematianlogging6 - Penebangan) * dtINIT KD60up = 11
INFLOWS:
Upg5=((0.214-0.00235*LBDSTot+0.00925*D5-0.00012*(D5)^2)*KD5059)*0.5
OUTFLOWS:
TingkatKematianlogging6 = if Penebangan>0 then 0.01005*KD60up else 0 Penebangan = if mod(time,SiklusTebang)=0+9 then KD60up else 0
D1 = 0.15 D2 = 0.25 D3 = 0.35 D4 = 0.45 D5 = 0.55 D6 = 0.65 LBDSTot = ((0.25)*3.14*(D1)^2)*KD1019+ ((0.25)*3.14*(D2)^2)*KD2029+ ((0.25)*3.14*(D3)^2)*KD3039+ ((0.25)*3.14*(D4)^2)*KD4049+ ((0.25)*3.14*(D5)^2)*KD5059+ ((0.25)*3.14*(D6)^2)*KD60up NHA = KD1019+KD2029+KD3039+KD4049+KD5059+KD60up SiklusTebang = 35
38
Pendugaan C stok HPH non logging BiomasaTotal=
(BiomassaKD1019+BiomassaKD2029+BiomassaKD3039+BiomassaKD40 49+BiomassaKD5059+BiomassaKD60up)
BiomassaKD1019 = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D1019))))*KD1019 BiomassaKD2029 = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D2029))))*KD2029 BiomassaKD3039 = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D3039))))*KD3039 BiomassaKD4049 = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D4049))))*KD4049 BiomassaKD5059 = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D5059))))*KD5059 BiomassaKD60up = LOGN((-1.498 + 2.234*(LOGN(D60up))))*KD60up ConversiC = 0.47 CstockHA = BiomasaTotal*ConversiC CstockHPH_nonlogging=iftime>=2005then ((BiomasaTotal*ConversiC*PerubahanLuasHPH))/1000 else 0 D1019 = 15 D2029 = 25 D3039 = 35 D4049 = 45 D5059 = 60 D60up = 70 PerubahanLuasHPH = GRAPH(time) (2005, 208820), (2006, 208820), (2007, 212523), (2008, 215142), (2009, 375732), (2010, 375732), (2011, 375732) CStok Logging C_logging=iftime>=2005then (BiomassaKD60up*luas_tahunan*ConversiC)/1000 else 0 luas_tahunan = PerubahanLuasHPH/35 Cstok HPH total
CSHPH_total=if time>=2005 then CstockHPH_nonlogging- Cstock logging else 0
b. Formulasi Sub-submodel HTI Jumlah Pohon Per Hektar HTI
NHHTI_per_ha(t)=NHHTI_per_ha(t - dt) + (Plantation - Panen - Kematian) * dtINIT NHHTI_per_ha = 0
INFLOWS:
Plantation = if time>2004 then 10000/jarak_tanam else if mod(time,DaurHTI)=0+1 then 10000/jarak_tanam else 0 OUTFLOWS:
Panen = if mod(time,DaurHTI)=0 then NHHTI_per_ha else 0 Kematian = 2/100
DaurHTI = 0 jarak_tanam = 2*3
Perubahan Stock tegakan HTI
NHTI(t) = NHTI(t - dt) + (Plantation2 - PanenHTI) * dtINIT NHTI = 0 INFLOWS:
39 Plantation2 = if time>2004 then (NHHTI_per_ha*PermitHTI)*1/DaurHTI else 0
OUTFLOWS:
PanenHTI = if mod(time,DaurHTI)=0 then NHTI else 0 PermitHTI = GRAPH(TIME)
(2005, 46743), (2006, 46743), (2007, 0.00), (2008, 1817), (2009, 35292) Cstock Degradation Forest HTI
Cstock_HTI_total=ifDaurHTI=4then
(NHTI*(0.060255*KD[daur4]^2.39)*0.5)/1000 else
if DaurHTI=5 then (NHTI*(0.060255*KD[daur_5]^2.39)*0.5)/1000 else if DaurHTI=7 then (NHTI*(0.060255*KD[daur_7]^2.39)*0.5)/1000 else if DaurHTI=9 then (NHTI*(0.060255*KD[daur_9]^2.39)*0.5)/1000 else if DaurHTI=10then(NHTI*(0.060255*KD[daur_10]^2.39)*0.5)/1000 else 0 KD[daur4] = 11.6 KD[daur_5] = 12.5 KD[daur_7] = 15 KD[daur_9] = 18.77 KD[daur_10] = 20.2
c. Formulasi total degradasi hutan Simpanan Karbon Total Degradasi
C_conscecion = CSHPH_total+Cstock_HTI_total 3. Submodel Simpanan karbon total
Simpanan Karbon Total
C_conscecion = CSHPH_total+Cstock_HTI_total C_nonConcesion=Ctotal_deforestasi_hutan-(PermitHTI*C_stock[SecondaryForest]
+PerubahanLuasHPH*C_stock[SecondaryForest])
40