Scientific Approach
3.6 Data Analysis Technique
After collecting the data, the data analyzed by the researcher. The process of analysing the information would do continually as long because the research was conducted. Data analysis refers to processing and interpreting the data which involves several stages such as organizing and familiarizing, coding and reducing, and interpreting and representing (Ary, et.al, 2010, p: 481). In line with, (Sugiyono, 2008 p. 337). The information analysed in qualitative research involves three things namely; the data reduction, the data presentation/data display, and therefore the conclusion drawing/verification. It means that after conducting data collection, the researcher proceeds to the next research stage, data analysis, to present the research finding and to decide the conclusions.
a. The Data Reduction
Data reduction as the first steps of analyzing data, it was very important since the available data is very complex. In this stage, the purpose of data reduction to acquire the clearer depiction of the data. The procces it also helps the researcher to do the next collecting data. Than, the researcher made transcript of recorded data, chose data which needed to answer the research problem and throw out data which not needed.
According to Moleong (2000, p. 190) in research method in language learning) defines that it is a process of creating summary from the most point, arranging it and categorizing it based classification. Data reduction was started by explaining, selecting the essential things, that specialize in something important to the content of data which derives from the field. The researcher categorized data
taken from the interview and observation. During this step, the researcher interviewed the subjects of this study. The researcher also conducted observation within the class and took notes in process of succeeding the data or information.
b. The Data Presentation/Data Display
After organizing the data, then the researcher has been ready to put the data into display it arranged it into readable plat. In this process, the researcher assembled, organized, and compressed the data into a display that facilitates conclusion in a form of graphic, table/matrix or textual display. In this research, the writer displayed the data after data reduction completed. Since the data collected from questionnaire, interview and document analysis, the researcher presented the data in form of chart, graphic and some of was in description and or textual display.
Data display is a planned, compressed gathering of information that authorizations conclusion drawing and achievement. In other words, it included describing the data from the result of interview, documentation, and observation with the literature study about the implementation of teaching speking skill by using scientific approach. In line with Miles and Huberman (1984) in Sugiyono (2008, p.341) state the foremost frequent sort of display data for qualitative research data within the past has been narrative text. In qualitative research, the info display might be wiped out the shape of short narration, chart, flowchart, etc.
watching the info display would help to know what was happening and to try to
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some things-further analysis or caution thereon understanding (Miles and Huberman (1984) in Sugiyono, (2008, p.341).
Then, after selecting and taking the information supported some criteria, the researcher presented and described the data. Data display showed that the data were reduced within the form patterns. It helped the researcher to know the data.
c. The Conclusion Drawing/Verification
The last part of the analysis activity was conclusion drawing and verification. From the beginning of data collection, the researcher started to choose what things mean-is noting symmetries, designs, clarifications, possible configuration, causal flows, and plans. Lastly, the conclusion was drawn depend to the data and the research problem.
After describing and interpreting, the researcher made a general view toward the results of the interpretation. The conclusion then made supported the overall view. The conclusion of this research would be the outline of the teacher procedures by using scientific approach in teaching speaking skill at Islamic Senior 1 Pekanbaru. Shortly, the steps in analysing the information were the researcher collected the data. Then, the researcher selected, identified, and focus on the data by referring to the formulation of the research problem. Then, after selecting the info, the researcher displayed those data into good sentences. And therefore, last after displaying data, the conclusion drawn. This process was highly necessary to ensure the credibility of the conclusion.
Figure III.1
The Scheme of Interactive Model Analysis
Figure 3.1 Miles and Huberman Interactive models (1997)
According to Lodico, Spaulding, and Voegtle (2010, p.180), the steps of data analysis in qualitative research are as follows: (1) preparing and organizing the data, (2) reviewing and exploring the data, (3) constructing thick descriptions of people, places, and activities, and (4) reporting and interpreting data. However, in this research, the researcher modified some steps that fitted with the research problems and research design.
However, the researcher modified some steps in analysing data that represented the research problems and research design as follows:
1. Transcribing the interview recorder and describing the data in the form of notes from the observation which describe about the implementation of Scientific Approach in speaking skill.
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2. Listing and classifying the data gathered from the observation and interview.
3. Analysing the data based on the research problems by classifying the results of the observation and interview about the teacher’ activities on implementing scientific approach in teaching speaking skill, the techniques used by the teacher in teaching speaking skill on implementing scientific approach and the students’
responses toward teaching speaking skill on implementing scientific approach.
4. Constructing and presenting the data into descriptive data based on the research problems through inductive analysis.
5. Drawing conclusions based on the data obtained.