Suhendra Yusuf (1994) states that the main factors of interference are the differences between the source language and the target language. The differences are not only in structure but also in the variety of vocabularies.
So the structure of the target language always influences the interference made by bilinguals. Meanwhile, structure of English and Indonesian language in the sentence has similarities, So the correct sentence should be :
Respondens Interference
Student A Cinderella has two step sisters
Student B Her step mother is very cruel and she do not give her food enough.
Student C In forest,Cinderella met a prince who lost the way to home
Student D She runs fast down to the stairs
Student E Horse is often used by many cart in Cinderella story
cycle(verb) = bicycle (noun), play (verb) + er = player (noun), and dis + grace (noun) + ful = disgraceful (adjective). Meanwhile, examples in Indonesian language are pe + main (verb) = pemain (noun), makan (verb) + an = makanan (noun), and per + main + an = permainan (noun).
The morphological interference in the data below is the using of base form.
Speakers used the base form / basic word more regular than the word with affixes a. Noun
In this type, the grammatical interference occur in the form of plural form. It happened because when the students spoke the plural form of a noun they spoke it as the basic form of the noun. In Indonesian grammar, the plural form of a noun is written/spoken in the basic form, meanwhile in English, the plural form of a noun is written/spoken by adding suffix s/es after the noun. The researcher found that they did not add the suffix s/es on their essays, for example two step sister, many woman, many princess and many flower, two lizard.
b. Adjective
The interference occured in the form of comparative degree. In Indonesian grammar, to show to show a degree of comparison is using lebih/kurang (less/more), ter/paling (most) and it is followed by adjective.
The adjective which follows it does not change. It is still in the base form, for example the word cantik (beautiful), the degree of comparison of this word are lebih cantik (more beautiful), tercantik/paling cantik (most beautiful). In English grammatical, for comparative degree, the adjective which has one syllable is added suffix er, for example the word big becomes bigger, small becomes smaller and tall becomes taller.
Meanwhile, for the adjective which has more than two syllables is adding more before the adjective, for example the word beautiful become more beautiful, expensive becomes more expensive. The researcher found that the students spoke the degree of comparison in Indonesian grammar, for example more tall.
c. Verb
In this type, the researcher found the verb used in the sentence was not chosen properly. For example, in the sentence the palace is built by people or groups they build with their love or from suggestion king. The using of word built in the sentence is not correct. It should use construct, because the sentence is a passive sentence, therefore the verb should be changed with the past form. Then it becomes constructed.
2. Syntactical Interference
Lexical interference occurs mainly because of literal translation of lexicons. In this type, the researchers dealt with words and how they were translated by students. Most students' errors were due to the incorrect translation of words or inappropriate selection of the correct equivalence in the target language. Making such inappropriate choices occurred because students didn't consider that a word might have more than one meaning and just relied either on their previous limited knowledge of the target language or chose one of the first meanings listed for the word in the dictionary. Most students didn't even consider the context and only focused on the words and not on the sentence as a whole. They only applied the meanings that were usually given for the same words without considering the situation they were used in. As a result of the inappropriate choice of words, the whole meaning of the context was rendered incorrect or distorted.
a. Phrase
In this type, interference occur in the phrase pattern. In Indonesian grammar, , the phrase pattern is head word + modifier, for example baju (dress) + baru (new), the phrase becomes baju baru. Meanwhile in English, the pattern is modifier + headword, for example new + car. The grammatical interference can be seen as follow, vitamin hair, parfume fragrance, time limited, mother fairy.
b. Sentence
In this type, the grammatical interference found in the word order of the sentence. The students arranged the sentence by translating word by word from Indonesian into English. It can be seen from the example that found on the student’ retelling story Horse much in use by many cart in Cinderella story.
This study is appropriate with Ratih Asti Supriyanto’s study (2015), entitled “Grammatical Interference from English into Indonesian Language Made by English Native Speakers in Salatiga”.This study was also intended to find out morphological interference from English to Indonesian language made by English native speakers in Salatiga. The writer finds several sub-classifications in syntactic interference as the following: (1) sentence; (2) phrase; (3) diction; and syntactic interference are dominated by phrase, because the phrase construction of English and Indonesian language is different. The construction phrase of Indonesian language is head word + modifier, but in English head word is put after the modifier. Meanwhile for morphological interference is dominated by applying the base form in using the verbs in sentence. The construction of verb in English does not need the inflectional morphology to make the sentence clear as the Indonesian language. The speakers have a tendency to use the base form to show the verb in Indonesian sentence.
Then this study also support ed by the study from Sulinda (2015) with the title “ The Students’ Interferences in Translating Thesis Abstract from Indonesian into English. The study aims at describing the interference in translating the thesis abstract. The findings showed the students’ interference in translating thesis abstract from Indonesian into English are: 1)forming question interference, 2) pluralization, 3)mixing interference, 4) prepositionalization interference, 5)forming positive statement interference, 6) redundancy interference 7) missing apostrophe interference, 8) missing article interference, 9) missing “be”
interference, and 10) connector interference. It can be concluded that are belongs to lexical interference. Pluralization interference, repositionalization interference,
missing article interference, missing “be” interference, connector interference are belongs to syntactical interference. While there was no cultural interference found.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS