CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Findings
2. The Implementation of Cycle 1
a. Planning
The planning of cycle 1 was conducted on some steps below:
1. Identifying problems through observation and interview with the teacher, and then formulating the problems.
2. Preparing the teaching and learning instruments, making lesson plan, determining learning media and making story text. The learning instruments were consisting of evluation sheets, observation sheets and field notes. The lesson plan contained standard competencies, basic competencies, steps of learning, learning objectives and assessment guidelines. The media was
2 AP 43
3 BNR 62
4 BNRS 64
5 GRR 75
6 JH 76
7 LF 62
8 NA 63
9 NS 75
10 NvS 63
11 RM 73
12 RA 43
13 RS 73
14 YH 75
15 ZZ 67
Total Score : 978 Mean Score : 65,20 Highest Score : 76 Lowest Score : 43
Passed : 4 students (26,67%) Not Passed : 11 students (73,34%)
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determined based on the story being discussed. And the story text was given to each student to understand the material easily.
b. The action of cycle 1
The action of cycle 1 conducted in three meetings. Each meeting was described as follows.
1. First meeting
The first meeting of cycle 1 was held on Wednesday, 6th October 2021, at 08.00-09.10 a.m. The topic was “Good Character” and the story was entitled “Nyi Roro Kidul”.
Opening activities (10 minutes)
1) Teacher greeted the student and conditioned the class.
2) Teacher led the praying.
3) Teacher called the roll.
4) Teacher prepared learning media and material.
5) Teacher asked students a brief about the topic (What story do you like? Have you heard the story of Nyi Roro Kidul?).
6) Teacher explained the competencies and learning objectives and motivated the students to achieve them.
Main activities (45 minutes)
Exploration
7) Students paid attention to teacher’s explanation about the story.
8) Students listened to the story being presented by the teacher.
Elaboration
9) Students answered the questions.
10) Students wrote the elements of the story.
11) Students presented their writings in front of the class.
12) Students were divided into several groups.
13) Teacher guided each group and gave some steps and tips to play drama based on the story.
14) Teacher guided students to play the characters of the story.
15) Each group was given text of the story.
16) Each group did exercise in telling a story before played in front of the class.
37 Confirmation
17) Each group played a drama in front of the class based on the story.
18) Other students paid attention to the group performance.
Closing activities (15 minutes)
19) Teacher and students together took conclusion of the material learned.
20) Students expressed their feelings after learning process.
21) Teacher motivated students to keep studying diligently.
22) Teacher closed the class by leading a praying and saying goodbye.
2. Second meeting
The second meeting of cycle 1 was held on Thursday, 7th October 2021, at 08.00-09.10 a.m. The topic was “Divinity” and the story was entitled “Pak Rejo”.
Opening activities (10 minutes)
1) Teacher greeted the student and conditioned the class.
2) Teacher led the praying.
3) Teacher called the roll.
4) Teacher prepared learning media and material.
5) Teacher asked students a brief about the topic (What story do you like? Have you heard the story of Pak Rejo?).
6) Teacher explained the competencies and learning objectives and motivated the students to achieve them.
Main activities (45 minutes) Exploration
7) Students paid attention to teacher’s explanation about the story.
8) Students listened to the story being presented by the teacher.
Elaboration
9) Students answered the questions.
10) Students wrote the elements of the story.
11) Students presented their writings in front of the class.
12) Students were divided into several groups.
13) Teacher guided each group and gave some steps and tips to play drama based on the story.
14) Teacher guided students to play the characters of the story.
38 15) Each group was given text of the story.
16) Each group did exercise in telling a story before played in front of the class.
Confirmation
17) Each group played a drama in front of the class based on the story.
18) Other students paid attention to the group performance.
Closing activities (15 minutes)
19) Teacher and students together took conclusion of the material learned.
20) Students expressed their feelings after learning process.
21) Teacher motivated students to keep studying diligently.
22) Teacher closed the class by leading a praying and saying goodbye.
3. Third meeting
The third meeting of cycle 1 was held on Monday, 11th October 2021, at 08.00-09.10 a.m. The topic was “Friendship” and the story was entitled “The Faithful Bambam”.
Opening activities (10 minutes)
1) Teacher greeted the student and conditioned the class.
2) Teacher led the praying.
3) Teacher called the roll.
4) Teacher prepared learning media and material.
5) Teacher asked students a brief about the topic (Do you have a friend? How should we behave to our friends?).
6) Teacher explained the competencies and learning objectives and motivated the students to achieve them.
Main activities (45 minutes) Exploration
7) Students paid attention to teacher’s explanation about the story.
8) Students listened to the story being presented by the teacher.
Elaboration
9) Students answered the questions.
10) Students wrote the elements of the story.
11) Students presented their writings in front of the class.
12) Students were divided into several groups.
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13) Teacher guided each group and gave some steps and tips to play drama based on the story.
14) Teacher guided students to play the characters of the story.
15) Each group was given text of the story.
16) Each group did exercise in telling a story before played in front of the class.
Confirmation
17) Each group played a drama in front of the class based on the story.
18) Other students paid attention to the group performance.
Closing activities (15 minutes)
19) Teacher and students together took conclusion of the material learned.
20) Students expressed their feelings after learning process.
21) Teacher motivated students to keep studying diligently.
22) Teacher closed the class by leading a praying and saying goodbye.
c. The observation of cycle 1 Teacher activities
The observation result was gained from observing the teacher while doing teaching process by filling the observation sheet which was prepared before the action. The observation was conducted by observing and paying attention to the teacher activities within learning process. All activities were noted according to the indicators occurred.
Based on the observation, it showed that the teacher had implemented the learning steps of teaching speaking using storytelling technique as been planned.
The teacher asked the students about the kind of story they like, and presented the story that would be discussed. Before doing storytelling, the teacher conditioned the students to create a calm athmosphere. The students were given the text of the story which will be learned.
The teacher gave an example about the way to do storytelling by dramatizing the story. Then the teacher did question and answer session. After that, the teacher asked the students to write the elements of the story, and asked some of them to do presentation in front of the class. The class was divided into 3 groups. The teacher asked each group to do storytelling by dramatizing the story, that was, the students in the group played a drama based on the character of the
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story. Before doing performance in front of the class, the teacher guided each group to do exercise in 10 to 15 minutes. The teacher helped the students to prepare the media that required.
However, there were some aspects that were not implemented yet, namely the teacher did not guide the students when writing the elements of the story and while they doing performance. As a result, some of the students did not understand the character and the disposition of each character of the story. In addition, the teacher seemed dominated the class while the students were less involved especially in taking the conclusionn of the learning.
Student activities
The obsevation towards the students was conducted during the implementation of action cycle 1 which involved first the meeting, second meeting and the third meeting. The aspects of observation within the three meetings were similar. The researcher observed students’ activities of each meeting started from the opening activities till closing activities. The researcher took notes and filled up the observation sheets that had been prepared. The researcher based the observation on some aspects and indicators which had been determined. In addition, the researcher also used field notes to record the situation and condition of teaching and learning proscess.
The result of observation indicated that the students had already did the steps of learning speaking using storytelling technique expectedly. The students read the story selected by the teacher. They paid attention to teacher’s explanation when dramatizing the story. They were asked to write the elements of story and doing presentation in front of the class. The class was divided into 3 groups. The students did exercise among their group to achieve maximum understanding and comprehension about the character of the story and disposition of each character.
The students performed in front of the class using some media such as pictures and replica of certain thing to make the story more alive. Some of them performed vigorously and enthusiastically. The others paid attention to their friends’
performance. The students and the teacher together took conclusion of the learning. They also expressed their feeling and opinion on the use of storytelling technique in learning speaking. Based on the observation result of cycle 1, the
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student activities were increased in the amount of 69%. It increased 19% from the pre-action condition which was only 50%.
During the learning process, there were still some aspects that were not carried out yet. Some of the students were still hesitate and less courage in asking question about the subject they did not understand. Some of the students also did not paid full attention to teacher’s explanation of the story being discussed and when the others did storytelling in front of the class. The students also did not fully and effectively spend the time given to do exercise and practice within the group before doing performance. In some circumstances, they oftenly played and kidded to each other. In addition, there were several students that looked less enthusiastic, still ashamed and hesitate, and less confident.
d. Reflection and revision of cycle 1 1. Reflection
The importance of reflection was to evaluate the action conducted and provided solution for the problems and strains found during the action process by modifying the previous plans which would be implemented in the next cycle. Based on the data that had been collected through observations, an analysis would be carried out to review the actions and to formulate the success criteria. If the success criteria were not completely reached yet, the researcher would take correction and develop the plans to be applied in the next cycle.
In this stage, the reflection would be focused on three phase, namely finding problems, planning and formulating the action, and implementation phase. In finding problems phase, it was found two problems in learning speaking, namely teacher’s side problem and students’ side problem. Based on the observation, documentation and field notes of action cycle 1, it was found the teacher problem was limited use of variative and proper teaching strategy. Besides, the students’
problems were difficulties in speaking and mental and cognitive strain.
Then the researcher and the teacher collaborated in discussing the result of observation that clearly stated within the observation sheets and field notes. It was meant to figure out the problems and strain which would be the reference in revising and developing the learning design. The reflection showed the findings on the effectiveness of learning design by implementing storytelling technique, and the list
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of problems that occured during the action would be poured out into the planning and organization of next cycle.
Based on the observation of cycle 1, it showed that the teacher had implemented the learning steps of teaching speaking using storytelling technique as been planned. Yet, there were some aspects not implemented yet, namely the teacher did not guide the students when writing the elements of the story and while they doing performance, did not ask and emphasize the students to do repitition, and seemed still dominated the class especially in taking conclusion of the subject.
In other side, the students had already done the steps of learning speaking using storytelling technique expectedly. However, there were still some aspects that were not carried out yet. Some of the students were still hesitate and less courage in asking question about the subject they did not understand. Some of the students also did not paid full attention to teacher’s explanation of the story being discussed and when the others did storytelling in front of the class. The students also did not fully and effectively spend the time given to do exercise and practice within the group before doing performance. In some circumstances, they oftenly played and kidding to each other. In addition, there were several students that looked less enthusiastic, still ashamed and hesitate, and less confident.
Above all, the implementation of storytelling technique in learning speaking created a two-ways communication which led the students to be more active and more enthusiastic in learning speaking. It also increased students’
activities significantly in the amount of 69%. It increased 19% from the pre-action condition which was only 50%. Students’ speaking skill also had improved significantly compared to pre-action condition. It could be seen from students’
average score of speaking assessment which was carried out in the last meeting of cycle 1. It was in the amount of 72,78. It had increased in the amount of 7,58 from pre-action condition which was only 65,20. Yet, students’ mean score in cycle 1 still did not meet the passing grade determined which was 75. It was shown clearly in the table below.
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Table 7. The Mean Score of Students’ Speaking Skill and Activities of Pre-action and Action Cycle 1
Class Average Score Student Activities
Pre-action Cycle 1 Pre-action (%) Cycle 1 (%)
VII 65,20 72,78 50 69
Besides, based on the speaking skill assessment of class VII on cycle 1, below table was the classification of students’ score based on the criteria (very good, good, satisfactory, poor).
Table 8. The Classification of Students’ Speaking Skill Score in Cycle 1 Score Criteria The Amount of
Student Percentage (%)
80-100 Very Good 2 13,34
66-79 Good 11 73,34
56-65 Satisfactory 2 13.34
40-55 Poor 0 0
2. Revision
The revision was conducted in accordance with the problems and straints found in cycle 1. It was meant to evaluate and find the solution for the problems. The revision was being the reference in planning the next steps and designing the material that would be implemented in the action of cycle 2. Below were some points of revision that need to be carried out:
a. The revision of lesson plan which involved steps of learning and material design.
b. Motivating the students to be more active and participating during learning process.
c. Giving more guidance during learning process.
3. The Implementation of Cycle 2