Riset ini merupakan bagian kerjasama riset mahasiswa dan kelompok riset diabetes dan regenerasi pankreas PSPD FKIK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah yang di biayai oleh Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia di bawah bimbingan dr. Flori Ratna Sari, Ph.D dan dr. Hari Hendarto, Sp.PD, PhD, FINASIM.
44
1. International Federation of Diabetes. 2009. IDF Diabetes Atlas Fourth Edition.
2. Wild, Sarah., Roglic, Gojka., Green, Anders., Sicree, Richard., King, Hilary. 2004. Global Prevalence of Diabetes; Estimates for The Year 2000 and Projections for 2030. Diabetes care, 27(5),1047-1054.
3. Chan, Juliana C.N., Malik, Vasanti., Jia, Weiping., Kadowaki, Takashi., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yoon, Kun-Ho., Hu, Frank B. 2009. Diabetes in Asia ; Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology. Jama, 301(20), 2129-2140 [Reprinted]
4. Sudoyo,Aru W. dkk. 2010. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam; Diabetes Melitus di Indonesia. Jakarta: Interna Publishing. h1874-1876, h1954.
5. Mohammed, Rafid. 2011. Comparison the Effect of Varios Cinnamon Plant Extracts with Metformin in Blood Glucose Level of Alloxan-induced Diabetec Laboratory Rats. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Sciences, 2(2), 91-95.
6. Kronenberg, Henry M., Melmed, Shlomo., Polonsky, Kenneth S., Larsen, P. Reed. 2008. William Textbook of Endocrinology 11th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
7. Daswir. 2011. Profil Tanaman Kayumanis di Indonesia (Cinnamomum spp.). Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik.
8. Versphol, Eugen J., Bauer, Katrin., Neddermann, Eckhard., 2005. Antidiabetic Effect of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanikum In vivo and In vitro. Phytoterapy Research, 19, 203-206.
9. Kamble, Shoba., Rhambhimaiah, S., 2013. Antidiabetec Effect of Aqueous Extract of Cinnamomum cassia in Aloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats.
45
10.Lukman, Malisa. 2011 . Efek Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) terhadap Kadar TG, LDL, Kolesterol Tikus Model Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 yang Diinduksi Aloksan. Malang: Universitas Islam Malang.
11.Rahman, Sonia., Begum, Halima., Rahman, Zaida., Ara, Ferdous., Iqbal, Md. Jalaluddin., Mohammad Yusuf, Abul Kalam. 2013. Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) as Lipid Lowering Agent on Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Journal of Enam Medical College, 3(2), 92-98.
12.Roy, Hely J., Lundy, Shanna., Eriksen, Chad., Kalicki, Beth., 2009.
Cinnamon and Type 2 Diabetes. Pennington. Pennington Nutrition Series,
(3).
13.Srinivasan, K., Ramarao, P. 2007. Animal Model in Type 2 Diabetes Research : An Overview. Indian Journal Medical Research, 125, 451-47 14.Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. 2011. Konsensus Pengelolaan dan
Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia.
15.ADA (American Diabetes Association). 2012. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetes Care, 35(1), 64-71.
16.Longo., Fauci., Kasper., Hauser., Jameson., Loscalzo. 2012. Harrisons’
Principles of Internal Medicine 8th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill.
17.Guyton, Arthur C., Hall, John E. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th Edition.Philadelphia: Elsevier
18.Hendarmin, Laifa Annisa., Tjakradidjaja, Francisca A., Nasution, Silvia Fitriana. 2011. Pedoman Penulisan Laporan Penelitian Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter. Jakarta: FKIK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
19.Broadhurst, c Leigh., Polansky, Maryline M., Anderson, Richard A. 2000. Insulin-Like Biological Activity of Culinary and Medicinal Plant Aqueous Extract in Vitro. Journal of Agriculture Food Chem, 84, 849-852.
20.N Balaji R, Rekha., M, Deecaraman. 2010. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Extract of the Pulp of Syzigium cumini and
bark of Cinnamomum zeylanikum in Streptozotocin-Inducd Diabetic Rats.Journal of Applied Biosciences, 28, 1718-1730.
21.Dahlan, M Sopiyudin. 2011. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan; Deskriptif, Bivariat, dan Multivariat Dilengkapi Aplikasi dengan Menggunakan SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
22.Mahmood, Saima., Talat, Aisha., Karim, Sabiha., Khurshid, Rukhshan., Zia Azam. 2011. Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. Pakistan Jounal of Physiology, 7(10), 13-16.
23.Gaber E. El-Desoky., M Aboul-Soud, Mourad A., Al-Numair, Khalid S. 2012.
Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) in alloxan diabetic rats. Journal of Medical Plants Research. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(9), 1685-1691.
24.Abd El Rahman, Soehr N., Adel-Haleem, Amal M.H., M Al Mudhaffar, Hessa. 2010. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Cinnamon Powder and Cinnamon Aqueous Extract on Serum Glucose of Rats.Egypt. International Journal of Food, Nutrition and Public Health, 3(2), 183-197.
25.Sangal, A. 2011. Role of Cinnamon as Beneficial Antidiabetic Food Adjunct :a review. Pelagia Research Library, 2(4), 440-450.
26. Cao, Heping., Graves, Donald J., Anderson, Richard A., 2010. Cinnamon Extract Regulates Glucose Transporter and Insulin-signaling gene Expression in Mouse Adipocyte. Phytomedicine journal, 17, 1027-1032. 27.J C, Ozougwu., K C, Obimba., C.D, Belonwu., C.B, Unakalamba. 2013. The
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology, 4(4), 46-57.
28.Lakhsmi, Baddireddi Subadra., Sujatha, [et al]. 2009. Cinnamic Acid, From The Bark of Cinnamomum cassia, Regulates Glucose Transport via Activation of GLUT4 and L6 Myotube in a Phosphatidilinositol 3-kinase-independent manner. Journal of Diabetes, 1, 99-106.
47
29.Ranasinghe, Priyanga., Perera, Sanja., Gunatilake, Mangala., Abeywardene, Eranga., Gunapala, Nuwan., Premakumala, Sirimal., Perera, Kamal., Lokuhetti, Dilani., Katulanda, Prasatt., 2012. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanikum (Ceylon Cinnamon) on Blood Glucose and Lipids in a Diabetic and Healthy Rat Model. NCBI Pharmacognosy Journal, 4(2), 73-79.
30.Szkudelski, T. 2001.The Mechanism of Alloxan and Streptozotocin Action in B Cells of The Rat Pancreas. Physiological Research, 50, 536-546.
31.Lenzen, S. 2007. The Mechanism of Alloxan- and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes. Diabetologia, 51, 216-226.
32.eFloras. Missouri Botanical Garden St.Louis MO and Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge,MA. Diunduh dari http://www.efloras.org
33.Price, Sylivia Anderson., Wilson, Lorraine M. 2005. Patofisiologi: Konsep Klinis Proses-proses Penyakit vol. 1 edisi 6. Jakarta: EGC
34.Shen, Yan., Jia, Liu-Nan., Honma, Natsumi., Hasono, Takashi., Ariga, Toyohiko., Seki, Taiichiro. 2011. Beneficial Effects of Cinnamon on Metabolic Syndrome , Inflammation and Pain, and Mechanism Underlying These Effects- A Review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2(1), 27-32.
35.Hakkim, Lukmanul., Girija, S., Kumar, R Senthil., Jalaludeen, MD. 2007. Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Cassia auriculata L.flowers on Diabetes using Alloxan-induced Dabetic Rats. Int J Diabetes & Metabolism,15, 100-106.
36.Abu, Abeeleh., Bani Ismail, Zuhair., Alzaben, Khalid R., Abu Halaweh, Sami A., Al-Essa, Mohamed K. 2009. Induction of Diabetes Mellitus in Rats using Intraperitoneal Streptozotocin: A Comparison Between 2 Strains of Rats. European Journal of Scietific Research, 32(3), 398-402.
37. Mukul, Tailang., Gupta, Bhaskar K., Sharma, Amrish. 2008. Antidiabetic Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Cinnamomum zeylanikum leaves in
Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. People’s Journal of Scientific Research, 1, 9-11.
38.Yuriska F, Anindhita. (2009). Efek Aloksan Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Wistar. Semarang: FKUNDIP
39.Sun, Wen Tao., Lei, Chun-Ling., Bi, Chun -Chao., Chen, Zheng-Lan., Zhang, Lu. 2010. Effect of Alloxan Time Administer Drug on Establishing Diabetic Rabbit Model. Basic Research, 3(3), 200-202
40.Yang, Cheng-Hong., Li, Rong-Xian., Chuang, Li-Yeh. 2012. Antioxidant Activity of Various Parts of Cinnamomum cassia Extracted with Different Extraction Methods.Molecules Journal, 17, 7294-7304
41.C.J, Coffee. 1998. Metabolism; Integrated Medical Sciences First Edition.
US: Elsevier
42.Smeeth, Coleen., Marks, Allan D., Lieberman, Michael. 2005. Marks’ Basic
Medical Biochemistry A Clinical Approache Second Edition.UK: Lippincott William and Wilkins
43.Dugoua, Jean-Jacques., Seely, Dugald., Perri, Dan., Cooley Kieran., Forelly, Tarin., Mills, Edward., Koren, Gideon. 2012. From Type II Diabetes to Antioxidant Antivity: A Systematic Review of The Safety and Efficacy of Common and cassia Cinnamon Bark. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 85, 837-847.
44.Al Jamal, Abdulrahim., Rasheed, Imad Naji. 2010. Effects of Cinnamon (Cassia zelynicum) on Diabetic Rats. African Journal of Food Science, 4(9), 615-617.
45.Mannan, Md Abdul., Rupa, Beauty Akter., Azam, Md Nur Kabidul., Ahmed, Md Nasir., Hasan, Md Nazmul. 2014. A Quick Review on Anti-diabetic Plants and Action of Phytocemicals. International Journal of Advance Research, 2(5), 227-249.
49
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Hasil Determinasi/ Identifikasi Bahan Uji
Lampiran 2
Surat Keterangan Tikus Sehat
Gambar 7.2
51
Lampiran 3
Gambar Proses Penelitian
Gambar 7.4 Alloxan Monohydrate Gambar 7.3 Tikus saat di adaptasi
(Lanjutan)
Gambar 7.7 Larutan di Vortex Gambar 7.8 Penyuntikan Aloksan
intraperitoneal
Gambar 7.9 pemberian ekstrak dg sonde
53
(Lanjutan)
Gambar 7.11 Pembuatan Larutan Dextrose 40%
Gambar 7.12 Pengambilan darah dari ekor tikus
Gambar 7.13 Hasil pengukuran Glukometer
Gambar 7.14 Proses Sacrifice
(Lanjutan)
Gambar 7.15 Proses Sentrifugasi
Gambar 7.17 Pengambilan Plasma darah
Gambar 7.16 Proses Sentrifugasi(5000 rpm)
Gambar 7.18 Plasma darah disimpan Pada
55 (Lanjutan) Gambar 7.19 Pemeriksaan Trigliserida Plasma Gambar 7.21 Kit Trigliserida (Sclavo) Gambar 7.22 Spektrofotometri Genesys 20, 550nm Gambar 7.20 Tabung reaksi pemeriksaan
Lampiran 4 Cara Perhitungan 1. Induksi Alloxan
Dosis yang dipakai adalah 150 mg/kgBB tikus
Rata-rata BB tikus adalah 300 gram dan jumlah tikus adalah 20 ekor 20 x 300 g x 15 mg/100 g = 900 mg
Konsentrasi obat = 15/0,1 15/0,1 = 900/α
α = 0,1 x 900/15
α= 6 ml
Jadi, untuk 900 g aloksan membutuhkan 6 ml 900 g/ 6 ml = 15/0,1
15/100 x 300 = 45 mg 900 g/6 ml = 45 mg/ β
β= 45 x 6 / 900
β= 0,3 ml
Jadi, untuk tiap tikus dengan berat 300 g diinjeksi sebanyak 0,3 ml 2. Pemberian Ekstrak Cinnamomum cassia
Dosis ekstrak: 300 mg/kgBB = 300 mg/ 1000 g = 30 mg/ 100 g Butuh untuk 10 ekor x 300 g (bb tikus) x 30 mg/ 100 g = 900 mg Konsentrasi obat: 30 mg / 0,1 ml
30 mg/ 0,1 = 900 mg/ α
α = 900 x 0,1 / 30 = 3 ml
57
Lampiran 5
Riwayat Penulis Identitas
Nama : Elza Amelia Firdaus
Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan
Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Gresik, 14 Juni 1993
Agama : Islam
Alamat : Kendalkemlagi Karanggeneng Lamongan
e-Mail : elzafirdaus@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan
1996-1999 : TK Bina Putra Benowo Surabaya
1999-2005 : MI Hidayatus Shibyan Kendal Lamongan 2005-2008 : MTs. Putra-Putri Simo Lamongan
2008-2011 : MA. Matholi’ul Anwar Simo Lamongan
2011-sekarang : Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta