Ibu dan fetus dipertimbangkan untuk pembedahan hanya ketika resiko kematian atau cacat yang berat pada fetus lebih besar dibandingkan tanpa intervensi dan resiko pada ibu tetap rendah. Beberapa anomali kongenital didiagnosa in utero berkembang menjadi hidrops dengan keseluruhannya terjadi kematian fetus. Anomali-anomali ini dipertimbangkan untuk intervensi bedah fetus. Kontraindikasi pada bedah fetus termasuk penyakit genetik yang letal atau mencacatkan pada fetus, anomali struktur yang lain pada fetus, penyakit medis yang serius pada ibu (contohnya, preeklampsia, atau sindroma cermin maternal). Setelah bedah fetus terbuka, kehamilan ini dan semua kehamilan selanjutnya membutuhkan persalinan dengan seksio cesarea, karena insisi histerotomi tidak diperbolehkan untuk dilakukan partus percobaan. Sebagai perbedaan, bedah pada fetus yang menggunakan teknik invasif yang minimal memungkinkan persalinan pervaginam. Karena bedah fetus dapat membahayakan kehamilan dapat menempatkan ibu dan fetus pada resiko, hal ini harus dipertimbangkan pada senter-senter tertentu dengan penerapan klinis yang berhati-hati. Senter pengobatan fetus membutuhkan kerjasama antara bedah anak, ahli perinatologi, ahli obstretri, ahli sonografi, ahli ekokardiografi, ahli neonatologi, ahli ICU, dan ahli genetika.1,10
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