Pengaruh Spasial Kenaikan Upah minimum di Pasar Kerja Indonesia
KETERBATASAN STUD
Hasil temuan penelitian pengaruh spasial terbukti
signifikan dalam kenaikan (beda) upah provinsi. Hasil ini disimpulkan berdasarkan signifikansi koefisien
pengaruh dari model yang dibangun. Estimasi regresi melibatkan obesrvasi masing-masing 64.703 dan 59.684 untuk tahun 2008-2009 dan 2009-2010. Jumlah
observasi ini terdiri dari mereka yang berusia > 15
tahun dan bekerja selama satu jam seminggu sebelumnya dan memperoleh upah sebagai balas jasa dari kegiatan produktif tersebut. Artinya, estimasi untuk fungsi upah hanya melibatkan pekerja yang memiliki upah. Sedangkan dalam pasar kerja Indonesia terdapat mereka yang bekerja sebagai self employed atau unpaid wokers yang bekerja di pertanian atau sebagai pekerja keluarga dan tidak memiliki upah. Jumlah mereka cukup besar dalam pasar kerja Indonesia. Dengan demikian kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini tidak dapat digeneralisasikan.
KESIMPULAN
Simpulan
Kehadiran variabel pengaruh spasial lag dependen
dalam model difference terbukti signifikan. Rata-rata
pengaruh kenaikan (beda) upah wilayah sekitar semakin meningkat dari tahun 2008-2009 sebesar Rp62.753 menjadi Rp87.155 di tahun 2009-2010. Semakin tinggi tingkat upah semakin besar rata-rata pengaruh kenaikan (beda) upah wilayah sekitar. Pengaruh spasial semakin menguat selama periode penelitian ditandai dengan semakin banyak provinsi
yang koefisien pengaruhnya signifikan.
Saran
Berdasarkan kesimpulan semakin besar rata-rata pengaruh kenaikan (beda) upah, maka saran yang diajukan adalah dalam penentuan nilai upah minimum pada tahun-tahun ke depan perlu dilakukan secara hati- hati dengan tidak memunculkan dampak pengaruh spasial kenaikan (beda) yang cukup besar. Hal ini perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga iklim usaha tetap kondusif
dalam mengembangkan usaha dan terciptanya kesempatan-kesempatan kerja baru untuk memelihara pendapatan masyarakat. Kenaikan besaran nilai upah minimum dilakukan dengan tetap memperhatikan produktivitas dan panga upah dalam wilayah.
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