BAB II Present Tense
A. Past Tense
Simple past tense adalah bentuk kalimat atau kejadian di masa lalu dan kejadiannya berakhir di masa lalu atau lampau. Past tense dibicarakankan saat sekarang tentang kejadian di masa lalu.
Pola
Pada pola di atas menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang terjadi di waktu lampau dan berakhir pada saat tertentu di saat lampau juga.
Examples:
She went to Bali four days ago.
I bought this book a month ago.
Andi brought the big bag yesterday.
Pola
Subject + to be (was/were) + Examples:
Pola
She did not go to Bali four days ago.
I did not buy this book a month ago.
Andi did not bring the big bag yesterday.
Did she go to Bali four days ago?
Did I buy this book a month ago?
Did Andi bring the big bag yesterday?
Note:
Kalimat di atas merupakan kalimat verbal dimana Verb dalam bentuk lampau.
Selanjutnya kalimat di bawah ini merupakan kalimat nominal dalam bentuk lampau.
Pola
Did + Subject + did + verb1 ? Subject + did + not + verb1
Subject +to be (was/were) + not + complement (-)
To be (was/were) + Subject + complement Examples:
I was an actor.
Linda was a teacher.
They were an architec.
We were rich.
Andi and Brian were good and smart boys.
Pola
Examples:
She was not thin.
Ali was not good yesterday.
you were not happy.
They were not bad boys.
Pola
complement (+)
Was Susi so angry?
Was Rudi hungry to work in restaurant?
Were students happy to play in the garden?
Were you late to come to the class?
Selanjutnya sangatlah penting kita mengenal sejumlah kata kerja baik yang beraturan (Regular Verb) maupun yang tidak beraturan (Irregular Verb).
a. Regular Verb.
Regular Verb (kata kerja beraturan) adalah kata kerja yang memiliki perubahan secara teratur yang pada umumnya bila dalam bentuk past tense dan past participle maka bentuk dasar atau infinitive ditambahkan dengan – ed atau –d.
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Meaning
add added added menambah(-kan)
help helped helped membantu
(?)
advise advised advised menasehati
close closed closed menutup
try tried tried mencoba, berusaha
value valued valued menilai, isi,
menghargai
play played played bermain
cry cried cried menangis
smoke smoked smoked merokok
cancel cancelled cancelled membatalkan
travel travelled travelled berpergian
occur occurred occurred terjadi
adjust adjusted adjusted menyetel
celebrate celebrated celebrated merayakan
change changed changed mengubah
check checked checked memeriksa
claim claimed claimed menuntut
chat chatted chatted mengobrol
dance danced danced dansa
decorate decorated decorated menghiasi
design designed designed mendesain
face faced faced menghadapi
fix fixed fixed memperbaiki
free freed freed membebaskan
formulate formulated formulated merumuskan
help helped helped membantu
hesitate hesitated hesitated ragu-ragu
import imported imported mengimpor
imagine imagined imagined membayangkan
improve improved improved memperbaiki
invent invented invented menemukan/
menciptakan
instruct instructed instructed mengajar
jump jumped jumped melompat
knock knocked knocked mengetuk
kiss kissed kissed mencium
look looked looked melihat
limit limited limited membetasi
mail mailed mailed mengesposkan
manage managed managed mengatur
mix mixed mixed mencampur
neglect neglected neglected mengabaikan
phone phoned phoned menelpon
present presented preented menyajikan
qualify qualified qualified memenuhi syarat
question questioned questioned menanyakan
reply replied replied menjawab
talk talked talked berbicara
stop stopped stopped berhenti
tie tied tied mengikat
type typed typed mengetik
update updated updated memperbaharui
use used used menggunakan
underline underlined underlined menggarisbawahi
push pushed pushed mendorong
panic panicked panicked menjadi panic
thin thinned thinned mengencerkan
wash washed washed mencuci
b. Irregular Verb.
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Meaning
begin began begun mulai
beat beat beaten memukul
bid bade bidden menawar
bless blessed blessed memberkahi
build built built membangun
bring brought brought membawa
buy bought bought membeli
blow blew blown mengembus
choose chose chosen memilih
come came come datang
catch caught caught menangkap
crow crew crowed bangga
draw drew drawn menggambar
dream dreamt dreamt bermimpi
drink drank drunk minum
eat ate eaten makan
fall fell fallen jatuh
drive drove driven mengemudi
menemukan
fly flew flown terbang
forget forgot forgotten lupa
forgive forgave forgiven memafkan
freeze froze frozen membeku
get got gotten mendapat,
memperoleh
give gave given memberikan
go went gone pergi
grave graved graven memahat
grow grew grown tumbuh
hide hid hidden tersembunyi
keep kept kept menyimpan
know knew known mengenal
lay laid laid menaruh
learn learnt learnt belajar
lend lent lent meminjamkan
lie lay lain berbaring
lose lost lost hilang
meet met met berjumpa
mistake mistook mistaken salah
misunderstanding misunderstood misunderstood salah paham
oversee oversaw overseen mengamati
prove proved proven membuktikan
ring rang rung bordering
sell sold sold jual/terjual
string strung strung memberi tali
swear swore sworn bersumpah
sweep swept swept menyapu
swim swam swum berenang
throw threw thrown melemparkan
tread trod trodden melangkah,
meluruskan
S + was/were + Ving B. Past Continuous Tense.
1. Past Continuous Tense adalah kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi waktu lampau dan diikuti peristiwa lain yang terjadi.
Pola:
Example:
While Rudi was swimming in the river I heard his young brother cry.
When you called me, Hendra was coming from school.
We were talking about tourism when they come here.
2. Menyatakan suatu pertiwa atau kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau
Had + Past Pefect
She was watching horror movie yesterday night.
Ria was fishing in sea two days ago.
The students were playing football yesterday morning.