CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
E. Research Instruments
The key instrument in this research was researcher itself. Researcher helped by some equipment’s. As stated by Ravitch & Carl (2019), research instrument is related tool that researcher uses to collect the data in research. So, research instrument has a close relationship with data collecting technique. For example, interview data collecting technique uses interview instrument or interview guide as a reference when research asks to participants. In this research, researcher used observation, interview and documentation to collect the data. The instruments were;
1. Observation guideline
According to Mariampolski (2001), observation guideline is the map of anticipated behaviors that will be observed by researcher to respondent during research project. Researcher created an observation guideline based on theory kinds of strategies used by the teacher in teaching vocabulary from Sprenger (2014) and theory from Lawrence (2009) about the factors influencing the teachers to apply the strategies in teaching vocabulary.
Table 3.2 Observation’s guideline Kinds of
strategies
used by
teacher in teaching vocabulary based on Sprenger (2014)
Indicators T1 T2
Meeting I
Meeting II
Meeting III
Meeting I
Meeting II
Meeting III
Determine the definition and give explanation
Teacher gives explanation and definition regarding to student’s unknown word.
Teacher can give the explanation by using their mother language.
Using picture The objects used can be or real object drawn on card, paper or from the whiteboard. Besides that, word that teacher can use the real represent object too. Teaching
vocabulary by using pictures and real object can be linked directly between past knowledge and the knowledge to be taught.
Using synonym of the word
Synonym strategy is one of the good strategies in teaching vocabulary because students will experience the process of finding and discussing a word which is actually synonyms can be used as a definition of a word that they are discussing Compose the
Song
The teacher can make and use song consisting of various kinds of vocabulary to make it easier for students to remember the word.
Use game for reviewing the vocabulary
Teacher uses game for reviewing the vocabulary that they have to learned.
Games make students become more active in learning
Ask students to make vocabulary note and use dictionary
Teacher’s strategy by asking student to write and make vocabulary not
(their unknown
vocabulary) and using dictionary to looking for the meaning of
vocabulary.
Modeling the use of word and repetition drill
Teacher’s strategy by giving the example in pronouncing vocabulary and asking student for repeat it.
Factors influencing the teachers apply the strategies in teaching vocabulary based on Lawrence (2009)
Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 Strategy 4 Strategy5 Strategy 6 Strategy 7
Duration of time The factors
influencing the teachers to apply the strategies is duration (short or long) in teaching and learning in the classroom.
Preferences of the teacher The teacher chooses the strategy that is most effective, comfortable and has greater experience for students.
Teacher chooses strategies based on their thinking from their experiences.
Behavioral control The teacher
implements a strategy that is considered capable of controlling student behavior.
The safety in teaching and learning
For safety reasons, teacher can use a strategy that does not
harm for
students.
Students’ abilities In English as foreign language,
the student’s ability is related to the skills of students such as reading, writing, listening,
speaking, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and etc.
Activity Focus In learning
planning, the objective of learning will be closely related to the strategy applied
2. Interview guide
According to Cassell & Symon (2004), an interview guide is lists topics used by interviewers during interviews to get greater details from participants. The researcher made an interview guide based on the theory kinds of strategies used by the teacher in teaching vocabulary from Sprenger (2014), and the theory from Lawrence (2009), about the factors influencing the teachers to apply the strategies in teaching vocabulary.
Table 3.3 Interview’s guide Kinds of Strategies Used
by Teacher in teaching vocabulary based on Sprenger
(2014)
Indicators Finding
Determine the definition Teacher gives explanation and and give explanation definition regarding to student’s
unknown word. Teacher can give the explanation by using their mother language.
Using picture or real object from the word that represent
The objects used can be drawn on card, paper or whiteboard. Besides that, teacher can use the real object too. Teaching vocabulary by using pictures and real object can be linked directly between past knowledge and the knowledge to be taught.
Using synonym of the word
Synonym strategy is one of the good strategies in teaching vocabulary because students will experience the process of finding and discussing a word which is actually synonyms can be used as a definition of a word that they are discussing
Compose the Song The teacher can make and use song consisting of various kinds of vocabulary to make it easier for students to remember the word.
Use game for reviewing the vocabulary
Teacher uses game for reviewing the vocabulary that they have to learned.
Games make students
become more active in learning Ask students to make
vocabulary note and use dictionary
Teacher’s strategy by asking student to write and make vocabulary not (their unknown vocabulary) and using dictionary to looking for the meaning of vocabulary.
Modeling the use of word and repetition drill
Teacher’s strategy by giving the example in pronouncing vocabulary and asking student for repeat it.
Factors influencing the teachers apply the strategies in teaching vocabulary based on Lawrence (2009)
Duration of time The factors influencing the teachers to apply the strategies is duration (short or long) in teaching and learning in the classroom.
Preferences of the teacher, The teacher chooses the strategy that is most effective, comfortable and has greater
experience for students. Teacher chooses strategies based on their thinking from their experiences.
Behavioral control The teacher implements a strategy that is considered capable of controlling student behavior.
The safety in teaching and learning For safety reasons, teacher can use a strategy that does not harm for students.
Students’ abilities In English as foreign language, the student’s ability is related to the skills of students such as reading, writing, listening, speaking, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and etc.
Activity Focus In learning planning, the objective of
learning will be closely related to the strategy applied
3. Documentation analysis guide
Document analysis is a form of qualitative research that is used to analyze documentary evidence so that it can answer questions from certain research topics. if used to check the validity of data or in training, documents as reinforcement, clarify or expand the findings from other sources. In this research, documentation analysis is for strengthening another data.
Researcher made documentation analysis guide based on the theory Sprenger (2014) to answer the first problem.
Table 3.4 Documentation Analysis Guide
Strategy Indicators Lesson
Plan T1
Lesson Plan T2 Determine the definition and give
explanation of the word
Teacher gives explanation and definition regarding to student’s unknown word.
Teacher can give the explanation by using their mother language.
Using picture or real object that represent the word,
The objects used can be drawn on card, paper or whiteboard.
Besides that, teacher can use the real object too. Teaching vocabulary by using pictures and real object can be linked directly between past knowledge and the knowledge to be taught.
Using synonym of the word, Synonym strategy is one of the good strategies in teaching vocabulary because students will experience the process of finding and discussing a word which is actually synonyms can be used as a definition of a word that they are discussing Compose the song, The teacher can make and use
song consisting of various kinds of vocabulary to make it easier for students to remember the word.
Use game for reviewing the vocabulary,
Teacher uses game for reviewing the vocabulary that they have to learned. Games make students become more active in learning
Ask students to make vocabulary note and use dictionary
Teacher’s strategy by asking student to write and make vocabulary not (their unknown vocabulary) and using dictionary to looking for the meaning of vocabulary.
Modeling the use of word and Repetition drill
Teacher’s strategy by giving the example in pronouncing vocabulary and asking student for repeat it.