BAB II EKSISTENSI HARTA KARUN DALAM HUKUM
B. SARAN
1. Bagi hukum internasional positif, sebaiknya perlu diadakan penambahan konsep kepemilikan yang jelas, diantaranya pengaturan yang lebih rinci mengenai kepemilikan privat dan kepemilikan publik terhadap kapal – kapal yang karam di dasar laut lepas internasional, sehingga para penegak hukum dapat memutus berdasarkan peraturan yang seragam di setiap negara tanpa adanya penafsiran yang berbeda – beda. Selain itu perlu adanya pembaharuan masalah larangan eksploitasi komersil atas warisan budaya bawah air, karena baik kepentingan komersil maupun arkeologi/historis bangkai kapal beserta muatannya masih dapat dilaksanakan secara bersamaan tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak.
2. Sudah saatnya bagi perusahaan eksplorasi kapal karam yang melakukan operasi penyelamatan harta karun untuk mencegah timbulnya sengketa atas penemuannya dengan cara mengadakan perjanjian kerjasama dengan pihak lain yang sudah teridentifikasi memiliki hubungan dengan objek temuan tersebut. Begitu juga sebaliknya agar negara melakukan upaya pendekatan serupa kepada perusahaan komersil untuk bersama – sama mengadakan perjanjian kerjasama. Dengan cara inilah maka seluruh pihak terkait akan terhindar dari proses litigasi yang rumit serta mengatasi kekurangan kerangka hukum yang berlaku saat ini.
3. Perlu adanya kewenangan/yurisdiksi yang jelas dalam memutus sengketa yang berkaitan dengan penemuan harta karun di perairan internasional. Seperti yang diketahui bahwa pengadilan nasional setiap
negara memiliki derajat yang sama, sehingga belum tentu putusan pengadilan suatu negara dapat diterima diterima di negara lain. Untuk itu perlu adanya kehadiran suatu lembaga/badan khusus yang bertugas untuk menyelesaikan klaim kepemilikan terhadap harta karun yang ditemukan di perairan internasional. Baik dengan membuat komisi baru di lembaga yang sudah ada, misalnya ISA (International Seabed
Authority) yang akan bertugas menangani klaim – klaim kepentingan
dalam penemuan harta karun, atau dengan membentuk badan/lembaga baru yang independen.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Buku
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3. Instrumen Hukum Internasional
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4. Instrumen Hukum Nasional
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5. Dokumen PBB
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7. Putusan Pengadilan Nasional
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8. Laporan Badan – Badan Internasional
UNESCO Committee on Cultural Heritage Law, Int’l Law Ass’n, Buenos Aires Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (1994)
9. Internet
A Commitment to Archaeology, dapat diakses pada: http:
Black Swan Project Overview, dapat diakses pada: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratificat ions.htm
Early Helladic Shipwreck, dapat diakses pada:
HMS Sussex Historical Overview, dapat diakses pada:
http://www.shipwreck.net/hmssussexhistoryoverview.php HMS Sussex Project Overview, dapat diakses pada:
http://www.shipwreck.net/hmssussex.php International Waters, dapat diakses pada:
Marine Salvage, dapat diakses pada:
The Dokos Cargo Site, dapat diakses pada:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The Protection
of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Wrecks dapat diakses pada
Vasa Museet, dapat diakses pada:
10. Sumber – Sumber Lain
Accord Plaintiff Odyssey Objections to Magistrate Judge's June 3, 2009 Report
and Recommendations, Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel, No. 8:07-cv-614-T-23MAP
Al Goodman, CNN. High Court Rejects Stay in Spanish Sunken Treasure Case, Februari 10, 2012
James P. Delgado, The Trouble With Treasure, Naval History: Augustus 2010, Vol. 24 Issue 4
Plaintiff Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc.'s Objections to Magistrate Judge's June 3, 2009 Report and Recommendation, Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. Unidentified, Shipwrecked Vessel, No. 8:07-CV-614-T-23MAP
Press Release, Odyssey Marine Exploration, Odyssey to Request En Banc Hearing in Black Swan Case to Address Contradictions in Eleventh Circuit's Ruling (Sept. 21, 2011)
Press Release, Odyssey Marine Exploration, Odyssey Will Object to Magistrate's Recommendation to Dismiss Black Swan Case (June 3, 2009) http://www.shipwreck.net/prl 80.php
Ulrike Guérin & Katrin Köller, Of Shipwrecks, Lost Worlds and Grave Robbers, A World Of Sci., Apr.-June 2009
, Iron: An Illustrated Weekly Journal for Iron and Steel
Manufacturers (1843)
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