BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.2. Saran
5.2.1. Saran Kepada Klinisi
Pada penelitian ini diketahui tidak semua lesi tiroid yang dilakukan operasi mengalami pemeriksaan sitologi imprint dan potong beku dengan indikasi yang sesuai, di mana masih dijumpai lesi tiroid yang tidak memerlukan tindakan operatif dalam penanganannya, dengan demikian diharapkan dapat ditentukan lesi tiroid yang memiliki indikasi pemeriksaan intra-operatif (sitologi imprint dan potong
beku) sehingga penatalaksanaan lesi tiroid dapat lebih optimal. Hal ini dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan biopsi aspirasi jarum halus sebagai tindakan pre- operatif rutin terhadap lesi tiroid.
5.2.2. Saran Kepada Ahli Patologi
Keterbatasan pemeriksaan sitologi imprint dan potong beku lebih disebabkan cara pengambilan dan pengolahan sediaan yang belum maksimal, diharapkan teknik pengambilan sediaan sitologi imprint dapat lebih baik lagi (lege artis) dan pengambilan sampel jaringan untuk potong beku lebih representatif dan prosedur pengolahan jaringan yang lebih baik lagi untuk meningkatkan nilai sensitivitas dan akurasi pemeriksaan.
5.2.3. Saran Kepada Rumah Sakit
Pemeriksaan intra-operatif yang baik (sitologi imprint dan potong beku) sangat bermanfaat dalam membantu penatalaksanaan lesi- lesi tiroid maupun lesi- lesi lainnya, karena mempunyai nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi, sehingga jenis tindakan operasi dapat dilakukan tanpa menunggu hasil pemeriksaan histopatologik, dengan demikian sangat baik apabila rumah sakit yang memiliki pelayanan operatif juga memiliki pemeriksaan intra-operatif (sitologi imprint dan potong beku).
5.2.4. Saran Kepada Peneliti Lain
Pemeriksaan intra-operatif pada lesi tiroid sangat berguna dalam penatalaksanaan lesi tiroid, diharapkan penelitian terhadap pemeriksaan sitologi imprint dan potong beku dilakukan juga untuk lesi-lesi lainnya di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan maupun di rumah sakit lainnya.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Helaine A. Thyroid Lesion Symptoms. Available from : http://www.ehow.com › Family Health. Accessed on December 3, 2012.
2. Ladenson PW. Goiter and Thyroid Nodules. The University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, 415/476-9000. Available from :
http://endocrine.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/thyroid-nodules.aspx. Accessed on November 11, 2012.
3. National Cancer Institute. General Information About Thyroid Cancer. Available from :
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional/ Thyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). Accessed on April 12, 2012.
4. DeLellis RA, Llyod RV, Heitz PU, Eng C. Pathology and Genetics. Tumours of Endocrine Organs. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. IARC Press: Lyon; 2004: 49-123.
5. Islam S. Thyroid gland. Pathology Outlines. Available from :
http://www.pathology outline/thyroid.html. Accessed on April 12, 2012. 6. Kosary CL. Cancer of the Thyroid. National Cancer Institute. Available from :
http://seer.cancer.gov/.../surv.thyroid.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
7. Jameson JL, Weetman AP. Thyroid Cancer. Available from : http://www.mhprofessional.com/downloads/products/0071663355/longo_hemat ology-ch45_p569-p577.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
8. Eng CY, Quraishi MS, Bradley PJ. Management of Thyroid nodules in adult patients. Eng et al. Head & Neck Oncology 2010;2:11. DOI: 10.1186/1758- 3284-2-11.
9. Maitra A. The endocrine system. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N.
Pathologic Basic of Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2010: 1175-83.
10.Chandrasoma P, Taylor C.R. The Thyroid Gland. In: Lange Pathology. [e- book]. The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2006. Available from : http://www.zipghost.com. Accessed on December 15, 2006.
11.Maitra A. The endocrine system. In: Kumar V, Cotran S.R, Robbins L.S.
Robbins Basic Pathology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company; 2007: 767-68.
12.Rosai J, Tallini G. Thyroid gland. In: Rosai J. Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology. 10th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Elsevier; 2011: 488-539.
13.Emedicine. Thyroid cancer. Available from :
http://www.medicinenet.com/thyroid_cancer/article.htm#glance. Accessed on April 15, 2012.
14.Sanchez MA, Stahl RE. The Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Neck Masses Other Than Lymph Nodes. In: Koss LG, Melamed MR. Koss’ Diagnostic Cytology and its histologic bases. Vol 2, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 1148-81.
15.Mothoneos J. Understanding Thyroid Cancer. The Cancer Council NSW. Available from: http://www.foxnews.com/.../understanding-thyroid-.
Accessed on Oktober 10, 2012.
16.Jayaram G, Orell SR. Thyroid. In: Orel SR, Sterett GF. Orell and Sterrett’s Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. 5th ed. London. Churchill Livingstone- Elsevier; 2012: 118-55.
17.Kocjan G. Fine-needle aspiration cytology “Diagnostic Principles and Dilemmas”. London. Springer; 2006: 215-6.
18.K.J. Lee. Essensial Otolaryngology “Head and Neck Surgery”. 8th ed. USA.McGraw-Hill; 2003: 632-34.
19.Makes B. Accuracy of frozen-section combined with imprint and fine needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules.Med J Indones 2007; 16:89-93.
20.Taneri F, Poyraz A, Salman B, Tekin E, Arkyuerek N, Bayram O, Onuk E. Using imprint and frozen section in determining the surgical strategies for thyroid pathologies. Endocrine Regulations.2001;35:71-4.
21.Carcangiu ML. Thyroid. In: Mills SE. Histology for Pathologist. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007: 1130-42.
22.Khan A, Nose V. Pathology of Thyroid Gland. In : Lloyd RV. Endocrine Pathology. Differential Diagnosis and Molecular Advances. 2nd ed. USA. Springer; 2010: 181-235.
23.Kierszenbaum AL. Thyroid. In : Histology and Cell Biology. An Introduction to Pathology. 2nd ed. Mosby-Elsevier; 2007: 537.
24.Nikiforov YE, Biddinger PW, Thompson LDR. Diagnostic Pathology and Molecular Genetics of the Thyroid. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009: 95- 356.
25.Taris E. Epidemiologi dan Gambaran Klinis Kanker Tiroid. Available from : http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/20678/1/mkn-sep2006-
sup(14).pdf. Accessed on November 10, 2012. 26.Santidamaya. Karsinoma Tiroid. Available from :
http://santidamaya.blogspot.com/2011/03/carsinoma-thyroid-kanker- kelenjar.html. Accessed on November 11, 2012.
27.Mayo Clinics. Thyroid nodules. Available from :
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/thyroid-nodules/DS00491. Accessed on Oktober 10, 2012.
28.American Cancer Society. Thyroid cancer. Available from :
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/thyroidcancer/index. Accessed on November 10, 2012.
29.Waguespack S, Wells S, Ross J, Archie B. Thyroid Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available from : http://seer.cancer.gov/.../12.thyroid.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2012.
30.Asuragen. Molecular Pathogenesis of Thyroid Cancer. 2011. Available from : http://storagenl.info/v402/. Accessed on Oktober 10, 2012.
31.Nikiforov YE. Thyroid tumors: Classification, Staging, and General Considerations.Available from :
http://www.lww.com/opencms/.../NikiforovCh7.pdf. Accessed on November 18, 2012.
32.Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA. Pathology of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease. In : Mills SE, Carter D, Greenson JK, Oberman HA, Harold A, Reuter VE, et al.
Sternberg’s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004: 557-86.
33.Schmitt FC. Thyroid cytology : FNA is still the best diagnostic approach. Cytopathology.2006; 17, 210-216.
34.Poller N.D, Stelow B.E, Yiangou C : Thyroid FNAC cytology : can we do it better?Cytopathology.2008; 19, 4-10.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00492.x 35.Hamdani W, Sampepajung D. Thyroid Cancer : The Diagnose and The
Management. Available from : http://med.unhas.ac.id/jurnal/.../THYROID.Ca- William.Hamdani.pdf.Accessed on November 9, 2012.
36.Tse LLY, Chan JKC. Thyroid and Parathyroid. In : Weidner N, Cote RJ, Suster S, Weiss LM. Modern Surgical Pathology. Vol 2. 2nd ed. Philadelphia. Elsevier; 2009 : 1597-666.
37.Muro-Cacho CA, Nini Ku. Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Thyroid Gland. Endocrine Surgery of the Head and Neck. Available from :
http://webtools.delmarlearning.com/.../076930091x. Accessed on Oktober 18, 2012.
NO
NO REK MEDIS NAMA PASIEN L/P
UMUR
(THN)
IMPRINT
FS
HISTOPAT
KET
1 460643 DA P 45 THY 5,KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS)
2 465290 SA P 32 THY 5, KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS)
3 282126 RE P 40 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
4 471185 BK L 46 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
5 477842 KG L 53 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
6 480736 RH P 52 THY 5, KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) VARIAN FOLIKULAR
7 486671 RK P 53 THY 3 (JINAK) KFT (GANAS) KFT (GANAS)
8 488179 SM L 64 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
9 484364 MG P 51 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
10 489158 EL P 49 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
11 996681 ME P 20 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
12 498452 SU P 38 THY 3 (JINAK) FN (JINAK) KPT (GANAS) VARIAN FOLIKULAR
13 504501 RO P 30 THY 5,SCC (GANAS) LESI GANAS (GANAS) KAT (GANAS)
14 502620 KC P 52 THY 5,KAT (GANAS) LESI GANAS (GANAS) KAT (GANAS)
15 492155 SBT L 31 THY 5, KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS)
16 491902 DAH P 38 THY 5,KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS)
17 514881 DAS P 53 THY 4,SUSP KPT (GANAS) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
NO NO REK MEDIS NAMA PASIEN L/P
UMUR
(THN)
IMPRINT
FS
HISTOPAT
KET
18 512135 NUR P 35 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
19 506701 CS P 54 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
20 505082 ROM P 51 THY 3 (JINAK) FN (JINAK) FA (JINAK)
21 510755 ER P 60 THY 3 (JINAK) FN (JINAK) FA (JINAK)
22 512879 MER P 30 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
23 513212 CG P 49 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
24 522957 JS L 30 THY 3 (JINAK) FN (JINAK) FA (JINAK)
25 506839 SUN P 50 THY 5,KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS) KPT (GANAS)
26 524299 AR P 33 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) KPT (GANAS)
27 525484 RAM P 46 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
28 515797 ALG L 65 THY 2,CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK) CG (JINAK)
29 522119 DUM P 56 THY 2, (JINAK) TIROIDITIS (JINAK) TIROIDITIS (JINAK)
Keterangan :
L : Laki-laki KPT : Karsinoma papiler tiroid
P : Perempuan KFT : Karsinoma folikular tiroid
Thy 1 : Bahan tidak cukup KAT : Karsinoma anaplastik tiroid
Thy 2 : Jinak (nodul goiter) FA : Adenoma folikular
Thy 3 : curiga suatu neoplasma (folikular) FN : Neoplasma folikular
Thy 4 : curiga keganasan CG : Colloid goiter
KUMPULAN GAMBAR MIKROSKOPIK SAMPEL
Karsinoma Papiler Tiroid
Karsinoma Folikular Tiroid
Adenoma Folikular
Sitologi, HE, 100x Sitologi, HE, 400x
Potong beku, HE, 40x Histopatologik, HE, 400x
Sitologi, MGG, 40x Potong beku, HE, 40x
Histopatologik, HE, 40x Histopatologik, HE, 200x
Colloid Goiter
Karsinoma Anaplastik Tiroid
Sitologi, MGG, 40x Sitologi, HE, 100x
Potong beku, HE, 40x Histopatologik, HE, 100x
Sitologi, MGG, 100x Sitologi, MGG, 100x