• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

B. Saran

Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang :

1. Pengaruh variasi dosis pemberian ekstrak etanol Artocarpus altilis (Park.)

Fosberg terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus jantan Wistar.

2. Pengaruh kontrol ekstrak etanol Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg untuk

mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus

3. Pengaruh pemberian pada ekstrak etanol Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg

pada pengecatan histologis pankreas yang lebih spesifik, seperti antibodi antiinsulin, gomori, dan imunohistokimia.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Adewole, S.O.,Martins, E. A. C.,and Ojewole, J. A. O., 2007, Protective Effect

of Quersetin On The Morphology of Pancreatic -Cells of

Streptozotocin-Treated Diabetic Rats, African Journal of Traditional

Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4 (1), 64 – 74.

Aguirre, L., Noemi Arias, M., Teresa M., Ana, G., and Maria P. P., 2011,

Beneficial Effects of Quersetin on Obesity and Diabetes, The Open

Nutraceuticals Journal, 4, 189-198.

Akbarzadeh, A., Norouzian, D., Mehrabi, M.R., Jamshidi, Farhangi, A., Allah A.,

Verdi, et al., 2007, Induction of Diabetes by Streptozotocin in Rats,

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 22 (2), 60-64.

American Diabetes Association, 2007, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes

Mellitus, Diabetes Care, 35 Suppl. 1, S64.

Anonim, 2009, Care of the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus, American Optometric

Association, USA, pp. 3.

Astuti, P.,Mulyani S., Laksmindra F., dan Sismindari S., 2001, Level Insulin of

Diabetic Rat Model by Streptozotocin-induced, Research Paper, Gadjah

Mada University, Yogyakarta.

Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI, 2005, Stamdarisasi Ekstrak Tumbuhan

Obat Indonesia, Salah Satu Tahapan Penting dalam Pengembangan Obat Asli Indonesia, Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI, pp. 5.

Boorman, G.A., and Beth, W.G., 1999, Pathology of the Mouse, Cache River

Press, USA, pp.191.

Chandrika,U. G., Wedage,W.S., Wickramasinghe,S. M. D. N and Fernando,W. S.,

2006, Hypoglycaemic Action of The Flavonoid Fraction of Artocarpus

Heterophyllus Leaf, African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 3, No. 2, 42 – 50.

Coskun, O., Mehmet, K., Ahmet, K., Sukru, O., 2005, Quersetin, a Flavonoid

Antioxidant, Prevents and Protects Streptozotocin-induced Oxidative

Stress and -cell Damage in Rat Pancreas, Pharmacological Research,

51, 117–123.

Craig, M. E., Hattersley, A, and Donaghue, K.C., 2009, Definition, Epidemiology

and Classification of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Diabetes, 10 (Suppl. 12), 3–12.

Delaney, C.A.J, DVM, Dipl ABVP-Avian, 2008, Exotic Companion Medicine

Hanbook for Veterinarians, Zoological Education Network, Washington,

Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 25.

Direktorat Jenderal, 2005, Pharmaceutical Care untuk Penyakit Diabetes,

Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, hal 14-15.

Ermin, T, Atmodjo, D, Winarno, dan Soemantri, A.G., 1991, Penatalaksanaan

Kegawatan Neonates, Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, hal. 46-90.

Etuk, E. U., 2010, Animal Models for Studying Dabetes Mellitus, Agriculture and

Biology Journal of North America, Nigeria. 1 (2), 130-134.

Ganong W.F., 1995, Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. 14th ed, EGC, Jakarta, pp.

313-4.

Gustina, N. M. R. A., 2012, Aktivitas Ekstrak, Fraksi Pelarut, dan Senyawa

Flavonoid Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) terhadap Enzim α-Glukosida

sebagai Antidiabetes, Tesis, ITB, Bogor, pp.7-10.

Guz, Y., Irem, N., and Gladys, T., 2001, Regeneration of Pancreatic Cells from Intra-Islet Precursor Cells in an Experimental Model of Diabetes, Endocrinology, 142(11), 4956–4968.

Hanasaki, Y, Ogawa S, and Fukui S., 1994, The Correlation Between Active

Oxygen Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Flavonoids, Free

Radical Biology and Medicine Journal, 16, 845-850.

Harborne, J., 1987, Phytochemical Methods, diterjemahkan oleh Kosasih

Padmawinat dan Iwang Soediro, Edisi II, Penerbit ITB, Bandung, pp.34.

Holt, R. I. G., and Hanley, N.A., 2007, Essential, Endocrinology and Diabetes

(Essentials), Willey-Blackwell, New York, pp. 28-35.

Jackson R., Knisley D., McIntosh C., Pfeiffer P., 2011, Predicting Flavonoid UGT

Regioselectivity, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Advances in

Bioinformatics. Volume 2011.

Kaufman, Peter B., 1999, Natural Products from Plants, CRC Press LLC, USA,

pp. 22-23.

Kearns J., Merrigan J., and Schork J.S., 2003, Artificial Pancreas, http://www.medicine.tcd.ie, diakses pada tanggal 18 Juli 2014.

Kim, J.D., Seock, M. K., Bu, I. S,, Hae, Y. C., Yun,C., Hong S. C., and Sae, K., 2006, Anti-diabetic Activity of SMK001, a Poly Herbal Formula in

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats: Therapeutic Study, Biological and

Lakhanpal, P., and Deepak, K.R., 2007, Kuersetin: A Versatile Flavonoid, Internet

Journal of Medical Update, Vol. 2, No. 2.

Lamson, D., Matthew, S., and Brignall, 2000, Antioxidant and Cancer III:

Quersetin, Alternative Medicine Review, 5(3), 196-208.

Lanywati, E., 2006, Diabetes Mellitus Penyakit Kencing Manis, Kanisius,

Yogyakarta, hal. 30.

Latief, A., 2012, Obat Tradisional, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC,

Jakarta,hal.1-5.

Lenzen, S., 2008, The Mechanisms of Alloxan-and Streptozotocin-Induced

Diabetes, Diabetologia, 51 (2), 216-226.

Longnecker, D., 2014, Anatomy and Histology of the Pancreas, Department of

Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, pp. 1-2.

Lukacinova, Mojzis, J., Benacka, R., Keller, J., Maguth, T., Kurila, P., Vasko, L.,

Racz, O., and Nistiar,F., 2008, Preventive Effects of Flavonoids on

Alloxan-induce Diabetes Mellitus in Rats, Acta Veterinaria Brno, 77,

175-182.

Marianne, Yuandani, and Rosnani, 2011, Antidiabetic Activity from Ethanol Extract of Kluwih’s Leaf (Artocarpus comansi), Jurnal Natural, Vol.11, No.2.

McPhee, S.J. and William, F.G., 2007, Patofisiologi Penyakit : Pengantar Menuju

Kedokteran Klinis, Ed. 5, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, hal. 464-490, 557-572.

Michael, H., Kaye, Gordon, I., Pawlina, and Wojciech, 2002, Histology: A Text

and Atlas, 4th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 552-556.

Murray, R.K., Daryl, K.G., and Victor, W.R., 2005, Biokimia Harper, Edisi 27,

Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, hal. 582-593.

Mustafa, A.M.,1998, Isi kandungan Artocarpus communis. Food Science, 9, 23.

Nublah, 2011, Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Penurun Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Hiperglikemi pada

Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg.), Tesis, 78-82

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogayakarta.

Nugroho, AE., 2006, Hewan Percobaan Diabetes Mellitus : Patologi dan

Mekanisme Aksi Diabetogenik, Biodiversitas, Vol (7), 378-382.

Nurachman, E., dan Rida, A., 2010, Dasar-dasar Anatomi Fisiologi, Salemba

Pathak, S., Helge, C. D., Vladimir, S.B., and Daan, M.F.V.A, 2008, Chemical Dissection of the Link Between Streptozotocin, O-GlcNAc, and

Pancreatic Cell Death, Chemistry & Biology Article, 15, 799-807.

Pham, N.A., Pham, T.N.T., Mai, D.T., and Le, T.D., 2011, Nghiên cứu thành

phần hoá học lá cây sa kê Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosberg, Chemistry

magazine, 49, 87-91.

Pitojo, S.,1992. Budi Daya Sukun. Kanisius. Yogayakarta. Hal. 11-21.

Price, S.A., and Loraine, M.W., 1997, Patofisiology: Clinical Concepts of Disease

Processes, Michigan : Mosby, pp. 103.

Ragbetli, C., and Ebubekir, C., 2010, Effect of Streptozotocin on Biochemical

Parameters in Rats, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Turkey, 22, 2375-2378.

Ragone, 2006, Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit), Species Profiles for Pacific Island

Agroforestry, www. Traditioanltree.org, pp. 2-3, diakses pada tanggal 22 September 2013.

Ramadhani, A. N., 2009, Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis) terhadap Larva Artemia Salina Leach dengan

Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST), Karya Tulis Ilmiah, Fakultas

Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Raman V., Sudhahar, D., and Anandarajagopal, K., 2012, Preliminary Phytochemical Inverstigation and Screening of Antimicrobila Activity of

Leaf Extracts of Artocarpus altilis, Asian Journal of Biological and Life

Sciences, Vol 1, Issue 2.

Ramesh, B., and K.V. Pugalendi., 2006, Antyhipergycemic Effect of

Umbelliferone in Streptozotocine-Diabetic Rats, Journal Medicine and

Food, 9(4),562-6.

Robinson, T., 1995, The Constituent of Higher Plants, diterjemahkan oleh

Kosasih Padmawinat dan Iwang Soediro, Edisi 6, Penerbit ITB, Bandung, pp. 191-213.

Scobie, I. N., 2007, Atlas of Diabetes Mellitus, Third Edition, Informa Healthcare,

UK, pp. 1-2, 6-7, 9-11.

Sherwood, L., 2009, Fisiologi Manusia : Dari Sel ke Sistem, Ed. 6, Penerbit Buku

Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta, pp. 781-784, 788. Terjemahan dari human physilogy :from cells to system, 6th Ed. Penerjemah dr. Brahm U. Pendit. Sidsesha, J.M., Nataraju, A., and Bannikuppe, S.V., 2011, Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of In Vitro Angiotensin-converting Enzyme

Inhibitory Activity of Artocarpus altilis Leaf, Natural Product Research:

Stanfield, C.L., 2011, Principle of Human Physiology, 4th Ed., Pearson Education, Inc, San Fransisco, pp. 612-613.

Syah, Y.M., Achmad, S.A., Bakhriar, E., Hakim, E.H., Juliawaty, L.D., dan Latip,

J., 2006, Dua flavonoid Tergeranilasi dari Daun Sukun (Artocarpus

altilis), Jurnal Matematika dan Sains, Vol.11, No. 3.

Szkudelski, T., 2001, The Mechanism Of Alloxan And Streptozotocin Action In β

Cells Of The Rat Pancreas, Physiology Research, 50, 536-54.

Triplitt, C.L., Reasner, C.A., and Isley, W.L., 2008, Pharmacotherapy : A

Pathophysiology Approach, Mc Graw Hill, New York, pp. 1205-1238.

Watkins, P. J., 2003, ABC of Diabetes, Fifth Edition, BMJ Books, London, pp. 2.

Widowati, L., Dzulkarnain, B., dan Sa’roni, 1997, Tanaman Obat untuk

Diabetes Mellitus, Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, No. 116, Jakarta, hal.53-

60.

Wijayanti, M., 2013, Antidiabetes Ekstrak Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans

Poir) Pada Tikus Jantan Wistar Yang Diinduksi Sterptozotocin, Skripsi,

Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta.

Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., and King, H., 2004, Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030, DiabetesCare, 27, 1047-1053.

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Surat pengesahan Medical and Health Research Ethics Committe (MHREC)

Lampiran 2. Surat pengesahan determinasi serbuk daun Artocarpus altilis

Dokumen terkait