Saran - KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN - SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA KOMPLEKS DARI ION LOGAM Cu(II

BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.2 Saran

Perlu dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan sel kanker lain agar diperoleh data yang lebih spesifik mengenai sitotoksisitas senyawa kompleks Cu(II)-2,4,5-trifenilimidazol.

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LAMPIRAN A

PROSEDUR SINTESIS KOMPLEKS

A.1 Sintesis Kompleks Cu(II) dengan 2,4,5-trifenilimidazol

CuCl₂.2H₂O + DMF - Dimasukkan gelas kimia

2,4,5-trifenilimidazol + DMF

Campuran logam-ligan dengan stoikiometri 1:2

- Dioven suhu 120°C selama 3 jam Larutan

Padatan

- Dikeringkan - Dihitung rendemen - Dianalisis lebih lanjut Padatan kompleks kering

Filtrat - Disimpan di suhu ruang selama 7 hari

Tidak Ya

Filtrat Padatan Kompleks

Analisis rumus molekul kompleks (elemental analyzer, SSA, TGA) Karakterisasi

IR dan UV-Vis

Uji Toksisitas dengan metode MTT

Data(IC₅₀)

Data Data

A.2 Perhitungan Rendemen Kompleks

CuCl₂.2H₂O + 2 C₂₁H₁₆N₂ kompleks 0,20 mmol 0,40 mmol

0,20 mmol 0,40 mmol 0,20 mmol

─ ─ 0,20 mmol

 Mol kompleks teoritis = 0,20 mmol

 Massa molekul relatif senyawa kompleks = 466,54 gram/mol

 Sehingga massa kompleks secara teoritis = 0,20 mmol x 762,54 gram/mol = 152,508 mg

= 0,152508 gram

 Massa senyawa kompleks hasil sintesis = 0,11 gram

 % rendemen = x 100% = x 100%

LAMPIRAN B

VARIASI KONTINU DAN PENENTUAN MASSA CuCl

.2H

O

DAN LIGAN 2,4,5-TRIFENILIMIDAZOL

B.1 Variasi Kontinu Senyawa Kompleks Cu(II) dengen 2,4,5-trifenilimidazol

Penentuan Panjang Gelombang Grafik Variasi Kontinu

y1 = 2,773x + 0,0463 y2 = -1,155x + 1,1552 y1 = y2 2,773x + 0,0463 = -1,155x + 1,1552 2,773x + 1,155x = 1,1552 + 0,0463 x = x = 0,2823

B.2 Penentuan Massa Logam CuCl2.2H2O dan Ligan 2,4,5-trifenilimidazol  Hasil variasi kontinu diperoleh fraksi mol logam = 0,2823, dimana

: Maka :

Jadi perbandingan logam : ligan = 1:2

 Massa CuCl2.2H₂O = Mr x mol

= 170,54 x 1 mmol = 170,54 mg

= 0,17054 g

Fraksi Mol Absorbansi

0 0 0.1 0.347 0.3 0.809 0.5 0.578 0.7 0.347 0.9 0.116 1 0

 Massa 2,4,5-trifenilimidazol = Mr x mol

= 296,37 x 1 mmol = 296,37 mg = 0,29637 g

LAMPIRAN C

LAMPIRAN D

LAMPIRAN E

- Hasil Analisis penentuan C, H, N kompleks

%C %N %H

66,2751 7,3861 4,7284

- Prediksi rumus molekul kompleks:

No. Struktur Kompleks ^Mr

(gr/mol) ^%C ^%N ^%H

1. [Cu(L)2(Cl)2] 726,540 69,370 7,708 4,404 2. [Cu(L)2(H2O)2].Cl2 762,540 66,095 7,344 4,721 3. [Cu(L)2(Cl)2(H2O)].Cl 744,540 67,693 7,521 4,567

- Perhitungan rumus molekul kompleks 1. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)₂(Cl)₂] % C = x 100 % = 69,370 % % N = x 100 % = 7,708 % % H = x 100 % = 4,404 % 2. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)2(H2O)2].Cl2 % C = x 100 % = 66,095 % % N = x 100 % = 7,344 % % H = x 100 % = 4,721 % 3. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)₂(Cl)₂(H₂O)].Cl % C = x 100 % = 67,693 % % N = x 100 % = 7,521 % % H = x 100 % = 4,567 %

LAMPIRAN F

ANALISIS SPEKTROSKOPI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)

F.1 Perhitungan % Cu Prediksi Rumus Molekul Kompleks

1. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)2(Cl)2] % Cu = x 100 % = 8,746 % 2. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)₂(H₂O)₂].Cl₂ % Cu = x 100 % = 8,333 % 3. [Cu(2,4,5-trifenilimidazol)₂(Cl)₂(H₂O)].Cl % Cu = x 100 % = 8,534 %

F.2 Perhitungan % Cu Hasil AAS

Pembuatan larutan standar Cu Mr CuCl₂.2H₂O = 170,54 g/mol a. Larutan standar 100 ppm (mg/L) 100 mg/L = x massa 100 mg/L = x massa 63,54 x massa = 17054 mg/L Massa = 268,3979 mg/L = 0,2683979 g/L = 0,0134 g/50 mL

b. Pengenceran larutan standar 100 mg/L menjadi konsentrasi 0,1 mg/L; 0,2 mg/L; 0,4 mg/L; 0,8 mg/L; dan 1,6 mg/L  0,1 mg/L, M₁ x V₁ = M₂ x V₂ 100 mg/L x V₁= 0,1 mg/L x 50 ml V1 = 0,05 ml  0,2 mg/L, M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 100 mg/L x V1 = 0,2 mg/L x 50 ml V1 = 0,1 ml  0,4 mg/L, M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 100 mg/L x V1 = 0,4 mg/L x 50 ml V₁ = 0,2 ml

 0,8 mg/L, M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 100 mg/L x V1 = 0,8 mg/L x 50 ml V1 = 0,4 ml  1,6 mg/L, M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 100 mg/L x V1 = 1,6 mg/L x 50 ml V1 = 0,8 ml

Tabel 1. Data absorbansi Cu dalam larutan standar Konsentrasi (mg/L) Absorbansi 0 0,0000 0,1 0,0181 0,2 0,0359 0,4 0,0697 0,8 0,1366 1,6 0,2697

Gambar 1. Kurva Kalibrasi Larutan Standar Tabel 2. Data absorbansi Cu dalam larutan sampel (kompleks)

Cuplikan Konsentrasi (mg/L) Absorbansi

Sampel 0,2484 0,0432

Persamaan regresi linier: y = ax + b y = 0,168x + 0,0015 Konsentrasi sampel y = 0,168x + 0,0015 0,0432 = 0,168x + 0,0015 x = 0,2484 y = 0.168x + 0.0015 R² = 0.9999 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Absorbansi Linear (Absorbansi) Konsentrasi (mg/L) Absorbansi

Massa sampel terukur = = 1,699 mg Kadar (%) Cu dalam sampel

LAMPIRAN G

LAMPIRAN H

PERHITUNGAN IC

DENGAN METODE MTT

H.1 Hasil Perhitungan Uji MTT Senyawa Kompleks Cu(II)-2,4,5-trifenilimidazol

Tabel 3. Data Hasil Uji Metode MTT Kompleks Cu(II) dengan Ligan

2,4,5-trifenilimidazol No. Kontrol Medium Kontrol Sel 50 µg/mL 25 µg/mL 12.5 µg/mL 6.25 µg/mL 3.13 µg/mL 1.56 µg/mL 1 0,038 0,588 0,387 0,400 0,444 0,452 0,473 0,488 2 0,036 0,582 0,355 0,407 0,437 0,460 0,469 0,491 Jumlah 0,074 1,170 0,742 0,807 0,881 0,912 0,942 0,979 Rataan 0,037 0,585 0,371 0,404 0,441 0,456 0,471 0,490 Jumlah % Sel Hidup 60,949 66,880 73,631 76,460 79,197 82,573

Gambar 2. Kurva Uji MTT Kompleks Cu(II)-2,4,5-trifenilimidazol

Perhitungan nilai IC₅₀kompleks y = -0,4189x + 80,154 IC50 = -0,4189x + 80,154

dengan memasukkan nilai 50 sebagai IC50, maka: 50 = -0,4189x + 80,154 50 – 80,154 = -0,418x -30,154 = -0,418x x = 72,139 µg/mL (nilai IC50) y = -0.4189x + 80.154 R² = 0.9284 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 20 40 60 % Jumlah Sel Hidup Linear (% Jumlah Sel Hidup) Konsentrasi µg/mL % Jumlah Sel Hidup

H.2 Foto Mikroplate Sebelum Direaksikan dengan MTT

Keterangan:

Sumuran yang berkotak kuning berisi sel kanker payudara T74D dan senyawa kompleks Cu(II)-trifenilimidazol dengan variasi konsentrasi 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25; 3,13; dan 1,56 µg/mL.

H.3 Foto Mikroplate Setelah Direaksikan dengan MTT

Keterangan:

Sumuran yang berkotak kuning berisi sel kanker payudara T74D dan senyawa kompleks Cu(II)-trifenilimidazol dengan variasi konsentrasi 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25; 3,13; dan 1,56 µg/mL setalah direaksikan dengan MTT.

H.4 Foto Sel Kanker Payudara T74D

H.5 Foto Sel Kanker Payudara T74D Setelah Diberi Perlakuan

1.56 µg/mL 3.13 µg/mL 6.25 µg/mL

BIODATA PENULIS

Penulis memiliki nama lengkap Teguh Hari Sucipto, lahir di Desa Jajar, Kecamatan Wates, Kabupaten Kediri pada 06 Mei 1990 dan merupakan anak terakhir dari 3 bersaudara. Penulis telah menempuh pendidikan formalnya di TK Dharma Wanita Desa Jajar (1996), SDN Jajar I (2002), SLTPN 2 Wates (2005), SMUN 3 Kediri (2008). Jenjang pendidikan S1 diselesaikan di Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga (UA) pada Tahun 2012. Pada Studi S1 penulis mengambil bidang minat kimia analitik dengan judul skripsi “Analysis of N-nitrosodiprophylamines carcinogenic compound in meat-processing using Headspace-Single Drop Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (HS-SDME-GC-FID)” dibawah bimbingan Dr. rer. nat. Ganden Supriyanto, M.Sc. dan Yanuardi Raharjo, S.Si., M.Sc. Pada Tahun 2013 penulis mendapatkan kesempatan untuk menempuh studi S2 di Jurusan Kimia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya melalui jalur Beasiswa Pendidikan Pascasarjana Dalam Negeri (BPP-DN) Dikti. Penulis mengambil bidang minat kimia anorganik dengan judul tesis “Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Kompleks dari Ion Logam Cu(II) dengan Ligan 2,4,5-Trifenilimidazol sebagai Antikanker” dibawah bimbingan Dr. Fahimah Martak, M.Si. Penulis pernah menjalankan Praktek Kerja Lapangan di PT. Semen Gresik Tbk. Gresik Jawa Timur pada Tahun 2011. Selain itu penulis juga bekerja di Laboratorium Dengue, Lembaga Penyakit Tropis, Universitas Airlangga. Penulis dapat dihubungi melalui alamat email teguhharisucipto@gmail.com.

Dalam dokumen SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA KOMPLEKS DARI ION LOGAM Cu(II) DENGAN LIGAN 2,4,5-TRIFENILIMIDAZOL SEBAGAI ANTIKANKER (Halaman 57-88)