1. Penggunaan senyawa model lain seperti parasetamol yang dapat menimbulkan
kerusakan hati.
2. Penelitian terhadap dosis ekstrak etanol kulit buah P. americana dibawah 0,35
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Lampiran 1. Foto kulit dan biji buah Persea americana Mill.
Lampiran 3. Foto ekstrak kental kulit buah Persea americana Mill.
Lampiran 6. Surat pengesahan Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee
Lampiran 7. Hasil pengujian kadar air serbuk simplisia kulit buah Persea americana Mill.
Lampiran 8. Analisis statistik aktivitas serum ALT pada uji pendahuluan penentuan waktu pencuplikan darah
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum ALT0jam 3 72.3333 10.06645 63.00 83.00 ALT24jam 3 2.1733E2 4.72582 212.00 221.00 ALT48jam 3 90.3333 6.50641 84.00 97.00
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
ALT0jam ALT24jam ALTT48jam
N 3 3 3
Normal Parametersa Mean 72.3333 217.3333 90.3333 Std. Deviation 10.06645 4.72582 6.50641 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .219 .304 .187 Positive .219 .219 .187 Negative -.189 -.304 -.181 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .380 .527 .324 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .999 .944 1.000 a. Test distribution is Normal.
Descriptives ALT N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound Jam 0 3 72.3333 10.06645 5.81187 47.3269 97.3398 63.00 83.00 Jam 24 3 2.1733E2 4.72582 2.72845 205.5938 229.0729 212.00 221.00 Jam 48 3 90.3333 6.50641 3.75648 74.1705 106.4961 84.00 97.00 Total 9 1.2667E2 68.74773 22.91591 73.8225 179.5108 63.00 221.00
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
ALT
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. .742 2 6 .515
ANOVA
SGPT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 37478.000 2 18739.000 338.657 .000 Within Groups 332.000 6 55.333
Total 37810.000 8
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons ALT Scheffe (I) perlakua n (J) perlakua n Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Jam 0 Jam 24 -145.00000* 6.07362 .000 -164.4797 -125.5203 Jam 48 -18.00000 6.07362 .067 -37.4797 1.4797 Jam 24 Jam 0 145.00000* 6.07362 .000 125.5203 164.4797 Jam 48 127.00000* 6.07362 .000 107.5203 146.4797 Jam 48 Jam 0 18.00000 6.07362 .067 -1.4797 37.4797 Jam 24 -127.00000* 6.07362 .000 -146.4797 -107.5203 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Homogeneous Subsets ALT
Scheffe
perlakua
n N
Subset for alpha = 0.05 1 2 Jam 0 3 72.3333 Jam 48 3 90.3333 Jam 24 3 217.3333 Sig. .067 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Lampiran 9. Analisis statistik kadar albumin perlakuan ekstrak etanol kulit buah P. americana Mill. setelah induksi karbon tetraklorida dosis 2mL/kg BB
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum kontrol_ccl4 5 2.9160 .16319 2.76 3.17 kontrol_oliveoil 5 3.6280 .14025 3.44 3.77 kontrol_sediaan 5 3.5720 .03701 3.53 3.62 dosisI 5 3.3060 .16502 3.15 3.49 dosisII 5 3.0400 .13693 2.88 3.19 dosisIII 5 3.2800 .15540 3.18 3.55
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
kontrol _ccl4
kontrol_ oliveoil
kontrol_
sediaan dosisI dosisII dosisIII
N 5 5 5 5 5 5 Normal Parametersa Mean 2.9160 3.6280 3.5720 3.3060 3.0400 3.2800 Std. Deviation .16319 .14025 .03701 .16502 .13693 .15540 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .187 .190 .227 .320 .269 .326 Positive .187 .158 .227 .320 .229 .326 Negative -.170 -.190 -.175 -.254 -.269 -.260 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .419 .425 .508 .715 .602 .728 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .995 .994 .959 .687 .861 .664 a. Test distribution is Normal.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances albumin Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. 1.871 5 24 .137 ANOVA albumin Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1.982 5 .396 20.195 .000 Within Groups .471 24 .020 Total 2.454 29 Oneway Descriptives albumin N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minim um Maxim um Lower Bound Upper Bound kontrol ccl4 5 2.9160 .16319 .07298 2.7134 3.1186 2.76 3.17 kontrol oliveoil 5 3.6280 .14025 .06272 3.4539 3.8021 3.44 3.77 kontrol sediaan 5 3.5720 .03701 .01655 3.5260 3.6180 3.53 3.62 dosis I 5 3.3060 .16502 .07380 3.1011 3.5109 3.15 3.49 dosis II 5 3.0400 .13693 .06124 2.8700 3.2100 2.88 3.19 dosis III 5 3.2800 .15540 .06950 3.0870 3.4730 3.18 3.55 Total 30 3.2903 .29088 .05311 3.1817 3.3989 2.76 3.77
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
albumin Scheffe
(I) kelompok (J) kelompok
Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound kontrol ccl4 kontrol oliveoil -.71200 * .08862 .000 -1.0328 -.3912 kontrol sediaan -.65600 * .08862 .000 -.9768 -.3352 dosis I -.39000* .08862 .010 -.7108 -.0692 dosis II -.12400 .08862 .850 -.4448 .1968 dosis III -.36400* .08862 .019 -.6848 -.0432 kontrol oliveoil kontrol ccl4 .71200* .08862 .000 .3912 1.0328 kontrol sediaan .05600 .08862 .995 -.2648 .3768 dosis I .32200* .08862 .049 .0012 .6428 dosis II .58800* .08862 .000 .2672 .9088 dosis III .34800* .08862 .027 .0272 .6688 kontrol sediaan kontrol ccl4 .65600* .08862 .000 .3352 .9768 kontrol oliveoil -.05600 .08862 .995 -.3768 .2648 dosis I .26600 .08862 .151 -.0548 .5868 dosis II .53200* .08862 .000 .2112 .8528 dosis III .29200 .08862 .091 -.0288 .6128 dosis I kontrol ccl4 .39000* .08862 .010 .0692 .7108 kontrol oliveoil -.32200 * .08862 .049 -.6428 -.0012 kontrol sediaan -.26600 .08862 .151 -.5868 .0548 dosis II .26600 .08862 .151 -.0548 .5868 dosis III .02600 .08862 1.000 -.2948 .3468 dosis II kontrol ccl4 .12400 .08862 .850 -.1968 .4448
kontrol oliveoil -.58800 * .08862 .000 -.9088 -.2672 kontrol sediaan -.53200 * .08862 .000 -.8528 -.2112 dosis I -.26600 .08862 .151 -.5868 .0548 dosis III -.24000 .08862 .237 -.5608 .0808 dosis III kontrol ccl4 .36400*
.08862 .019 .0432 .6848 kontrol oliveoil -.34800 * .08862 .027 -.6688 -.0272 kontrol sediaan -.29200 .08862 .091 -.6128 .0288 dosis I -.02600 .08862 1.000 -.3468 .2948 dosis II .24000 .08862 .237 -.0808 .5608 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05
level.
Homogeneous Subsets
albumin
Scheffe
kelompok N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4 kontrol ccl4 5 2.9160 dosis II 5 3.0400 3.0400 dosis III 5 3.2800 3.2800 dosis I 5 3.3060 3.3060 kontrol sediaan 5 3.5720 3.5720 kontrol oliveoil 5 3.6280 Sig. .850 .151 .091 .995 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Lampiran 10. Hasil rendemen ekstrak etanol kulit buah P. americana
Tabel V. Hasil rendemen ekstrak etanol kulit buah P. americana
Ket (gram) C-1 C- 2 C- 3 C- 4 C- 5 C- 6 C-7,8 C- 9.10 Cawan kosong 58,8 48,9 36,6 52,6 59,0 56,7 65,0 65,7 Cawan+eks trak 64,1 53,6 42,9 58,3 64,2 61,3 68,7 75,0 Rendemen 5,3 4,7 6,3 5,7 5,2 4,6 3,7 9,3 Keterangan : C adalah cawan
Rata-rata rendemen = 𝑟𝑒𝑝 1+𝑟𝑒𝑝 2+𝑟𝑒𝑝 3+𝑟𝑒𝑝 4+𝑟𝑒𝑝 5+𝑟𝑒𝑝6+𝑟𝑒𝑝7+𝑟𝑒𝑝8+𝑟𝑒𝑝9+𝑟𝑒𝑝10 10
= 5,3+4,7+6,3+5,7+5,2+4,6+3,7+9,3 10
= 4,48 gram
% rendemen ektrak kental = 44,8𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
400 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑥 100% = 11,20 %
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 400 gram serbuk kering kulit buah P.
americana menghasilkan 10 cawan ekstrak kental. Rata-rata rendemen setiap cawan
4,48 gram ekstrak kental. Pada pembuatan 400 gram serbuk kering kulit buah P.
americana menghasilkan 44,8 gram ekstrak kental, dengan rendemen 11,20 %.
Lampiran 11. Bobot pengeringan ekstrak etanol kulit buah Persea americana Mill. sampai terbentuk ekstrak kental
Tabel VI. Bobot pengeringan ekstrak etanol kulit P. americana Berat cawan kosong (gram) Jam ke 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 48,9 Berat ekstrak (gram) 58,5 54,9 54,1 53,8 53,7 53,6 53,6 36,6 51,0 45,1 43,7 43,2 43,0 42,9 42,9 59,0 71,5 66,1 64,9 64,6 64,4 64,2 64,2
BIOGRAFI PENULIS
Penulis skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Pemberian Jangka Pendek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Persea americana Mill. Terhadap Kadar Albumin Pada Tikus Terinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida” memiliki nama lengkap Vivo Puspitasari Ana Maria. Penulis lahir di Bandarlampung pada tanggal 05 Oktober 1993, merupakan anak pertama dari dua bersaudara yang terlahir dari pasangan Tarsisius Suwahyo dan MM Yuli Suharyanti. Penulis mengawali masa pendidikannya di TK Fransiskus Tanjungkarang (1997-1999) kemudian melanjutkan pendidikan tingkat Sekolah Dasar di SD Fransiskus 1 Tanjungkarang (1999-2005). Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Pertama ditempuh di SMP Fransiskus Tanjungkarang (2005-2008), kemudian dilanjutkan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas di SMA Negeri 2 Bandarlampung (2008-2011). Penulis kemudian melanjutkan pendidikan sarjana di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta pada tahun 2011. Pada saat menempuh kuliah, penulis aktif dalam berbagai organisasi serta perlombaan. Penulis pernah menjadi Volunteer pada kegiatan Desa Mitra (2012), anggota Sie-Liturgi dalam kegiatan Peryaan Ekaristi Kampus (2012), kordinator seksi Pubpensek pada Pharmacy Perfomance and Event
Cup (2012), Latihan Kepemimpinan (2013), Penulis Artikel 3rd News Letter ISMAFARSI (2013), panitia CPD dengan tema Peran Apoteker dalam “Holistic
Care” bagi penyandang Diabetes Melitus (2013), peserta pada LKTMF ISMAFARSI
(2013), Ketua Redaksi tim majalah Pharmaholic (2013/2014), Sekretaris pada acara
Pharmacy Perfomance Road to School (2013), Asisten praktikum Farmasi Fisika
(2013/2014), kordinator Divisi Media Farmasi (2013/2014), lolos Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa yang dibiayi Dikti (2013).