NERI KAUTSAR
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR 2013
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RINGKASAN
NERI KAUTSARI. Potensi dan Karakteristik Natrium Alginat Padina australis
pada Kondisi Lingkungan Perairan yang Berbeda d i Kabupaten Sumbawa. Dibimbing oleh ARIO DAMAR dan JOKO SANTOSO.
Alginat merupakan komponen utama penyusun dinding sel rumput laut coklat yang tersusun atas asam alginat, mannuronat dan galakturonat. Alginat
merupakan bahan baku yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh beberapa industri sebagai pengatur keseimbangan, pengemulsi dan pembentuk lapisan tipis tahan minyak
Padina australis yang termasuk salah satu rumput laut coklat yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber alginat, tumbuh di sepanjang perairan Kabupaten Sumbawa. Rumput laut tersebut hidup pada beberapa karakteristik lingkungan perairan yang berbeda diantaranya di daerah intertidal di pa ntai berbatu dan pada beberapa perairan lainnya yang memiliki substrat berpasir dan kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa dan kandungan alginat rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyta) bervariasi secara temporal dan spasial yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan faktor fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan. Informasi dan kajian mengenai parameter lingkungan yang mempengaruhi biomassa dan kandungan alginat pada rumput laut coklat masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter fisika kimia dan lokasi yang mendukung kehidupan dan kandungan natrium alginat P. australis.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Oktober 2012 sampai dengan Februari 2013 di perairan Kabupaten Sumbawa. Pengamatan lapang d ilakukan terhadap jumlah individu dan biomassa P. australis dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Parameter fisika kimia perairan yang diamati meliputi suhu, salinitas, kecepatan arus, pH, nitrat, nitrit, amonia, fosfat dan substrat. Pengamatan terhadap kandungan dan karakterisasi natrium alginat dilakukan di laboratorium.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah individu dan jumlah biomassa
P. australis dipengaruhi oleh substrat dan interaksi antara parameter fisika kimia perairan. Kandungan natrium alginat dipengaruhi oleh salinitas perairan. Jumlah biomassa dan kandungan natrium alginat tertinggi diperoleh pada perairan dengan kondisi substrat berbatu, arus 0,40 m s-1, nitrat 1,5 µg.At /l, nitrit 0,06 µg.At/l, ammonia 0,27 µg.At/l, fosfor 0,21 µg.At /l, pH 8, suhu 32°C dan salinitas 32 psu. Karakteristik natrium alginat P. australis memiliki kadar abu yang cukup tinggi yaitu 38 – 41,76%. Nilai viskositas tergolong rendah (low viscocity) yaitu 25 – 153 cps. Kekuatan gel tergolong rendah yaitu 7,30 – 19,33 g/cm2 dan tidak terdeteksi adanya kandunga Pb.
SUMMARY
NERI KAUTSARI. Potency and Characteristics Natrium Alginate of Padina australis from Different Location in Sumbawa. Supervised by ARIO DAMAR and JOKO SANTOSO.
Alginate is the main content of the cell wall of brown algae and is mainly consisted of β-D mannuronic acid and α-L guluronic acid units. Extracts of alginate play a key role in food industries, textiles, health and cosmetics. In food industry, alginates are used to stabilize mixtures dispersions and emulsions, which increase viscosity and forms gel, such as jam and jellies. Alginates can be used in the manufacture of soft capsules and consumed as a beverage for lowering blood sugar level. In the textile industry, alginate is used as an additive for textile dye.
Padina australis is one of brown algae which mostly found in Sumbawa coastal waters. This species has potential as a raw material for alginate prod uction. Differences in P. australis habitat may influence the alginate content as weel as characteristics. Several studies have shown that biomass and alginate content of brown algae are different on temporal and spatial scale. Spatial and temporal variations of biomass and alginate content are determined by differences in several physical and biological factors. Information and studies about the enviromental factor affecting biomass and alginate content of brown seaweed is rarely performed. Therefore, this study aims to determine the physical chemical parameters and location are appropriate for life and alginate content of Padina australis.
Data were collected in the period between October 2012 to February 2013. Transect square method and visual observation was applied to determine condition of P. australis. Water parameters were analyzed in situ and in laboratory. Data analysis using analysis of varians (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were performed.
The result shows that biomass and alginate content of Padina australis is significantly influenced by interaction of physical and chemical enviromental factor. Padina australis grew in station 1 on October had the highest biomass and alginate content with characteristics of physical and chemical enviromental were hard substrate, current 0,40 m s-1, nitrate 1,5 µg.At/l, nitrite 0,06 µg.At/l, ammonia 0,27 µg.At /l, phosphorus 0,21 µg.At /l, pH 8, temperature 32 °C and salinity 32 psu.
Ash content of alginate (38,48 – 41,76%) of Padina australis at all three stations were high considered, the value of viscosity (25 – 153 cps) is low viscosity, gel strength (7,30 – 19,33 g/cm2) is categorized as low and no detectable presence of Pb contents.