Simpulan
Hasil dalam dan antara ketiga tindakan autotransfusi darah pada penelitian
ini tidak mempengaruhi semua perubahan aktivitas jantung dalam
elektrokardiogram. Perbedaan nyata di antara kelompok terlihat pada amplitudo P saat babi teranestesi sempurna, serta nilai durasi P dan amplitudo R pada saat awal
recovery. Perbedaan nyata dalam waktu pengamatan terlihat pada interval QT dan durasi P kelompok AIP saat awal recovery dan H+7, namun semua perbedaan nilai tersebut masih berada dalam batasan normal. Pada sadapan II kertas EKG ditemukan gelombang T yang sangat tinggi dan ditemukan juga bahwa pada kelompok AIP terjadi bradikardi. Secara umum semua perbedaan yang terjadi pada perlakuan tersebut tidak menunjukkan gangguan yang berarti dalam konduktifitas listrik jantung jika diantisipasi dengan baik, sehingga tindakan autotransfusi darah dapat dikatakan aman bila dilihat dari elektrokardiogramnya.
17
Saran
Perlu dilakukan uji lebih lanjut dengan waktu pengambilan sampel yang lebih terstruktur, misalnya setiap 15 menit atau 30 menit selama jam operasi. Diperlukan juga penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah hewan model yang lebih banyak dan berat badan yang seragam, dengan pembacaan pada sadapan lainnya, dan pengamatan histopatologi jantung setelah tindakan autotransfusi darah.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram kelompok autotransfusi preoperatif pada babi lokal indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. durasiP Between Groups .000 6 .000 1.167 .377
Within Groups .000 14 .000
Total .001 20
amplitudoP Between Groups .007 6 .001 .676 .671 Within Groups .024 14 .002
Total .031 20
intervalPR Between Groups .003 6 .000 1.613 .216 Within Groups .004 14 .000
Total .006 20
durasiQRS Between Groups .000 6 .000 .333 .908 Within Groups .001 14 .000
Total .001 20
amplitudoR Between Groups .174 6 .029 .420 .853 Within Groups .965 14 .069
Total 1.138 20
amplitudoT Between Groups .058 6 .010 .363 .891 Within Groups .376 14 .027
Total .434 20
durasiT Between Groups .004 6 .001 .940 .497 Within Groups .011 14 .001
Total .015 20
durasiQT Between Groups .057 6 .009 .475 .816 Within Groups .279 14 .020
Total .336 20
segmenST Between Groups .072 6 .012 .693 .659 Within Groups .241 14 .017
Total .313 20
heartrate Between Groups 2248.286 6 374.714 .408 .862 Within Groups 12866.000 14 919.000
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Lampiran 2 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram kelompok autotransfusi
intraoperatif sederhana pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. durasiP Between Groups .000 6 .000 .246 .953
Within Groups .002 14 .000
Total .002 20
amplitudoP Between Groups .005 6 .001 .461 .826 Within Groups .025 14 .002
Total .030 20
intervalPR Between Groups .004 6 .001 .375 .883 Within Groups .024 14 .002
Total .028 20
durasiQRS Between Groups .000 6 .000 .289 .932 Within Groups .001 14 .000
Total .001 20
amplitudoR Between Groups .192 6 .032 .916 .512 Within Groups .489 14 .035
Total .681 20
amplitudoT Between Groups .169 6 .028 .242 .955 Within Groups 1.628 14 .116
Total 1.796 20
durasiT Between Groups .003 6 .000 .312 .920 Within Groups .021 14 .001
Total .024 20
durasiQT Between Groups .062 6 .010 1.395 .283 Within Groups .104 14 .007
Total .166 20
segmenST Between Groups .038 6 .006 2.241 .100 Within Groups .039 14 .003
Total .077 20
heartrate Between Groups 2176.476 6 362.746 1.234 .347 Within Groups 4115.333 14 293.952
Total 6291.810 20
Lampiran 3 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram kelompok autotransfusi
intraoperatif pencucian pada babi local Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. durasiP Between Groups .001 6 .000 1.733 .191
Within Groups .001 13 .000
Total .001 19
amplitudoP Between Groups .007 6 .001 .563 .752 Within Groups .027 13 .002
Total .034 19
intervalPR Between Groups .000 6 .000 .066 .998 Within Groups .011 13 .001
Total .011 19
durasiQRS Between Groups .000 6 .000 .096 .996 Within Groups .002 13 .000
Total .002 19
amplitudoR Between Groups .259 6 .043 .980 .477 Within Groups .573 13 .044
Total .832 19
amplitudoT Between Groups .111 6 .019 .840 .561 Within Groups .286 13 .022
Total .397 19
durasiT Between Groups .005 6 .001 .572 .746 Within Groups .018 13 .001
Total .023 19
durasiQT Between Groups .066 6 .011 5.767 .004 Within Groups .025 13 .002
Total .091 19
segmenST Between Groups .042 6 .007 4.649 .010 Within Groups .020 13 .002
Total .062 19
heartrate Between Groups 1967.217 6 327.869 2.629 .068 Within Groups 1621.333 13 124.718
Total 3588.550 19
Post Hoc Tests
Homogeneous Subsets
durasiP
IntraopPencucian N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 Duncana H+7 2 .0400 Pendarahan30% 3 .0433 .0433 PreThoracotomi 3 .0433 .0433 Teranestesi 3 .0467 .0467 PostThoracotomi 3 .0500 .0500 PostTransfusi 3 .0533 .0533 AwalRecovery 3 .0567 Sig. .081 .081
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2,800.
durasiQT
IntraopPencucian N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 4
Duncana PreThoracotomi 3 .3200
H+7 2 .3400
23 Pendarahan30% 3 .3967 .3967 .3967 PostTransfusi 3 .4333 .4333 .4333 PostThoracotomi 3 .4600 .4600 AwalRecovery 3 .4867 Sig. .076 .109 .127 .193
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2,800.
heartrate
IntraopPencucian N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3 Duncana PostTransfusi 3 43.0000 AwalRecovery 3 48.0000 48.0000 Pendarahan30% 3 51.6667 51.6667 51.6667 PostThoracotomi 3 53.3333 53.3333 53.3333 Teranestesi 3 62.0000 62.0000 62.0000 PreThoracotomi 3 69.0000 69.0000 H+7 2 73.0000 Sig. .089 .063 .060
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2,800.
Lampiran 4 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi saat teranestesi sempurna pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. durP Between Groups .000 2 .000 1.750 .252
Within Groups .000 6 .000
Total .000 8
Amplitudo P Between Groups .006 2 .003 4.923 .054 Within Groups .003 6 .001
Total .009 8
Interval PR Between Groups .001 2 .001 .517 .621 Within Groups .008 6 .001
Total .009 8
Durasi QRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 .000 1.000 Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
Amplitudo R Between Groups .141 2 .071 2.649 .150 Within Groups .160 6 .027
Total .301 8
Amplitudo T Between Groups .008 2 .004 .109 .899 Within Groups .233 6 .039
Total .242 8
Durasi T Between Groups .000 2 .000 .076 .928 Within Groups .006 6 .001
Total .006 8
Durasi QT Between Groups .011 2 .006 2.016 .214 Within Groups .017 6 .003
Total .028 8
Segmen ST Between Groups .009 2 .005 7.052 .027 Within Groups .004 6 .001
Total .013 8
Heart rate Between Groups 44.222 2 22.111 .077 .927 Within Groups 1722.667 6 287.111
Total 1766.889 8
Post Hoc Tests
Homogeneous Subsets
Amplitudo P
kelompok N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
Duncana AP 3 .1200 AIS 3 .1200
AIP 3 .1733
Sig. 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000.
Lampiran 5 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi saat pendarahan 30% pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. bleeddurP Between Groups .000 2 .000 .778 .501
Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
bleedamP Between Groups .002 2 .001 .938 .442 Within Groups .005 6 .001
Total .007 8
bleedintrvlPR Between Groups .003 2 .002 2.294 .182 Within Groups .005 6 .001
Total .008 8
bleeddurQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 .583 .587 Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
bleedampR Between Groups .040 2 .020 .235 .797 Within Groups .516 6 .086
Total .556 8
bleedampT Between Groups .010 2 .005 .171 .847 Within Groups .178 6 .030
25
bleeddurT Between Groups .000 2 .000 .339 .725 Within Groups .004 6 .001
Total .005 8
bleeddurQT Between Groups .001 2 .000 .060 .943 Within Groups .048 6 .008
Total .049 8
bleedsegST Between Groups .001 2 .000 .071 .932 Within Groups .035 6 .006
Total .035 8
bleedheartrate Between Groups 2524.667 2 1262.333 1.480 .300 Within Groups 5117.333 6 852.889
Total 7642.000 8
Lampiran 6 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi saat post transfusi pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. transfusidurP Between Groups .001 2 .000 2.778 .140Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
transfusiamP Between Groups .002 2 .001 .558 .599 Within Groups .011 6 .002
Total .013 8
transfusiintrvlPR Between Groups .000 2 .000 .030 .971 Within Groups .009 6 .001
Total .009 8
transfusiurQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 .273 .770 Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
transfusiampR Between Groups .127 2 .063 1.683 .263 Within Groups .226 6 .038
Total .353 8
transfusiampT Between Groups .010 2 .005 .064 .938 Within Groups .455 6 .076
Total .465 8
transfusidurT Between Groups .001 2 .001 .379 .700 Within Groups .011 6 .002
Total .012 8
transfusidurQT Between Groups .008 2 .004 .490 .635 Within Groups .050 6 .008
Total .058 8
transfusisegST Between Groups .027 2 .013 1.379 .322 Within Groups .058 6 .010
transfusiheartrate Between Groups 2426.889 2 1213.444 1.274 .346 Within Groups 5716.667 6 952.778
Total 8143.556 8
Lampiran 7 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi awal
recovery pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. RecoverydurP Between Groups .001 2 .000 10.333 .011Within Groups .000 6 .000
Total .001 8
RecoveryamP Between Groups .003 2 .001 .858 .470 Within Groups .010 6 .002
Total .013 8
RecoveryintrvlPR Between Groups .004 2 .002 2.244 .187 Within Groups .005 6 .001
Total .009 8
RecoverydurQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 .062 .940 Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
RecoveryampR Between Groups .287 2 .143 3.981 .079 Within Groups .216 6 .036
Total .503 8
RecoveryampT Between Groups .109 2 .054 .753 .511 Within Groups .434 6 .072
Total .543 8
RecoverydurT Between Groups .003 2 .001 .978 .429 Within Groups .009 6 .002
Total .012 8
RecoverydurQT Between Groups .007 2 .004 .324 .735 Within Groups .067 6 .011
Total .075 8
RecoverysegST Between Groups .000 2 .000 .013 .987 Within Groups .065 6 .011
Total .065 8
Recoveryheartrate Between Groups 924.667 2 462.333 1.318 .335 Within Groups 2105.333 6 350.889
Total 3030.000 8
Post Hoc Tests
Homogeneous Subsets
RecoverydurP
kelompok N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
27
AIS 3 .0533
AIP 3 .0567
Sig. 1.000 .506
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000.
RecoveryampR
kelompok N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
Duncana AIP 3 .2767
AIS 3 .3600 .3600
AP 3 .6900
Sig. .610 .077
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000.
Lampiran 8 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi saat pretorakotomi pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. PrethodurP Between Groups .000 2 .000 .375 .702Within Groups .001 6 .000
Total .001 8
PrethoamP Between Groups .000 2 .000 .035 .965 Within Groups .013 6 .002
Total .013 8
PrethointrvlPR Between Groups .000 2 .000 .214 .813 Within Groups .003 6 .000
Total .003 8
PrethodurQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 .167 .850 Within Groups .000 6 .000
Total .000 8
PrethoampR Between Groups .079 2 .040 1.121 .386 Within Groups .212 6 .035
Total .291 8
PrethoampT Between Groups .093 2 .046 .999 .422 Within Groups .278 6 .046
Total .371 8
PrethodurT Between Groups .000 2 .000 .176 .842 Within Groups .003 6 .001
Total .004 8
PrethodurQT Between Groups .033 2 .017 .812 .487 Within Groups .122 6 .020
Total .156 8
PrethosegST Between Groups .026 2 .013 1.047 .407 Within Groups .073 6 .012
PrethoHR Between Groups 338.667 2 169.333 1.161 .375 Within Groups 875.333 6 145.889
Total 1214.000 8
Lampiran 9 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi saat post torakotomi pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. PostThodurP Between Groups .000 2 .000 1.500 .296Within Groups .000 6 .000
Total .001 8
PostThoampP Between Groups .001 2 .000 .108 .900 Within Groups .015 6 .003
Total .016 8
PostThointrvlPR Between Groups .001 2 .000 .364 .709 Within Groups .007 6 .001
Total .008 8
PostThodurQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 1.500 .296 Within Groups .000 6 .000
Total .001 8
PostThoampR Between Groups .040 2 .020 .285 .762 Within Groups .419 6 .070
Total .459 8
PostThoampT Between Groups .004 2 .002 .065 .938 Within Groups .194 6 .032
Total .199 8
PostThodurT Between Groups .002 2 .001 .484 .638 Within Groups .010 6 .002
Total .012 8
PostThodurQT Between Groups .010 2 .005 .327 .733 Within Groups .090 6 .015
Total .100 8
PostThosegST Between Groups .023 2 .012 1.215 .361 Within Groups .057 6 .009
Total .080 8
PostThoHR Between Groups 248.222 2 124.111 .402 .686 Within Groups 1854.000 6 309.000
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Lampiran 10 Nilai rata-rata elektrokardiogram ketiga klompok autotransfusi H+7 pada babi lokal Indonesia (Sus domestica)
Oneway
ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. H7durP Between Groups .000 2 .000 3.125 .132Within Groups .000 5 .000
Total .000 7
H7ampP Between Groups .001 2 .001 .206 .820 Within Groups .017 5 .003
Total .019 7
H7intrvlPR Between Groups .000 2 .000 .318 .741 Within Groups .003 5 .001
Total .003 7
H7durQRS Between Groups .000 2 .000 1.518 .305 Within Groups .000 5 .000
Total .000 7
H7ampR Between Groups .051 2 .025 .455 .658 Within Groups .278 5 .056
Total .328 7
H7ampT Between Groups .270 2 .135 1.304 .350 Within Groups .517 5 .103
Total .787 7
H7durT Between Groups .000 2 .000 .101 .906 Within Groups .005 5 .001
Total .006 7
H7durQT Between Groups .000 2 .000 .015 .985 Within Groups .013 5 .003
Total .014 7
H7segST Between Groups .001 2 .000 .188 .834 Within Groups .008 5 .002
Total .009 7
H7HR Between Groups 3.542 2 1.771 .007 .993 Within Groups 1211.333 5 242.267
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan di Indramayu pada tanggal 23 Februari 1990 dari ayah yang bernama Ir. Nandang Hidayat dan ibu Drs. Inne Sulastini. Penulis merupakan putri ketiga dari enam bersaudara. Pendidikan formal penulis ditempuh di SMA Negeri 1 Sindang dan lulus pada tahun 2008. Pada tahun 2008, penulis diterima sebagai mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor melalui Undangan Seleksi Masuk IPB (USMI).
Selama perkuliahan, penulis aktif di berbagai organisasi kampus, antara lain sebagai anggota Keluarga Mahasiswa Indramayu (IKADA), anggota Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa (BEM) FKH kabinet Katalis-Departemen Komunikasi dan Informasi tahun 2009/2010, dan Himpunan Minat dan Profesi Hewan Kesayangan, Satwa Aquatik dan Eksotik (HKSA). Penulis pernah tercatat sebagai Asisten Praktikum Mata Kuliah Embriologi, Histologi Veteriner I, Ektoparasit, Ilmu Bedah Khusus I, dan Radiologi.
Sebagai tugas akhir untuk menyelesaikan studi sarjana di Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, penulis menyusun skripsi yang berjudul Analisis
Elektrokardiogram Autotransfusi Darah pada Babi Lokal Indonesia (Sus