Perlu dilakukan penstabilan bekatul dengan metode yang lain seperti penggunaan ekstruder ataupun metode untuk memodifikasi sifat fisik fungsional tepung bekatul agar dapat diaplikasikan pada produk minuman. Selain itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dalam tahap formulasi untuk meminimalkan rasa pahit yang ditimbulkan tepung bekatul sehingga klaim manfaat kesehatan dari penambahan ini dapat diperoleh melalui penambahan tepung bekatul yang lebih banyak. Penentuan umur simpan produk berdasarkan parameter objektif juga perlu dilakukan seperti penurunan mutu protein, yang ditunjukkkan dengan penurunan kadar asam amino lisin tersedia yang diakibatkan oleh terjadinya reaksi Maillard.
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Lampiran 1. Hasil uji Anova pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO3 terhadap nilai L
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: nilai_L Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 1.750(a) 3 .583 7.814 .038 Intercept 21562.376 1 21562.376 288894.67 2 .000 konsentrasi 1.750 3 .583 7.814 .038 Error .299 4 .075 Total 21564.424 8 Corrected Total 2.048 7 a R Squared = .854 (Adjusted R Squared = .745)
Post Hoc Test
Konsentrasi
Homogeneous Subsets
nilai_L Duncan konsentrasi N Subset 1 2 .00 2 51.2150 300.00 2 51.8050 51.8050 400.00 2 52.1800 500.00 2 52.4650 Sig. .097 .077 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of SquaresThe error term is Mean Square(Error) = .075. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 2. Hasil uji Anova pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO3 terhadap nilai a
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Nilai_a Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model .006(a) 3 .002 2.733 .178 Intercept 177.002 1 177.002 257457.61 8 .000 konsentrasi .006 3 .002 2.733 .178 Error .003 4 .001 Total 177.011 8 Corrected Total .008 7 a R Squared = .672 (Adjusted R Squared = .426)
Post Hoc Test
Konsentrasi
Homogeneous Subsets
Nilai_a Duncan konsentrasi N Subset 1 300.00 2 4.6650 500.00 2 4.6950 .00 2 4.7200 400.00 2 4.7350 Sig. .060Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .001. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 3. Hasil uji Anova pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO3 terhadap nilai b
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: nilai_b Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 1.431(a) 3 .477 63.817 .001 Intercept 484.850 1 484.850 64862.849 .000 konsentrasi 1.431 3 .477 63.817 .001 Error .030 4 .007 Total 486.311 8 Corrected Total 1.461 7 a R Squared = .980 (Adjusted R Squared = .964)
Post Hoc Test
Konsentrasi
Homogeneous Subsets
nilai_b Duncan konsentrasi N Subset 1 2 3 4 300.00 2 7.2550 500.00 2 7.5800 .00 2 7.9050 400.00 2 8.4000 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .007. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 4. Hasil uji Anova pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO3 terhadap nilai ho
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: nilai_h Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 11.474(a) 3 3.825 30.294 .003 Intercept 27718.351 1 27718.351 219551.29 7 .000 konsentrasi 11.474 3 3.825 30.294 .003 Error .505 4 .126 Total 27730.330 8 Corrected Total 11.979 7 a R Squared = .958 (Adjusted R Squared = .926)
Post Hoc Test
Konsentrasi
Homogeneous Subsets
nilai_h Duncan konsentrasi N Subset 1 2 3 300.00 2 57.3500 500.00 2 58.3000 58.3000 .00 2 59.2000 400.00 2 60.6000 Sig. .056 .064 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .126. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 5. Hasil uji Anova nilai L bekatul segar dan bekatul berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: L Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 23.606(a) 3 7.869 533.023 .000 Intercept 23859.109 1 23859.109 1616197.0 54 .000 Bahan 23.606 3 7.869 533.023 .000 Error .059 4 .015 Total 23882.774 8 Corrected Total 23.665 7 a R Squared = .998 (Adjusted R Squared = .996)
Post Hoc Test
Bahan
Homogeneous Subsets
L Duncan Bahan N Subset 1 2 3 P2 2 52.3250 P1 2 53.5800 P3 2 56.2000 BS 2 56.3400 Sig. 1.000 1.000 .313 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .015. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 6. Hasil uji Anova densitas kamba berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: D_Kamba Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model .026(a) 2 .013 37.762 .007 Intercept .968 1 .968 2765.762 .000 Perlakuan .026 2 .013 37.762 .007 Error .001 3 .000
Total .996 6
Corrected Total .027 5 a R Squared = .962 (Adjusted R Squared = .936)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
D_Kamba Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 P3 2 .3100 P2 2 .4300 P1 2 .4650 Sig. 1.000 .158 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .000. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 7. Hasil uji Anova densitas padat berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: D_Padat Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model .024(a) 2 .012 17.167 .023 Intercept 2.184 1 2.184 3120.095 .000 Perlakuan .024 2 .012 17.167 .023 Error .002 3 .001
Total 2.210 6
Corrected Total .026 5 a R Squared = .920 (Adjusted R Squared = .866)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
D_Padat Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 P3 2 .5150 P2 2 .6350 P1 2 .6600 Sig. 1.000 .414 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .001. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 8. Hasil uji Anova kadar air berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Kadar_Air Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 2.450(a) 2 1.225 122.487 .001 Intercept 122.221 1 122.221 12222.107 .000 Perlakuan 2.450 2 1.225 122.487 .001 Error .030 3 .010 Total 124.701 6 Corrected Total 2.480 5 a R Squared = .988 (Adjusted R Squared = .980)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
Kadar_Air Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 3 P3 2 3.6300 P1 2 4.7900 P2 2 5.1200 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .010. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 9. Hasil uji Anova nilai aw berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: aw Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model .053(a) 2 .027 1597.000 .000 Intercept 1.510 1 1.510 90601.000 .000 Perlakuan .053 2 .027 1597.000 .000 Error 5.00E-005 3 1.67E-005
Total 1.563 6
Corrected Total .053 5 a R Squared = .999 (Adjusted R Squared = .998)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
aw Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 3 P1 2 .3700 P3 2 .5500 P2 2 .5850 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 1.67E-005. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000.
Lampiran 10. Hasil uji Anova kelarutan dalam air berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Kelarutan Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 1.304(a) 2 .652 482.827 .000 Intercept 8.097 1 8.097 5997.642 .000 Perlakuan 1.304 2 .652 482.827 .000 Error .004 3 .001
Total 9.405 6
Corrected Total 1.308 5 a R Squared = .997 (Adjusted R Squared = .995)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
Kelarutan Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 P1 2 .5050 P2 2 1.4400 P3 2 1.5400 Sig. 1.000 .072 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .001. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 11. Hasil uji Anova daya serap air berbagai perlakuan stabilisasi
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: DSA Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 14072.649(a) 2 7036.324 378.536 .000 Intercept 568617.421 1 568617.421 30590.126 .000 Perlakuan 14072.649 2 7036.324 378.536 .000 Error 55.765 3 18.588 Total 582745.835 6 Corrected Total 14128.414 5 a R Squared = .996 (Adjusted R Squared = .993)
Post Hoc Test
Perlakuan
Homogeneous Subsets
DSA Duncan Perlakuan N Subset 1 2 3 P1 2 252.0600 P2 2 301.3300 P3 2 370.1500 Sig. 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 18.588. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000.
Lampiran 12. Hasil uji Anova pengaruh karagenan terhadap viskositas
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: viskositas Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 8.094(a) 3 2.698 28.778 .004 Intercept 215.281 1 215.281 2296.333 .000 karagenan 8.094 3 2.698 28.778 .004 Error .375 4 .094 Total 223.750 8 Corrected Total 8.469 7
a R Squared = .956 (Adjusted R Squared = .923)
Post Hoc Test
Karagenan
Homogeneous Subsets
viskositas Duncan karagenan N Subset 1 2 3 .00 2 4.0000 .30 2 4.7500 4.7500 .45 2 5.2500 .60 2 6.7500 Sig. .070 .178 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.Based on Type III Sum of Squares
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .094. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha = .05.
Lampiran 13. Formula yang disarankan beserta hasil responnya Std Run Component 1 A : karagenan % Component 2 B : tepung bekatul % Component 3 C : formula dasar % Response 1 warna sebelum diseduh (skor) Response 2 aroma sebelum diseduh (skor) Response 3 penampakan fisik sebelum diseduh (skor) Response 4 aroma setelah diseduh (skor) Response 5 rasa setelah diseduh (skor) Response 6 penampakan fisik setelah diseduh (skor) 5 1 0.25 16.84 82.91 8.306 7.133 8.14 8.7 7.147 7.213 14 2 0.25 16.84 82.91 8.363 6.406 8.336 8.853 7.356 7.786 4 3 0.385 12.865 86.75 8.456 7.2 8.28 9.433 7.223 7.343 13 4 0.52 16.57 82.91 7.083 6.826 7.353 9.246 6.2516 7.383 1 5 0.52 12.73 86.75 8.07 6.82 7.873 9.73 8.907 7.506 3 6 0.25 14.92 84.83 8.22 6.856 7.576 9.506 8.364 8.266 9 7 0.52 14.65 84.83 8.113 6.773 7.94 9.473 7.796 7.32 15 8 0.52 12.73 86.75 8.4 7.533 8.553 8.5 7.675 7.553 6 9 0.52 16.57 82.91 6.846 7.41 7.536 8.453 5.784 7.71 10 10 0.385 16.705 82.91 6.64 6.976 7.406 7.953 5 8.3 12 11 0.25 13 86.75 8.36 7.89 8.566 8.556 6.725 7.733 2 12 0.25 13 86.75 8.016 7.466 7.993 8.456 6.972 7.853 8 13 0.385 15.745 83.87 7.326 7.323 7.946 8.71 6.122 7.726 11 14 0.4525 13.7575 85.79 7.463 7.463 7.996 8.876 6.778 8.02 7 15 0.3175 13.8925 85.79 7.336 7.43 7.713 7.93 6.976 7.543
Lampiran 14. Formulir uji hedonik produk sebelum diseduh
Nama : Tanggal :
No. HP :
Produk : Susu yang disuplementasi tepung bekatul
Instruksi :
Dari sampel yang tersedia, nyatakan tingkat kesukaan Anda terhadap atribut yang telah ditentukan dengan cara memberikan garis vertikal dan kode sampel pada garis yang tersedia.
Penilaian
1. Warna
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
2. Aroma
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
3. Penampakan fisik
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
Lampiran 15. Formulir uji hedonik produk setelah diseduh
Nama : Tanggal :
No. HP :
Produk : Susu yang disuplementasi tepung bekatul
Instruksi :
Dari sampel yang tersedia, nyatakan tingkat kesukaan Anda terhadap atribut yang telah ditentukan dengan cara memberikan garis vertikal dan kode sampel pada garis yang tersedia.
Penilaian
1. Aroma
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
2. Rasa
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
3. Penampakan fisik
Sangat Sangat
tidak disukai disukai
Lampiran 16. Fits summary respon warna sebelum diseduh
Sequential Model Sum of Squares [Type I] Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Mean vs Total 912.5688 1 912.5688 Linear vs Mean 2.1063888 2 1.0531944 3.8439822 0.0513
Quadratic vs Linear 1.9975432 3 0.6658477 4.6444422 0.0316 Suggested Sp Cubic vs Quadratic 0.1768337 1 0.1768337 1.270533 0.2923
Cubic vs Sp Cubic 0.8439664 3 0.2813221 5.2197286 0.0534 Suggested
Residual 0.2694796 5 0.0538959
Total 917.96301 15 61.197534
Lack of Fit Tests Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Linear 3.1444959 8 0.393062 10.969657 0.0174 Quadratic 1.1469527 5 0.2293905 6.4018795 0.0481 Suggested Special Cubic 0.970119 4 0.2425297 6.7685711 0.0454 Cubic 0.1261526 1 0.1261526 3.5206944 0.1338 Suggested Pure Error 0.143327 4 0.0358318
Model Summary Statistics Source Std. Dev. R-Squared Adjusted R-Squared Predicted R-Squared PRESS Linear 0.523436 0.390490566 0.2889057 0.0533661 5.1063439 Quadratic 0.3786349 0.760802914 0.6279156 0.3325132 3.6005649 Suggested Special Cubic 0.3730694 0.793585041 0.6387738 0.114402 4.7771031 Cubic 0.232155 0.950042814 0.8601199 -0.6595053 8.9517232 Suggested
Lampiran 17. ANOVA dan persamaan polinomial respon warna sebelum diseduh
Response 1 Warna sebelum diseduh
ANOVA for Mixture Cubic Model
*** Mixture Component Coding is L_Pseudo. ***
Analysis of variance table [Partial sum of squares - Type III]
Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Model 5.1247321 9 0.56941468 10.56507783 0.0092 significant Linear Mixture 2.1063888 2 1.0531944 19.5412609 0.0043 AB 0.0011485 1 0.0011485 0.021309602 0.8896 AC 0.0007558 1 0.00075583 0.014023931 0.9103 BC 0.1995015 1 0.19950152 3.701606599 0.1124 ABC 0.0013002 1 0.00130023 0.024124756 0.8826 AB(A-B) 0.0022771 1 0.00227705 0.042249058 0.8453 AC(A-C) 0.0007 1 0.0007 0.012987935 0.9137 BC(B-C) 0.55229 1 0.55228996 10.24734116 0.0240 Residual 0.2694796 5 0.05389593
Lack of Fit 0.1261526 1 0.12615264 3.520694392 0.1338 not significant Pure Error 0.143327 4 0.03583175
Cor Total 5.3942117 14
Final Equation in Terms of Actual Components: warna sebelum diseduh =
-237558.5971 * karagenan -1121.103908 * tepung bekatul
6.569048966 * formula dasar
4280.316627 * karagenan * tepung bekatul 3466.817783 * karagenan * formula dasar 19.28691357 * tepung bekatul * formula dasar
-29.77699209 * karagenan * tepung bekatul * formula dasar
19.69550712 * karagenan * tepung bekatul * (karagenan-tepung bekatul) 10.91822011 * karagenan * formula dasar * (karagenan-formula dasar)
Lampiran 18. Fits summary respon rasa
Sequential Model Sum of Squares [Type I] Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Mean vs Total 736.072791 1 736.0727912 Linear vs Mean 3.67661988 2 1.838309938 2.19644801 0.1539 Quadratic vs Linear 7.90817285 3 2.636057618 11.11121 0.0022 Suggested Sp Cubic vs Quadratic 0.20888053 1 0.208880526 0.86748586 0.3789 Cubic vs Sp Cubic 0.83697844 3 0.278992813 1.28057222 0.3764 Residual 1.0893287 5 0.217865739 Total 749.792772 15 49.98618477
Lack of Fit Tests Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Linear 9.12277863 8 1.140347329 4.954898 0.0696 Quadratic 1.21460578 5 0.242921156 1.05551135 0.4929 Suggested Special Cubic 1.00572526 4 0.251431314 1.09248865 0.4669 Cubic 0.16874682 1 0.168746817 0.73321807 0.4401 Pure Error 0.92058188 4 0.23014547
Model Summary Statistics Source Std. Dev. R-Squared Adjusted R-Squared Predicted R-Squared PRESS Linear 0.91484792 0.267975593 0.145971525 -0.16424623 15.9734355 Quadratic 0.48707604 0.844373855 0.757914885 0.54716873 6.21283618 Suggested Special Cubic 0.49070194 0.859598405 0.754297208 0.45289082 7.50632719 Cubic 0.4667609 0.920602751 0.777687703 -0.08121853 14.834297
Lampiran 19. ANOVA dan persamaan polinomial respon rasa
Response 5 Rasa setelah diseduh
ANOVA for Mixture Quadratic Model
*** Mixture Component Coding is L_Pseudo. ***
Analysis of variance table [Partial sum of squares - Type III]
Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Value p-value Prob > F Model 11.5847927 5 2.316958546 9.76617994 0.0020 significant Linear Mixture 3.67661988 2 1.838309938 7.74863481 0.0110 AB 3.89497979 1 3.894979791 16.4176755 0.0029 AC 3.58582055 1 3.585820545 15.1145426 0.0037 BC 1.36122936 1 1.361229355 5.73769904 0.0402 Residual 2.13518766 9 0.237243073
Lack of Fit 1.21460578 5 0.242921156 1.05551135 0.4929 not significant
Pure Error 0.92058188 4 0.23014547
Cor Total 13.7199804 14
Final Equation in Terms of Actual Components:
rasa setelah diseduh =
6397.749664 * karagenan -14.12400576 * tepung bekatul -0.409822254 * formula dasar
-66.77579881 * karagenan * tepung bekatul -64.04665285 * karagenan * formula dasar
Lampiran 20. Skor uji coba formula optimum dan uji hedonik produk komersil untuk parameter sebelum diseduh.
Panelis
Warna Aroma Penampakan fisik
Produk optimum Produk komersil Produk optimum Produk komersil Produk optimum Produk komersil 1 5.3 9.1 3.7 10.6 6.1 10.1 2 7.5 11.3 7.4 11.1 9.5 7.9 3 9.9 9.3 9.2 8.3 9.6 8.1 4 5.3 6.3 1.8 8.9 5.1 10.1 5 12.0 11.3 11.6 10.0 10.6 12.6 6 6.3 10.6 11.2 7.1 10.1 7.3 7 8.9 13.4 13.6 13.1 13.3 13.5 8 5.1 8.0 7.9 7.2 4.2 8.6 9 11.7 12.8 7.9 13.6 7.4 13.7 10 10.5 11.3 8.4 12.4 11.4 11.7 11 9.5 12.1 7.8 11.6 10.1 11.4 12 6.1 10.5 10.8 9.6 8.7 7.6 13 12.8 12.1 9.8 13.1 10.0 13.9 14 11.0 12.0 10.7 9.6 11.2 11.7 15 11.5 11.5 6.2 11.0 10.8 8.9 16 11.2 12.2 10.1 10.6 9.0 8.8 17 12.1 11.6 11.3 12.6 13.2 12.2 18 11.8 12.4 12.9 13.2 12.5 12.7 19 10.6 11.5 9.6 10.9 11.5 9.9 20 9.5 9.5 7.6 10.8 10.2 10.7 21 9.5 11.5 10.0 12.8 8.3 11.1 22 10.2 10.7 8.1 12.7 10.1 10.9 23 10.6 4.9 3.2 9.6 9.4 4.2 24 10.8 11.1 8.6 6.9 11.7 10.8 25 12.8 2.3 14.0 3.6 12.5 6.1 26 7.2 10.6 8.6 10.5 11.8 8.8 27 10.1 9.3 9.8 7.5 10.9 9.8 28 12.4 9.0 10.9 13.0 7.9 5.1 Rata-rata 9.7 10.3 9.0 10.4 9.9 9.9
Lampiran 21. Skor uji coba formula optimum dan uji hedonik produk komersil untuk parameter setelah diseduh
Panelis