After doing the analysis, the researcher found that there are two types of racism act in the Green Book movie based on types of racism theory of Kenneth J Neubeck; Personal Racism and Institutional Racism.37Based on the research results, it can be seen below.
1. Personal Racism
As mentioned in the second chapter, personal racist is an individual stereotype of alleged racial differences, insulting someone's name and reference, which expresses negative words towards black people. This makes them insecure.
The possibility of personal racism in the Green Book film is in several scenes which will be discussed below. The first personal racism is racism about the distinction of a place that will be used by black people which distinguishes about race, culture, ethnicity, and physical that often occurs in society. With their differences, therefore the occurrence of differences from one another, physical differences, one of which often occurs in individuals and groups.
Racism also often occurs through social media so that bullying can occur due to ethnic, racial and physical differences. As the researcher has mentioned in the previous chapter regarding examples of personal racism.
differences often lead to misunderstandings with the existence of racism between them. This happens in Peter Farrelly Green Book. There are several scenes in this film that depict the difference between a black
37 Kenneth J. Neubeck. Social Problem: A Critical Approach. USA: Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc (1997)
person and a white person. It can be seen from the image and dialogue below:
(Picture 1)38 (Picture 2)39
Host : Are you looking for a toilet?
Don Shirley : Yes…
Host : Let me help. It's outside beside the pine tree Don Shirley : I don't want to wear that
Host :Don't be silly Don, it looks really bad Don Shirley : I think you know from your experience Host : I've never received a complaint
Don Shirley : I can go back to my motel, and use the restroom there. But it took 1.5 hours.
Host : We don't mind waiting.40
The picture and dialogue above show a scene of a conversation between the Host who organized the event, and Don Shirley who wanted to use the toilet at the event. Then, the Host told Don Shirley to use a bad toilet outside the venue.
The scene is classified as personal racism, where a black person is distinguished from a white person. A black person feels cornered or differentiated so that it seems that the view of black people is always negative. Whereas in African-American culture there are no rules about the difference between white people and black people. America is a democratic country, all residents should be treated equally but there are still racist actions against black people there.
38Green Book Movie:01:05:07-01:04:57 39 Green Book Movie: 01:05:07-01:04:57 40 Green Book Movie: 01:05:o7-01:04:57
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The next scene is a white manager at a restaurant directing Don Shirley to a small dressing room. This is where black people are distinguished from white people, even though in this scene black people are the performers at the restaurant.
(Picture 3)41 (Picture 4)42
The picture above shows Tony Lip stopping on the side of the road with Don Shirley. Tony Lip wanted to pee but after getting out for a while he went back to the car to get his wallet which was on the dashboard. Here it can be seen that Tony Lip, a white man, did not trust the safety of his wallet when he lived with a black man. Tony Lip thought that the black man, Don Shirley, could have stolen his wallet. Black people are always suspected by white people where blacks often commit criminal acts. From this scene, there has been Personal racism to Don Shirley where Don Shirley is considered a thief by his driver Tony Lip but Don Shirley does not really respond to the racism that happened to him.
(Picture 5)43
41 Green Book Movie: 00:34:24-01:35:40 42 Green Book Movie: 00:34:28-01:35:36
Graham Kindell : As you can imagine, our Christmas show is the biggest how of the year and we are delighted invite you, Mr. Don Shirley. if you need anything, just let me know.
Don Shirley : Thank you
Graham Kindell : We're here. Show in 1 hour, Any questions?
Tony Lip : Where's the restaurant?
Graham Kindell : Straight to the end. Tony, turn right and cross the lobby. Good luck./Thank you.44 Above is Graham Kindell directing Don Shirley into his dressing room.
The changing room comes from the kitchen food equipment warehouse.
From this scene, it shows the occurrence of personal racism for black people. However, Don Shirley doesn't mind about it, here it appears that black people are placed in an inappropriate place for him even though black people here are performers by playing the piano for white guests.
(Picture 6)45 (Picture 7)46
The picture above shows Tony Lip driving Don Shirley who was stopped at a red light. Then there were white citizens who watched the two of them in amazement. White people find it strange to see there are blacks who occupy high social status and there are whites who want to work for black people. The view that blacks occupy high social status is surprising to white people. Because, white people always occupy a higher 43 Green Book Movie: 00:37:48-00:32:16
44 Green Book Movie: 00:37:48-00:32:16 45 Green Book Movie: 01:23:48-00:46:16
46 Green Book Movie: 01:23:48-00:46:11
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social status than black people whose social status is set low and only work and do activities that are only provided for by white people.
(Picture 8)47
Police : Why did you drive him?
Tony Lip : He's my boss.
Police : He can't go out at night. It's a gray city.
Tony Lip : What is it?
Police : Take him out and check his ID card.
Tony Lip : Come on sir. It's raining.
Police : Sir, I can only check from the window.
Police : Get him out of the car Police : Come on out. Get out, now.48
The picture and dialogue above shows that Tony Lip and Don Shirley were stopped by a white police officer. Where, a law enforcer also views that white people should have a higher social status than black people. So something like driving black people by white people is weird and embarrassing. Black people are always considered unworthy of good treatment such as being superiors for white people from law enforcement for black people. Whites are in a position to drive and maintain to always be higher than black.
The scene above shows that white people, they look higher caste because they can always attend luxurious events and always get good facilities from black people, such as hotel facilities, bars, restaurants, and clothing. Meanwhile, black people are described as low caste because they
47 Green Book Movie: 01:25:47-00:44:17 48 Green Book Movie: 01:25:47-00:44:17
are only servants, drivers, uneducated and always exiled and get poor facilities compared to white people. this reveals that whites are thus shown that they are richer, educated, and more polite people than blacks who are portrayed as lazy, irresponsible people.
Racism is the difference in attitudes and behavior towards a particular person and society because of differences in skin color. Sometimes we, the Indonesian people, who are made up of hundreds of ethnic groups and languages and customs without us realizing it, often even take actions that are included in discrimination every day and can offend each other or discriminate in treatment of fellow citizens. "Based on skin color, ethnicity, economy and class".
2. Institutional Racism
Institutional racism described in the previous second chapter is a form of racism that is embedded in everyday life in a society or organization.
Describes the pattern of community structure that imposes oppressive or otherwise negative conditions on groups identified based on race or ethnicity. oppression may come from business, government or other institutions. This racism may also be called societal racism, institutionalized racism, or cultural racism.49 This racism should not be confused with individual racism, which is directed against one or more individuals. While this has the potential to affect people on a large scale negatively.
The institutional racism that occurs in this film is found in several scenes and dialogues. There are some economically disadvantaged black people and groups where, white people have access to power while black people do not. Institutional racism draws attention to the fact that groups such as African Americans are often victims of the regular functioning of these organizational structures. Unlike some forms of racism that occur in
49 Kenneth J. Neubeck. Social Problem: A Critical Approach. USA: Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc (1997)
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the day-to-day and annual work of large institutions, it is often difficult to detect without investigation.
(Picture 9) 50 (Picture 10)51 Tony Lip : Let's get out of here
Graham Kindell : What do you mean go? where are you going? Don't do this you already have a contract. I know you honor the contract.
Connie, Bill, everything's go on be all right.
You must appear, sir. Come back now! now!
this is why your people don't work here.
Because you guys can't be trusted.52
The picture and dialogue above shows that Don Shirley doesn't want to play the piano for white people because there is a rule that doesn't allow Don Shirley or black people to eat with white people in the restaurant.
From this incident white people thought that black people fighting was normal, because they were so unreliable. This restaurant manager underestimates blacks through his actions and words. Various real-life cases found are black white people always have jobs that are less expensive than white people.
The picture above shows Tony Lip driving Don Shirley who was stopped at a red light. Then there were white citizens who watched the two of them in amazement. White people find it strange to see there are blacks who occupy high social status and there are whites who want to work for black people. The view that blacks occupy high social status is surprising
50 Green Book Movie: 01:44:20-00:25:32 51 Green Book Movie: 01:44:32-00:25:32 52 Green Book Movie: 01:44:32-00:25:32
to white people. Because, white people always occupy a higher social status than black people whose social status is set low and only work and do activities that are only provided for by white people.
(Picture 11)53 (Picture 12)54
Owner Taylor : How are you? / May I help you, sir?
Tony Lip : Yes, we want to try. The gray setting in that window. Is there a size 42?
Owner Taylor : Sure. The fitting room is in the back, sir. Don Shirley : Thank you. I try for a while,
Tony Lip : Just relax, doc.
Owner Taylor : Excuse me, you can't even try it.
Don Shirley : What?
Owner Taylor : If you want to buy it first, we will adjust it according to your needs.
Don Shirley : I see.55
The picture and dialogue above show that there is institutional racism where white people think that black people can't afford to buy high-priced goods. In this film Institutional Racism occurs when black people want to buy a nice and expensive dress, however, black people should not try on the suit because white people always think black people can't afford expensive things because of black people's economic factors. are in the low minority. Black people can only buy and work in certain places.
53 Green Book Movie: 01:11:50-00:58:14 54 Green Book Movie: 01:12:09-00:57:55 55 Green Book Movie: 01:12:09-00:57:55
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(Picture 13)56 (Picture 14)57
The scene above shows that the janitor of the theater where Don Shirley will perform the piano. Turns out I don't have a piano with the brand Don Shirley wanted.
Tony Lip : Excuse me, sir. I'm with the band Cleaning Officer : Everything is ready.
Tony Lip : It's not the piano, is it?
Cleaning Officer : That's the piano.
Tony Lip : It's not Steinway.
Cleaning Officer : Then?
Tony Lip : Dr. Shirley only played on the Steinway piano. It's written in the contract.
Cleaning Officer : Who is Dr. Shirley?
Tony Lip : Dr. Shirley. Don Shirley Trio. They have a concert tonight.
Cleaning Officer : Is that important?
Tony Lip : Yes, Important. It's in the contract.
Cleaning Officer : "Come on, man. This negro… Can play anything there is"
Tony Lip : But it's ugly and has garbage.58
The picture and dialogue above shows that the white janitor feels that he is a higher social class than the black Don Shirley. He even showed his high feelings and belittled Don Shirley with harsh words and did not want to prepare good facilities for him, namely a piano as written in Don Shirley's contract. White people still despise black people even though in this scene black people act as performers by playing the piano. It seem that black people can only work in certain institutions and also with facilities that are not proper under the care of white people.
56 Green Book Movie: 01:47:55-01:22:09 57 Green Book Movie: 01:48:50-00:21:14 58 Green Book Movie: 01:48:50-00:21:14
(Picture 15) 59 (Picture 16)60
The two pictures above show where black farmers see a white person working for a black person. From the scene above, black people are only employed as low-social people, who are not allowed to work like white people. Institutional racism here is indicated by black people being only employed at low levels, Based on stereotypes about the ability and fear of blacks to provoke negative reactions from whites institutional racist workers about oppression and coercion of people who are low in social and ethnic sense, one of which is for people black skinned.
The picture above is a scene that occurs when Don Shirley car breaks down, the driver Tony Lip repairs his car and the farmers look very strangely at Don Shirley and his driver, the black farmers are surprised because white people want to work for black people. Whereas in the definition of Institutional Racist it is explained that white people are in a position to mobilize and maintain their self-esteem to keep working as bosses for black people. Dark people generally do not have access to positions of power in the major institutions they are interested in, they are unlikely to discriminate against whites at this level.
59 Green Book Movie 01:01:46-01:08:18 60Green Book Movie 01:02:39-01:07:25
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(Picture17 )61 (Picture 18)62
Tony Lip : Doc. Welcome. Hey, everyone! This is Dr.
Donal Shirley.
Don Shirley : Merry Christmas
Tony Lip's family : Come on. Move aside. Give him a plate!63
The picture and dialogue above shows that the dining room is filled with white people, namely Tony Lip's family. Tony Lip introduced Don Shirley to his family. Tony Lip's entire family gave a shocked expression to see Don Shirley come to his house on Christmas Eve. White people have determined that white people should not work for black people and white people should not bring black people into their environment.
The scene above shows that white people can finally accept black people in their environment. Because not all black people have bad qualities and not all white people also think that black people are always bad. Humans are born equally all, therefore do not judge people from the outside because not everyone is the same as physically outside, in life you have to get along with each other and do not distinguish one from another.
It has been mentioned in the previous chapter that the film is set in the United States in the 1960s when South American countries used the Jim Crow method, which created an imbalance between
61 Green Book Movie: 02:01:40-00:08:24 62 Green Book Movie: 02:01:44-00:08:20 63 Green Book Movie: 02:01:44-00:08:20
blacks and whites. The Jim Crow Law was enacted with the intention that blacks could also use facilities used by whites, but the facilities created should not be shared. In other words, blacks are given the same facilities, but whites are not allowed to use them. The Jim Crow method is quite one-sided, as the facilities provided to blacks can be referred to as inappropriate or inhumane because the facilities are so poor compared to blacks with facilities used by whites. It is a typical one.64
From several previous related studies mentioned in the second chapter of the thesis by Nurjanah 2014, by analyzing the history of race crime in California in the film the freedom writes.65 Research that has similarities and differences with this research, in the formulation of the problem previously discussed about the condition of society in California, while this research is about personal racism, institutional racism, and the impact of racism. The similarities are that they both use the theory of racism as mentioned in the previous chapter.
From the analysis of some of the data that the researchers presented above, it can be concluded that the United States still makes different places and facilities for black people and white people. Black people are always given inadequate facilities, exiled so that criminal acts occur against black people by white people.