Part II-Radiodiagnosis Pathology
May 23 Aug. 15
4. Divisions, Subjects and Books
Note—The books marked with an asterisk are essential books which students should possess.
DIVISION I
801.1. CHEMISTRY (Medical Course)
A course of three lectures per week, with laboratory work, throughout the year.
A preliminary standard equivalent to Matriculation Chemistry will be assumed.
SYLLABUS. The course will consist of a treatment of basic physical, organic and inorganic chemistry emphasizing aspects of the subject of importance in medical investigations and practice.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Chemical equilibrium, energy changes in phase equilibria, molecular chaos, equilibrium constants and their manipulation, effect of external variables on the equilibrium constant, heterogeneous equilibria.
Electrolyte Solutions. Introduction to concept of activity, Lowry-Bronsted acids and bases, definition, concept, and manipulation of ionization constants including pH, general treatment of competing ionic equilibria, titration curves, stability con- stants.
Electrochemistry. Conductance, theories of electrolyte solutions, electrode potentials and redox equilibria, Galvanic cells, concentration dependence of electrode potentials, electrical work, free energy, relation to equilibrium constants, standard free energies.
Non-Electrolyte Solutions. Vapor pressure-concentration relationships in binary systems, ideal solutions, deviations from ideality, distillation.
Colligative Properties of Solutions. Effect of solutes on vapor pressure, freezing point and boiling point, molecular weight determination, osmotic phenomena.
Collodial Solutions. The collodial state, hydrophobic/hydrophylic colloids, electrolyte effects on colloid stability, electrical double layer coagulation, flocculation, surfactant solutions, membrane processes.
Chemical Kinetics. Factors affecting rates of reactions, measurement of reaction rates, first and second order reactions, introduction to reaction mechanisms, activation energy, temperature effects.
Thermodynamics, basic postulates and definitions, measurement of thermo- dynamic quantities, useful work, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy in chemical systems.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The scope of organic chemistry. Biological importance of organic com- pounds. The structure, preparation and simple reactions of the following classes of compounds: paraffins, olefins, acetylenes, benzene, halides, alcohols, phenols, thiols, ethers, thioethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides. Phosphate esters. Functional, struc- . turai, optical and geometric isomerism. Amino acids and sugars. Some simple
heterocyclic compounds.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Atomic structure. Theories of bonding and stereochemistry in molecules and crystals. Comparative chemistry of selected elements with emphasis on structure.
LABORATORY WORK. Three hours per week covering exercises in quantitative analysis and general inorganic chemistry, physical and organic chemistry, the exper- iments being chosen to illustrate and amplify the theory course.
The practical classes for this subject are taken in the Biological and Engineering Chemistry Laboratory of the Redmond Barry Building. The department supplies al the apparatus.
BOOKS. (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Stranks, D. R., et. al., Chemistry: A Structural View. (M.U.P.) Andrews, D. H., and Kokes, R. J.—Fundamental Chemistry. (Wiley.)
67
(b) Prescribed textbooks:
Mahan, B. H.—University Chemistry. ( Addison-Wesley.)
°Olver, N. H. (ed.), Experiments in Chemistry, (1969). (Departmental publi- cations, 1969.) (These laboratory handbooks are available from the Biological and Engineering Chemistry Laboratory, Redmond Barry Building.)
MacKenzie, C. A.—Unified Organic Chemistry. (Harper International Reprint- Harper and Row.)
Companion, A. L.—Chemical Bonding. (McGraw-Hill.) (c) Recommended for reference:
Moore, W. J. Physical Chemistry. ( 2nd ed., Longmans. ) Gould, E. S. Inorganic Reactions and Structure. (Holt.)
Tedder, J. M., and Nechvatal, A.—Basic Organic Chemistry. A Mechanistic Approach. (Wiley. )
Bell, C. F., and Lott, K. A. K.—Modern Approach to Inorganic Chemistry.
(2nd ed., Butterworth.)
EXAMINATION. Terminal tests may be held during the year. The annual examin- ation will consist of a 3-hour written paper in General Chemistry, one 13i-hour written paper in Organic Chemistry. There is no practical examination, but the work of each student is assessed continually throughout the year, and is taken into account in determining the success of the candidates at the annual examination.
801
-2. PHYSICS (Medical Course)
A course of three lectures per week throughout the year with laboratory work.
A knowledge of Physics to the standard of the Matriculation examination will be assumed.
SYLLABUS. A selection from the following topics: The scope of physics. Units and dimensions. Dimensional analysis. Vectors and scalars. Kinematics of translation and rotation. Dynamics. Statics. Gravitation. Energy and power. Conservation laws.
Relativity. Properties of solids. Molecular forces. Elasticity. Elastic vibration. Properties of liquids. Hydrostatics. Surface tension. Hydrodynamics. Properties of gases. Gas laws.
Kinetic theory. Temperature and heat. Thermometry. Thermal expansion. Calorimetry.
Heat transfer. Thermodynamics. Wave motion. Interference, diffraction, and polariza- tion concepts in sound and light. Geometrical optics of simple lens and mirror systems. Optical instruments. Current electricity. Units and dimensions of electrical quantities. Direct current circuits. Temperature effects. Capacitance. Magnetic field of steady currents. Interaction of moving charges with electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic induction. Inductance. Electrical instruments. Magnetic properties of matter. Simple alternating current circuits. Electrical oscillations. Electromagnetic waves. Thermionic emission. Photo-electricity. Simple valve circuits. Atomic structure.
Electrons and nucleus. Energy quanta. Optical spectra. X-ray emission and absorp- tion. Electron shells. Nuclear structure. Mass spectra. Proton and neutron. Nuclear forces. Binding energy. Stable nuclei. Unstable nuclei and radioantivity. Nuclear reactions. Radio-isotopes. Nuclear instruments. Radiation and health physics. Sym- metry in physics.
LABORATORY WoBS. Twenty 3-hour periods during the year in accordance with notices displayed on departmental notice board.
Attendance at practical classes is compulsory. The practical work of each student is examined continually during each term. Records of his success in experiment and impressions of his work are kept. This information is taken into account in assessing the results (including the Class List) at the Annual Examination.
Boors. (a)
Prescribed textbooks:Richards,
J. A.,
et. al.—Modern College Physics. (Addison-Wesley or World Student Series.)or Harnwell, G. P., and Legge, G. J. F. Physics: Matter, Energy and the Universe.
( Reinhold.)
(b) Recommended for reference:
Halliday, D., and Resnick, R. Physics for Students of Science
and Engineering.
(Parts I and II (Wiley.) )
68
Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B., and Sands,
M.—The
Feynman Lectures on Physics. (Addison-Wesley.)Caro, D. E., McDonell, J. A. and Spicer, B. M.
—
Modern Physics. (Cheshire.) Ackerman, E.—
Biophysical Science. (Prentice-Hall.)Rogers, J.
S.-Physics
for Medical Students. (4th ed., M.U.P.)Van Bergeijk, W. A., Pierce, J. R., and David, E. E.—Waves and the Ear.
(Heinemann, Science Study Series.)
EXAMINATION. Three written papers for Pass and Honours combined—a one hour examination at the end of each of the first and second terms and a two hour final, totalling 4 hours.
801-3. BIOLOGY (Medical Course)
A course of four lectures per week with demonstrations and practical work throughout the year.
SYLLABUS. Modern concepts of cell structure, physiology and functional organiza- tion. Cellular differentiation and the formation of tissues. A study of man as a living organism, digestion, respiration, excretion, functional adaptations of the skeleton to various modes of movement and food procurement. Homeostasis and the inter- relationship between co-ordinating systems and effector organs. Man's place in evolution—comparative anatomy and the fossil record. Interaction between man and his environment—parasites, immunology, climate, nutrition, disease. Reproduc- tion—descriptive and experimental study of embryological development and cell specialization.
Physiology and structure of the plant cell, structure of plants in relation to function, physiology of growth of higher plants, photosynthesis and plant metabolism, dependence of animals on plants, reproduction, the chromosome theory of heredity, bacteria and viruses, the fungi and antibiotics.
Genetics—chromosomes and meiosis; DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein syn- thesis and structure; genes, enzymes and metabolism; pedigree analysis; linkage;
mutation. Human pedigrees, population genetics, blood groups; inheritance of quantitative characteristics in humans; interaction of heredity and environment in determination of the human being, normal and abnormal.
The fields and methods of systematic investigation of human behaviour. Innate and acquired determinants, instincts and emotions. The nature of general intelligence and individual differences. Psychological development. Social and cultural back- grounds to behaviour and their influences on personality. Concepts of normality.
LABORATORY WORK. Three hours per week.
Students must provide themselves with a suitable microscope+ (to be approved by the Professor of Zoology). The microscope must have low and high powers, magni- fying at least 60-380 diameters, coarse and fine adjustments and a condenser. Stu- dents must also have a set of approved dissecting instruments (details should be obtained from the Biology Laboratory, Barry Building); drawing books; slides and coverslips; a box of coloured crayons; drawing pencils.
Students must obtain a half set of human bones
(see
Notice Board in Redmond Barry Building for details).TUTORIALS. Elective tutorials in Human Behaviour will be conducted during the year by members of the staff of the Department of Psychiatry.
Books. (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
*Hardin, G. Biology Its Principles and Implications. (Freeman, 1966.) (b) Prescribed textbooks:
*Jacob, S. W., and Francone, C.
A.—Structure
and Function in Man. (Saunders, 1965.)°Mowbray, R. M., and Rodger, T.
F. Psychology
in Relation to Medicine.(2nd ed., Livingstone, Reprint, 1968.)
°Rose,
S.—The
Chemistry of Life. (Penguin Books, 1966.)*Staff of Departments—Biology Laboratory Course for Medicine and Dentistry.
°Steward, F. C.—About Plants
—
Topics in Plant Biology. (Principles of Biology Series, Addison-Wesley, 1966.)Sutton, H. E.—An Introduction to Human Genetics. (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.)
t Microscopes may be hired at the Biology Laboratory, Barry Building.
69
(c) Recommended for reference:
Abercrombie, M., Hickman, C. J., and Johnson, M. L. —A Dictionary of Biology.
(Penguin, 1966.)
McGaugh, J. L., Weinberger, N. M., and Whelen, R. E. J.—Psycho-biology:
The Biological Bases of Behaviour. (Freeman, 1966.)
Harrison, G. A., Weiner, J. S., Tanner, J. M., and Barnicot, N. A.-Human Biology. An Introduction to Human Evolution, Variation and Growth.
(O.U.P., 1964.) -
Strand, F. L.—Modern Physiology. ( Macmillan, 1965.)
Sutton, H. E.—Genes, Enzymes and Inherited Diseases. (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.)
Swanson, C. P.—The Cell. (2nd ed., Modern Biol. Series, Prentice-Hall, 1964.) EXAMINATION. One 3-hour written examination covering the. Zoology, Botany and Genetics sections of the course and one 3-hour practical examination for Pass and Honours combined. Practical tests may be held at completion of sections of the work. Candidates who pass these will be excused the final examination. One 1-hour written examination in Human Behaviour.
DIVISION II, including SUB-DIVISION IIA 802-1, 802-3. ANATOMY
The subject includes Histology and Embryology.
(i) ANATOMY.
A course of lectures, demonstrations and practical work during the Second and Third Years during which the structure and organization of all systems of the human body are studied. During the Second Year the structure of the limbs, the thoracic viscera, and the nervous system, is covered and in the Third Year the structure of the head and neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis is studied together with revision of the work done in the Second Year.
PRAcric.m. WORK. The human body is dissected and students are required to study the prepared dissections in the Museum. Demonstrations are given on previously prepared material and on radiographs.
(ii) HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
A course of lectures, demonstrations and practical work during the Second and Third Years during which the microscopic structure of human cells, tissues and organs is studied together with the general development of the body and the special development of its systems.
During the Second Year all aspects of the microscopic structure except that of the reproductive systems and special senses are studied. In addition the general development of the human embryo up to the beginning of organ formation is studied together with the development of the extra-embryonic membranes, the placenta and the heart and blood vessels.
t
During the Third Year the microscopic structure of the reproductive systems and special senses is studied with revision of the work of the Second Year together with he development of the remainder of the systems of the human body.
ATTENDANCE. While attendance at lectures is not compulsory, students are required to attend practical classes and demonstrations.
REQu1REMMENTs. Students must provide themselves with a set of dissecting instru- ments and a half set of bones.
Microscopes may be hired at the department. Students are supplied with slides against a deposit, a rental fee being charged.
Students are required to wear white coats in the Dissecting Room.
Booxs. (a) Prescribed textbooks:
'Ca~ s Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied. (32nd or subsequent ed., Longmans.) or 'Lockhart, R. D., Hamilton, G. F., and Fyfe, F. W.—Anatomy of the Human
B . (Faber, 1959. )
or *C 's Textbook of Anatomy. (10th ed., O.U.P., 1964. )
scunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy. 3 vols. (11th or subsequent ed., O.U.P.)
*Ham, A. W., and Leeson, T. S.—Histology. (4th or subsequent ed., Lippincott. ) or *Bloom, W., and Fawcett, D.—Textbook of Histology. (8th or subsequent ed.,
Saunders.)
*Patten, B. M.—Human Embryology. (2nd or subsequent ed., Blakiston. ) or *Arey, L. B. Developmental Anatomy. (6th or subsequent ed., Saunders.)
*Arey, L. B.—Human Histology. (1st or subsequent ed., Saunders.) (b) Vacation reading:
Clark, W. E. Le Gros.—The Tissues of the Body. (5th ed., O.U.P., 1965. ) EXAMINATION. At the end of the Second Year: Anatomy (Pass and Honours) : One 3-hour written paper, oral examination. Histology and Embryology (Pass and Honours): One 3-hour written paper, oral examination.
At the end of the course in Third Year: Anatomy ( Pass and Honours) : One 3-hour written paper covering the subject of Anatomy, oral examination. Histology and Embryology (Pass and Honours): One 3-hour written paper covering the subject of Histology and Embryology, oral examination. Honours: An additional oral exam- ination in Anatomy and in Histology and Embryology will be given.
802-2,802-4,802-5. PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
These subjects are taken as one subject during the Second Year, and are divided in the Third Year, as follows:
Second Year—Physiology and Biochemistry.
Third Year—(i) Physiology including Pharmacology;
(ii) Biochemistry.
SECOND YEAR SYLLABUS
Physiology: Cellular and general physiology. Nerve. Muscle. Body Fluids.
Circulatory system. Respiration.
Biochemistry: Revision of the reactions of the main organic groupings in tissues.
Systematic study of the physical and chemical properties of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids, and their role in the structure of tissues. Aspects of their metabolism.
LECTURES. One lecture per week is given in each of Physiology and Biochemistry throughout the year and a third in either Physiology or Biochemistry. Details of lec- tures are posted on the departmental notice boards.
TUTORIALS. One tutorial in Physiology is held per fortnight throughout the year.
Details are posted on the departmental notice boards.
PRACTICAL CLASSES. Two classes per fortnight in Physiology, and two classes per fortnight in Biochemistry alternating throughout the year. Details are posted on de- partmental notice boards.
Enrolment for Practical Classes: Students work in pairs and may arrange a partner for practical work. All students should report to the Russell Grimwade School of Biochemistry during the week of February 23rd-27th, 1970. They will then be allotted a group for both Physiology and Biochemistry practical work; those who do not report to the Biochemistry Department will be allotted partners. Students who will be absent from Melbourne during the week should inform the Biochemistry Department in writing of their intended partners before the end of that week. No further enrolment is required in the Physiology Department.
Biochemistry.
The apparatus used for practical biochemistry is supplied by the Biochemistry Department.
Physiology.
Each pair of students requires:
(1) Dissecting set in good order (2) A 100°C thermometer
(3) A centigrade clinical thermometer 71
Each student requires:
(1) a laboratory manual.
(2) a name disc.
(3) a white coat.
(4) a practical note book No. la from the University book room or its equivalent.
(5) a roll of recording paper obtainable from the Physiology Department, room N212.
Attendance. See Handbook—Regulations, chapter 7, regulation 335. Each stu- dent is required to answer questions set out in the laboratory manual. These answers are corrected and assessed throughout the year. Each student is required to write one essay of three foolscap pages during the 2nd term.
Boors.
Physiology: (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Hartridge H., and D'Silva, J. L.—Bainbridge and Menzies: Essentials of Physio- logy (11th ed., Longmans, 1965.)
Students are reminded that the following classics are available in paperback editions and they would do well to purchase them and read them:
Beaumont, W. Experiments and Observations on Gastric Juice and Physiology of Digestion. (12/Dover, Constable.)
Bernard, C. Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. (Collier) (Dover, Constable.)
Cannon, W. B.—Wisdom of the
Body.
(Norton 205, Oldbourne.) Clendening,L.—Source Book of Me
dical History. (Dover, Constable.) Dawson, W. R. The Beginnings, Egypt and Assyria. (Clio Medica, Hafner.) Gerard, R. W. Food for Life. (U. of Chic. P.)Granit, R.—Receptors and Sensory Perception. (Y59, Yale.) Harvey, W.—On the Motion of Heart and Blood. (26073-Gate.) Katz, B.—Nerve, Muscle and Synapse. ( McGraw-Hill, 1966.) Nicolle, J.—Louis Pasteur. (R290-Prem: )
Osier, W.—Aequanimitas. (Norton 129, Oldbourne. ) Pavlov, I. P.—Conditioned Reflexes. (Dover, Constable.)
Sherrington, C. Integrative Action of the Nervous System. (Y35, Yale.) Sigerist, H. E.—Civilization and Disease. (U. of Chic. P.)
Walter, W. Grey—The Living Brain. (N153-Nort.) Zinsser, H.—Rats, Lice and History. (SP116-Ban. )
(b) Prescribed textbooks:
Dayson, H., and Eggleton, M. G.—Starling's Principles of Human Physiology.
(14th ed., Churchill, 1968.)
or Wright, S.—Applied Physiology. ( 11th ed., O.U.P., 1965.)
or *Cuyton, A. C.—Textbook of Medical Physiology. (3rd ed., Saunders, 1966.) Practical Notes published by Department. (On sale in the Department. )
(c) Recommended for reference:
Ruch, T. C., and Patton, H. D.—Physiology and Biophysics. ( 19th ed., Saunders, 1965.)
Dayson, H.—A Textbook of General Physiology. (3rd ed., Churchill, 1964.) Handbook
of
Physiology. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. (American PhysiologicalSociety.)
Biochemistry. (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Clowes, R.—The Structure of Life. (Penguin, 1967.) Rose, S.—The Chemistry
of
Life. (Penguin, 1966.)(b) Prescribed textbooks:
MacKenzie, C. A.—Unified Organic Chemistry. (Harper International Reprint, Harper and Row, 1964.)
Conn, E. E., and Stumpf, P. K.-Outlines of Biochemistry. (2nd
ed.,
Wiley Int.ed., Wiley, 1968.) and Bartley, W., Birt, L. M., and Banks, P.—The Bio- chemistry of the Tissues. (Wiley, 1968.) (Neither text on its own adequately covers the course.)
or
Karlson, P.—Introduction to Modern Biochemistry. (3rd ed., Academic Press, 1968.)•
or Mahler, H. R., and Cordes, E. H.—Basic Biological Chemistry. (Harper and Row, 1968.)
or West, E. S., Todd, W. R., Mason, H. S., and Van Bruggen, J. T.—Textbook of Biochemistry. ( 4th ed., Collier-Macmillan, 1966.)
(c) Recommended for reference:
Cantarow, A., and Schepartz, B.—Biochemistry. (4th ed., Saunders 1967.) Harrow, B., and Mazur, A.—Textbook of Biochemistry. (9th ed., Saunders,
1966.)
Mahler, H. R., and Cordes, E. H.—Biological Chemistry. (Harper International ed., I-Iarper & Row, 1966. )
White, A., Handler, P., and Smith, E. L.-Principles of Biochemistry. (4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1968.)
Selected topics from Scientific American.
EXAMINATION. A 2-hour written paper in each subject; practical tests if work in class is unsatisfactory. Viva voce tests in both or either part of the subject as notified by the Departments concerned. Biochemistry may set two tests during the year covering both lectures and practical work.
THIRD YEAR (i) Physiology including Pharmacology.
SYLLABUS. (1) Physiology. The physiology of those systems and mechanisms of the mammal not treated in - the Second Year course and (2) Pharmacology.
Physiology and pharmacology of junctional transmission in the peripheral, autonomic and somatic neuro-effector systems and in the central nervous system. The bio- chemistry, physiology and pharmacology of the neurohormones and allied drugs. The effects of drugs on neurohumoral transmission. Local hormones and other pharmaco- logically active substances occurring naturally in tissues: their role in physiological and pathological processes and the modification of their actions by drugs. The pharmacology of the endocrine system, including pharmaceutical hormonal prepara- tions, their synthetic analogues and antagonists, and drugs which interact with hormones and endocrine glands.
LECTURES. Three lectures per week in Physiology and Pharmacology throughout the two terms of the Div. II year.
TUTORIALS AND DEMONSTRATIONS. One tutorial per week in Physiology and one tutorial per fortnight in Pharmacology are given throughout the Div. I1 academic year. In addition six demonstrations in clinical physiology are held at the teaching hospitals. Details of these classes are posted on the departmental notice boards.
PRACTICAL CLASSES. Ten classes are held throughout the Div. II academic year;
these include three Pharmacology classes. Each student attends one class (2 clays ) per fortnight. Students work in pairs and enrolment is made with the Biochemistry department ( see below). Details of practical classes are posted on the notice hoards in the Physiology Department and in the Pharmacology Department, 4th floor, Micro- biology Building.
Requirements. Each pair of students requires—
(1) Dissecting instruments (in good order ) (2) a 100°C thermometer
(3) a centigrade clinical thermometer.
Each student requires:
(1) a white coat.
(2 a name disc.
(3) a laboratory manual.
(4) a practical book, No. Ia, from University book room, or its equivalent.
(5) a roll of recording paper. This is obtainable from Room N212, Physiology Department.
Attendance. See handbook—Regulations, Chapter 7, Regulation 3.35.
Essays. Each student is required to write one essay of 15 foolscap pages on a set topic. This essay is to be completed by a date early in 1st term of Div. II academic year. The title and due date are posted at the end of the Div. IIA year.
73