amination will test the candidates' ability to recognize and interpret specimens illustrating relevant morbid anatomy and histology.
It is recommended that, in addi
ti
on to standard textbooks of Pathology, the pathological sections of standard works on the specialty be studied.A knowledge of relev
an
t pathological topics appearing in current medical period- icals in the English language will be expected.Boots. Recommended as a basis of study:
Turner (ed.
)—Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear.
(7th ed., Wright 1968. ) Cappell, D.F.—Muir's Textbook of Pathology. (8th
ed. Arnold, 1965.)or
Robbins, S.L.—Textbook of Pathology.
( 3rd ed., Saunders, 1967.)Radiation Protection Standards, N.H. & M.R.C. (1964.) MICROBIOLOGY
The examination will require candidates to have a knowledge of:
(a) the general biological characters of bacteria and viruses;
(b) a
detailed knowledge of those organisms responsible for infections of the ear, nose and throat;(c) problems of infection including cross-infection-in hospitals;
(d) immunology including autoimmune diseases,
tran
splan
tati
on problems and serology;(e) principles involved in chemotherapy, sterilization and disinfection.
Boors. Recommended for reference:
jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L.,
and
Adelberg, E.A.—Review of Medical Microbiology.
8th ed., Lange Medical Publications, 1968.)
Davis, B. D., Dulbecco, R., Eisen H. N., Ginsberg, H. S., and Wood, W. B.—
Microbiology. (Hoeber,
1968.)Florey,
H.--General Pathology.
( 3rd ed., Lloyd-Luke, 1962.) Gray, D.F.—Immunology.
(2nd ed., Cheshire
, 1969. )Rubbo, S. D.,
and
Gardner, J. F.—AReview of Sterilization and Disinfection.
(Lloyd-Luke, 1965.)
Humphrey, J. H.,
and
White, R.G. Immunology for Students of Medicine.
(3rd
ed., Blackwell, 1969.)Relev
an
t bacteriological topics in current American, Australian and English medical journals.EXAMINATION. One 3-hour written paper; one 3-hour practical test;
Viva Voce examination.
DIPLOMA IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY (Regulation 3.40)
Note.—(1
) Candidates are advised to register in the first instance with the Secretary, Faculty of Medicine.(2) Before entering for the examination in Part I candidates are required to present certificates of practice (at least two years, including one year spent in a resident appointment in
a
general hospital).(3) Before entering for the examination in Part II candidates are required to present certificates of experience as specified below. Candidates admitted ad
eundem statum
are required, in addition, to present certificates of three months' approved experience in the Clinical Schools of this University.PART I
or Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy. (10th ed., O.U.P., 1964.)
Arey, L. B. Developmental Anatomy. ( 6th or subsequent ed., Saunders.) or Patten, B. M.-Human Embryology. ( 2nd or subsequent ed., Blakiston. )
In addition, candidates are expected to keep themselves informed of work appearing in periodical literature.
EXAMINATION: One 3-hour written paper; oral examination.
PHYSIOLOGY
The examination may include questions relating to the physiological behaviour of any of the anatomical systems of the body.
Boors. (a) Prescribed textbooks:
Best, C. H., and Taylor, N. B.—Physiological Basis of Medical Practice. (8th ed., Williams & Wilkins, 1966.)
Wright, S.—Applied Physiology. (11th ed., O.U.P., 1965.) (b) Recommended for reference:
Ruch, T. C., and Patton, H. D.—Physiology and Biophysics. (19th ed., Saunders, 1965.)
EXAMINATION. One 3-hour written paper; viva voce examination.
PHYSICS
Revision of direct current electricity, including Ohm's law; simple treatment (including practical units) of voltage, current, resistance, power, capacity, heating and magnetic effects of a current. Electromagnetic induction; Lenz's law. Alternating current ( simple theory only) ; wave form; frequency; power factor. The transformer;
principles, construction, transformation ratio, regulation, efficiency, current and voltage limits, calibration. Special features of diagnostic X-ray transformer. Auto transformer.
Control and measurement of high tension voltage. Thermionic currents; the two- electrode valve, vacuum and solid state rectifiers.
The electromagnetic spectrum; production of X-rays—their properties (with special reference to the photographic action); general and characteristic X-rays (simple treatment); distribution of energy in the X-ray spectrum; practical factors controlling distribution; absorption and scattering of X-rays. The diagnostic X-ray tube; design of cathode and anode; circular and line focus; dual focus; rotating anode tubes; rating charts; cooling curves; causes of tube failure. High tension circuits used in diagnostic X-ray equipment with practical indications for and limitation of each type; self-rectified, single valve, two-valve, four-valve, mechanically rectified and condenser discharge circuits. Special features of shock-proof equipment. Auxiliary apparatus, including timers (hand, valve, synchronous motor, impulse and photo- electric types); stabilizers; milliampere-second meter; overload protection; line vol- tage compensation; tube and filament current boosters. Monitor-controlled equipment.
The physical factors determining a good radiograph ( geometrical factors, intensi- fying screens, non-screen film, stationary and moving grids, cones, developers, contrast, optimum density). Processing of films; function of developer and fixer; effect of time and temperature changes; processing faults in films. Automatic processing. Physical principles underlying special diagnostic apparatus (including tomograph, stereoscopic radiographs, localization of foreign bodies, pelvic mensuration). Physical principles involved in fluoroscopic examination. Image amplification. Technical principles of miniature radiography; lens and mirror cameras. High voltage radiography. X-ray protection and protective materials; protection of personnel and patients; electrical protection; design of radio-diagnostic departments.
PRACTICAL WORK. Simple alternating current phenomena. The transformer;
demonstration of chief characteristics. Investigation with cathode ray oscillograph of current and voltage conditions for various types of valve-rectified circuits. Investigation of physical factors determining a good radiograph ( size of focal spot; focal-film distance; object-film distance; area of beam ); intensifying screens of different speeds;
effects of grids. Investigation of photographic procedures; film developers for X-ray and ordinary films; general principles of medical photography. Method of localization of foreign bodies. Production of standard protection films. Measurements of stray
radiation in a diagnostic X-ray department. Study of protective materials. Visits to various diagnostic installations.
Boors. Recommended for reference:
van der Plaats—Medical X-ray Technique. (2nd ed., Philips Technical Library, 1961.)
Robertson, J. K.—Radiology Physics. (D. Van Nostrand Co.)
Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection I.C.R.P. Publication 9. Pergamon Press.
Recommendations of the Intemational Commission on Radiological Protection.
I.C.R.P. Publication 3. Pergamon Press.
Radiation Protection Standards, N.H. & M.R.C. (1964.)
In addition candidates are expected to keep themselves informed of appropriate matter in current radiological periodicals in the English language.
EXAMINATION. One 3-hour paper; oral if necessary.
PART II
The experience required of a candidate presenting for Part II shall be:
1. A period of twelve months as a resident medical officer in a general hospital with experience equivalent to four months as Resident Medical Officer to each of In-patient Medicine and Surgery.
2. Two years in a full-time appointment in a Diagnostic X-ray Department of a general hospital forming part of a clinical school recognized by the Aus- tralasian Universities. In the case of a hospital or department not so recog- nized, the Faculty of Medicine will require from the candidate particular details of his experience, the acceptance of which will enable him to proceed with the Diploma.
3. A minimum attendance of 20 sessions for Radiology in Paediatrics and of 10 sessions for Radiology in Obstetrics and of 10 sessions for studying radio- isotopic organ imaging techniques at Diagnostic Departments of general or special hospitals forming part of a clinical school recognized by the Australasian Universities.
Work performed in the Diagnostic X-ray Departments referred to in the paragraphs above must be under the direction of qualified Radiologists.
RADIODIAGNOSIS The examination may include questions relevant to—
(i) X-ray machines, tubes, accessories; their choice, use and maintenance.
The various exposure factors; their use in controlling exposure. Deter- mination of relative speeds and other qualities of filins and intensifying screens. Construction and use of exposure charts.
(ii) Radiographic technique in the examination of all parts of the body. Tech- nique of fluoroscopic examination. Use of contrast media. Location of foreign bodies.
(iii) Methods of marking films for identification. Dark room equipment and technique. Subsequent photographic processes; prints, lantern slides, etc.
(iv) Principles of protection of patients and personnel against radiation hazards.
(v) Interpretation of films; differential diagnosis; correlation with clinical find- ings. Methods of reporting.
(vi) Organization of an X-ray department; the keeping of records.
(vii) Radioisotopic organ imaging.
Special emphasis will be placed on section (v) of the syllabus.
In addition, candidates will be expected to possess a sound knowledge of the general medical and general surgical aspects of all conditions related to the specialty.
Boors. Recommended for reference:
Clarke; K. C. Positioning in Radiography. (5th ed., Heinemann.) Brailsford, J. F.—Radiology of Bones and Joints. (Churchill, 1953.)
Text-hook of X-ray Diagnosis by British Authors—Edited by Shanks, S. C., and Kerley, P. (2nd ed., Lewis.)
Prendergrass, E. P., Schaffer, J. P., and Hoades, P. J.—Head and Neck in Roentgen Diagnosis. (Charles C. Thomas, 1957.)
Caffey, J. Paediatric X-ray Diagnosis. (4th ed., Year Book Publishers.) 107
Lasser, Elliott
C. Dynamic
Factors in Roentgen Diagnosis. (Williams &Williams, 1967.)
McLaren, J. W. (
ed. )-Modern
Trends in Diagnostic Radiology. (2nd and 3rd series, Butterworth.)Meschan, I.—An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy. (Saunders, 1951.) Meschan,
I.—Roentgen
Signs in Clinical Diagnosis. ( Saunders, 1956.) Simon,G.—Principles
of Chest X-
ray Diagnosis. (Butterworth, 1946.) Simon,G. Principles
of Bone X-
ray Diagnosis. (Butterworth, 1960.) Epstein, Bernard S.—
The Spine. (Lea and Febiger.)Kohler,
Alban.
—Borderlands
of the Normal and Early Pathological in Skeletal Roentgenology—
English translation. (Crune & Stratton, 1956.)Hutchinson, A. C. W.
—
Dental and Oral X-
ray Diagnosis. (Livingstone, 1954.) A knowledge of appropriate matter in current periodicals in the English language will be expected.EXAMINATION. One 3-hour written paper; viva voce examination, and written reports on films, practical examinations in Radiographic and Fluoroscopic techniques.