A "course of 191 lectures, 183 hours tutorials and 56 hours practical work.
The composition of the course is as follows:
1. M O M E N T U M , HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN FLUIDS (about 26 hours lectures, 26 hours tutorials)
The theory of mass transfer is developed in two ways. Firstly, building on the concept of diffusion studied in Chemical Engineering I an understanding of the mass transfer coefficient is developed. Theories include the film theory, pene- tration theory and surface renewal model. Binary systems in single and two phase flow are considered. Transfer units and the basic rate equation for design are introduced. The theory of mass transfer is also included in the overall development of the equations of change. These are the equations of continuity, motion and energy for isothermal and non-isothermal systems including single and multicomponent applications. By using the equations in their dimensionless format the logical development and understanding of dimensionless numbers, e.g. Reynolds number is pursued. Applications of the equations to problem solving are illustrated. The concept of turbulence is revised and the equations of change for turbulent systems developed and used to illustrate the application of the analogy between mass, heat and momentum transfer.
2. MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS (about 26 hours lectures, 26 hours tutorials)
P-V-T relationships for real fluids. Phase equilibrium thermodynamics. Single stage equilibrium separation processes, analytical and graphical approaches, non equilibrium performance. Multi-stage separation processes, continuous contact operations, such as gas absorption, binary distillation, liquid extraction.
3. CONVECTIVE AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER (about 26 hours lectures 26 hours tutorials)
The important factors governing convective heat transfer between two fluids in a heat exchanger and how these affect the operating characteristics of heat exchangers are studied. The performance of various types of heat exchangers and their design and selection for a particular task are discussed with particular reference to shell and tube heat exchangers. Forced and natural convection correlations. Heat transfer during condensation and boiling. Design and opera- tion of evaporator systems.
The basic laws and properties of radiative heat transfer are introduced and applied to the radiative transfer of heat between ideal and non-ideal bodies. The influence of geometric factors is studied and radiation from hot gases and flames is discussed.
4 . FLUID MECHANICS, PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND FLUID SOLID INTERACTIONS (about 26 hours lectures and 26 hours tutorials)
The basic principles of fluid mechanics studied in Chemical Engineering 1 are applied to the design and evaluation of piping systems and process equipment involving fluid flow. The equipment studied includes pumps, with particular emphasis on the delivery and suction performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps, stirred vessels and filters.
The reasons for processing of solids; characteristics of raw materials. Size preparation—reduction and/or enlargement; size separation. Characteristics of particulate matter; particle interactions in processing systems including consideration of solids/liquid separation, principles of sedimentation—thick- ening and clarification.
5. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL REACTOR PRINCIPLES (about 26 hours lectures, 26 hours tutorials)
A revision of thermodynamics associated with reaction equilibria leading to the prediction of equilibrium constants and compositions. Chemical kinetics as a basis for reaction design. Types of reactors. Consideration of isothermal, adiabatic and non isothermal, nonadiabatic systems consisting of a single homogeneous reaction in a single reactor.
Comparison of single ideal reactor models for single reaction systems. Effect of varying feed composition. Multiple ideal reactor model systems with single reactions. Flow characteristics of real reactors and effect of departure from ideal models. Conversion in real, homogeneous reaction systems. Homoge- neous multiple reaction systems. Optimization.
6. PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL (about 13 hours lectures and 13 hours tutorials)
Dynamics of simple processes, transfer functions, block diagram algebra, simple control loops. Response of systems to simple stimuli. Three term controllers.
7. PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN (about 23 hours lectures and 10 hours tutorials)
Stress, strain. Analysis of stress and strain, principal stresses, Poisson ratio.
Mohr's stress circle. Material behaviour, elastic and inelastic. Bending of beams, deflections, effect of constraints. Combined axial and bending stresses. Column behaviour.
Standards and codes of practice. Pressure vessel design. Piping. Selection of fluid moving devices. Seals.
8. ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (about 10 hours lectures) The course Engineering Economic Analysis is designed to bring students to an understanding of all the patterns of cash flow which occur during the life of a project, how these cash flows are determined, how they are used to determine profitability criteria and how uncertainties in estimated costs can affect profit- ability criteria. Exercise in applying this knowledge will be provided in Process Engineering.
SYLLABUS
Cost estimation, the time value of money, taxation, depreciation, inflation, profitability,, alternative investments, introduction' to risk and uncertainty in profitability estimation.
9. BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING (about 15 hours lectures)
A series of lectures with the emphasis on the quantification of microbial growth and product formation.
SYLLABUS
Microbial growth: qualitative aspects. Brief outline of microbial reproduction methods. Spores and their practical significance.
Laboratory and industrial techniques for cultivation of micro-organisms. Inocu- lation procedures. Selection, screening and maintenance of commercial cul- tures. Media.
Batch growth of a pure culture. Concept of growth limiting nutrient. Continuous methods. Practical problems in continuous cultures.
Quantification of microbial growth and product formation. Methods for estimat- ing growth. Stoichiometry and energetics of growth and product formation.
Concepts of yield and maintenance energy.
Enzyme kinetics. Inhibition. Comparison with chemical catalysis. In Vitro enzy- mic reactions of industrial significance. Immobilised enzymes.
Empirical and mechanistic mathematical models of microbial growth. Monod model and its application in design of microbial reactors. Modifications of the Monod model.
Environmental-factors influencing microbial growth. Instrumentation for control of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc., in microbial reactors. Computer control.
10. PROCESS ENGINEERING (about 30 hours seminars)
The process engineer is responsible for creating and analysing processing systems which economically transform raw material, energy and know how into useful products. The process engineering course is aimed at the strategy involved in solving the problems encountered in the creation and analysis of processing systems. The Chemical Engineering 2 component builds on the systems concept developed in Chemical Engineering 1 and introduces investi- gation of alternatives, design variables in process analysis and economic concepts.
11. PRACTICAL WORK
A series of one day laboratory exercises which illustrate the principles of the lecture material covered in the course. About 56 hours of practical work are necessary.
ASSESSMENT
All laboratory work and assignments from 411-301 (10) Process Engineering will be assessed and included in the final results. Tutorial work and other submitted work may be taken into account in determining the final results.
Examinations are:—
1. Momentum, Heat and Mass transfer in fluids;
— One 3-hour written paper 2. Mass Transfer Operations;
— One 3-hour written paper
3. Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer;
— One 3-hour written paper
4. Fluid Mechanics, Properties of Solids and Fluid Solid Interactions;
— One 3-hour written paper
5. Introduction to Chemical Reactor Principles;
— One 3-hour written paper 6. Process Dynamics and Control;
— One 1 Vi-hour written paper 7. Process Equipment Design;
— One 3-hour written paper 8. Engineering Economic Analysis;
— One 1 Vi-hour written paper 9. Biochemical Engineering;
— One 1 Vi-hour written paper
The weighting of component parts of the assessment will be displayed on the departmental noticeboards before the commencement of the academic year.