PART VI-VENTILATION: PART VI-VENTILATION
DIVISION 23-FIXTURE DIVISION 23-FIXTURE TRAPS
124. Fixtures to be Trapped. Each water-closet pan, urinal, slop or other sink, basin, bath, washtub or set of washtubs, or any other fixture shall be separately and effectively trapped except as provided for in By-law 125, and every trap shall be so fixed as to be easily accessible.
125. Omission of Fixture Traps. Except in the case of the single-pipe system, baths, showers, basins, washtubs, and sinks may remain untrapped where fixed in •the open air or in a detached outbuilding or under a house, provided that the length of the waste pipe does not exceed six feet.
66 By-laws 126-131 SEWERAGE BY-LAWS
126. Position of Traps. The trap shall be fixed under and as close to the fixture as practicable, but shall not be more than three feet from any fixture.
127. Materials for Traps. Traps for all fixtures other than water-closet pans, urinals, and slop sinks shall be of copper, brass, six pounds drawn lead, or other approved material. Copper traps shall be formed from seamless solid drawn tubes and their thickness shall nowhere be less than 18 gauge. Traps for urinals fixed above ground floor level shall be of cast iron, lead, or brass. Cast brass or such like traps shall not be fixed to porcelain basins in wooden buildings.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926; amended by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
128. Seal of Traps. All fixture traps shall have a trap seal as may be authorised, but no trap shall have a seal less than two inches in depth.
129. Type of Trap. The types of trap on or connected to fixtures shall be those known as the "P" or "S" trap, which shall be self-cleansing in action.
No other type of trap with the exception of hospital, bag, running, or adjustable traps shall be connected to a fixture unless such type is authorised for use in special circumstances.
Plaster traps, where required for collecting and arresting all kinds of plaster and preventing their discharge into a house drain or sewer, shall be of such form and construction as may be approved or authorised.
130. Access for Cleaning of Traps. The trap of any fixture other than a water closet pan or slop sink shall be provided with access for cleaning purposes. Such cleaning provision shall consist of an approved screwed plug fixed directly under the dip of the trap or alternatively traps may be of an approved design incorporating a screwed union for this purpose.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926.
DIVISION 24-WATER CLOSETS
131. Dimensions of Water Closets. No room, apartment or compartment, building or part thereof shall be used as a water closet unless such has been approved for this purpose.
Except as provided hereafter, no water closet shall have less than the following internal clear dimensions:-
Height-6 feet 6 inches.
Width-3 feet.
Length-S feet.
In every water closet, each water-closet pan shall be fixed in a space four feet by three feet by six feet six inches high, clear of any other fixtures or fittings save the flushing cistern for such pan.
In the case of an existing building, if in the opinion of the engineer any room, apartment or compartment therein is suitable for use as a water closet, notwithstanding •the fact that it does not comply with the above requirements as to internal clear dimensions he may approve its use as a water closet.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926; amended by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
SEWERAGE BY-LAWS By-laws 132-134 61 132. Construction of Water Closets. Unless otherwise approved each water closet shall be provided with one door only. Any door oto a water closet shall swing clear of the pan and be capable of being fastened inside.
Every water closet shall be sited so as to secure privacy, and, in the case of external water closets, whether existing at the time of coming into force of this amendment or not, the entrance shall be screened by the owner if the engineer so directs and in the manner and in the time referred to in such direction.
External water closets built on the ground level or less than twelve inches above the ground level shall have a floor of concrete of not less than four inches in thickness or other approved material finished to a smooth surface and graded to a fall of not less than one-quarter inch to the foot, or as may be approved, and shall have the floor protected by a rat baffie wall of ratproof material from such floor down two feet below ground level or on •to rock.
An internal water closet shall have an impervious floor: Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a water closet in a dwelling-house, other than a water closet situated over or above any room in such dwelling-house.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926; as amended by Order in Council, Gazette 9 September 1967, p. 103.
133. Air Locks for Water Closets. No water closet, other than a water closet attached to a motel unit or a bedroom and provided for the exclusive use of the occupants of such unit or bedroom, shall be capable of being entered directly from any room used for the manufacture, prepara- tion, consumption, or storage of food or drink or as a factory or work- shop or from any auditorium, hall or room used for public purposes.
In cases where otherwise such water closet is capable of being entered from any such room, auditorium or hall, an ante-chamber or air lock com- pletely disconnected from such water closet shall be provided having a floor area of not less than 20 square feet having a width of not less than three feet. Each air lock shall be provided with constant fresh air ventila- tion of an effective outlet area of not less than 27 square inches to the open air, or alternatively, shall be ventilated by a mechanical system of ventilation in compliance with By-law 191. An air lock may be lighted by an approved means of artificial light or if lighted naturally shall be provided with a glazed window or skylight of not less than two square feet of glass area.
Where an air lock is required to be provided in accordance with this By-law both the door to the air lock and the door to the water closet shall be fitted with a self-closing device.
In cases where an air lock is not required in accordance with the first paragraph of this By-law, if in the opinion of the engineer, the room, the passage, lobby or stair-case upon which ·the water closet opens is not well ventilated, an air lock as above shall be provided.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926; as amended by Order in Council, Gazette 9 September 1967, p. 103.
134. Ventilation and Lighting of Water Closets. Every water closet shall comply with ·the following conditions:-
( a) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this By-law, one of the sides of every water closet within a building shall be on an external wall of such building abutting on to an open
68 By-law 134 SEWERAGE BY-LAWS
space in a street or land or within the premises. Such open space shall have the following minimum dimensions and area measured in a horizontal plane at the level of ·the lowest part of the provision for lighting referred to in paragraph (b) of this By-law:-
Where the Where the Where the
- -
building is of building is of building is one storey two storeys over twostoreys Area measured in a 36 sq. ft. 72 sq. ft. 96 sq. ft.
horizontal plane ..
Horizontal dimension
3 feet 6 feet 8 feet
perpendicular to wall
The open space in the street or lane or within the premises on which such external wall abuts shall, except as provided in the next succeeding paragraph, continue vertically upwards undiminished by any obstruotion which in the opinion of the engineer would impede the natural lighting and/ or ventilation. The engineer may approve of the con- struction of a screen wall outside such external wall provided the area of glazing and ventilation in such external wall is so increased and the screen wall is so designed that in his opinion the lighting and ventilation will be adequate.
(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) below, each water closet within a building shall be provided with natural lighting by glazed louvres or a window capable of being opened in either case of not less than two square feet of glass area per water-closet pan or twelve and one-half per centum of the floor area, whichever is the greater, situated in the external wall.
(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) below, each water closet shall be provided with constant fresh air ventila- tion. The net effective area provided for outlet ventilation of each water closet shall be not less than 27 square inches per water-closet pan installed therein. If the glazed louvres provided in acoordance with paragraph (b) above are fixed open to provide the equivalent of the aforementioned net effective area, they shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this paragraph.
(d) Water closets may be ventilated by a mechanical system of ventilation discharging to the open air in an approved manner in compliance with the requirements of By-law 191. Where such a system of ventilation is approved, each water closet so ventilated shall be separately lighted by an approved means of artificial light.
(e) Where circumstances preclude the location, lighting and ventilation of water closets in the manner set out in para- graphs (a), (b), and (c) above, the engineer may approve the lighting and ventilation of such water closets through the
SEWERAGE BY-LAWS By-laws 135-138 69
roof of the building, by the use of a sky-light of a minimum glass area of two square feet and a cowled vent of an area of
27 square inches per water closet pan.
(f) If more than one water closet pan is installed in a water closet, each pan shall be provided with a compartment of internal clear dimensions not less than five feet by three feet.
Each division wall shall extend at least six feet above the floor and shall be at least 6 inches clear of the floor of the water closet and a minimum distance of two feet shall be provided between the top of any such wall and the ceiling of the water closet. Each compartment shall be provided with a door which shall swing clear of the pan and be capable of being fastened inside.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926; as amended by Orders in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61; 9 September 1967, p. 103.
135. Alterations to Existing Water Closets. The owner of any existing water closet on any premises which, in the opinion of the engineer or inspector, requires any structural alteration or repair shall, on notice in writing from the Council, carry out any a1teration or repair as shall be specified in such notice, and the owner shall comply within a time specified in such notice.
As amended by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926.
135A. Water Closets for Institutions and Schools. The requirements of By-laws 131 and 134 may be varied by the engineer to suit the special needs of inst1tutions, infant schools, and kindergartens.
Inserted by Order in Council, Gazette 14 February 1959, p. 926.
DIVISION 25-WATER-CLOSET PANS
136. Water-Closet Pans. Water-closet pans shall be of approved material with a smooth well-glazed surface of non-absorbent material, and of capacity, construction, and design in accordance with the relevant Australian Standards Specification, or as otherwise approved. They shall have the basin and trap in one piece.
Water-closet pans and the fittings thereto shall not be enclosed and the whole fixture shall be open to inspection.
Each water-closet pan shall have a trap seal as may be authorised, but no trap shall have a seal less than one and three-quarter inches in depth.
Each water-closet pan shall have an outlet of not less than three and one-half inches or more than four inches in diameter, except in the case of siphonic water-closet pans.
As amended by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
137. Juvenile Water-Closet Pans. The requirements of these By-laws shall apply to juvenile water-closet pans fixed in any premises.
138. Fixing of Water-Closet Pans. Water-closet pans shall be fixed to the floor or to the wall. Brass screws shall be used to fix the pan to the floor, provided that lead or other approved plugs shall be used where the floor is of concrete or similar material. Wall hung pans shall be built in to a brick or concrete wall, or be supported on approved brackets fixed with
70 By-laws 139-141 SEWERAGE BY-LAWS
brass screws or with bolts of corrosion-resistant materials. Screws and bolts for wall fixing shall not be attached to the wall sheeting but shall be fixed in an approved manner to the solid wall or to the wall framework.
In any building where in the opinion of the engineer, movement between the pan and soil pipe or house drain is likely to occur and a wall hung pan is used or where the bottom plate (or the top of the stump) is more than eighteen inches above ground level, the water-closet pan shall be connected to the soil pipe or soil vent pipe by means of a lead bend or other approved flexible connection. Where the plate is eighteen inches or less above ground level and an approved flexible connection cannot be made, a floor mounted water-closet pan shall be fixed on a concrete block which block shall be not less than 18 inches by 12 inches and shall be set on solid ground. The top of the block shall be finished flush with the floor and be trowelled to a smooth surface.
Water-closet pans shall be fixed so that all joints are easily accessible for inspection and repair.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
139. Water-Closet Pan Seats. Where provided, water-closet pan seats shall be of approved construction and material so as to provide a non- absorbent smooth surface free from cracks and crevices.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
140. Vent Hom on Water-Closet Pans. Vent horns where provided and where not required for anti-siphonage purposes shall be sealed with a lead disc and bituminous filler or by a lead cap piece or by any other approved methods.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 1 March 1958, p. 1022.
141. Water-Closet Pan Trap Anti-siphonage. Each water-closet pan, except siphonic pans, shall have a two-inch diameter anti-siphonage pipe connected to the vent horn on the water-closet pan except as other- wise provided for in this By-law.
In an internal water closet where one water-closet pan only is connected to a soil vent pipe or vented house drain and is fixed not more than ten feet from such soil vent pipe or vented house drain measured along the centre of the branch from the outlet of the water-closet pan to the centre line of the soil vent pipe or vented house drain as the case may be, the anti-siphonage pipe may be omitted provided that the total discharge of all other fixtures connected to the soil vent pipe or vented house drain above the point of connection of the water-closet pan shall not exceed ten fixture units and that siphonage does not occur.
Where an internal water-closet pan is fixed more than ten feet from a soil vent pipe or vented house drain, such pan shall be vented with a pipe of two inches diameter which may be connected to an inverted junction fixed on the soil vent pipe or educt vent pipe above the level of the top of the water-closet pan, or alternatively taken through the roof with a wire basket affixed at the top.
Where such vents are taken off the vent horn of the pan they shall be connected thereto as prescribed by By-law 121 of these By-laws. If taken from a point other than the pan vent horn, they shall be connected at a point not more than five feet from the crown of the trap measured along the pipe.
SEWERAGE BY-LAWS By-laws 142, 143 71
Where not more than two water-closet pans only are fixed in an external water closet, anti-siphonage pipes may be omitted, except where siphonage occurs, in which case an anti-siphonage pipe of two inches diameter shall be provided.
Where there are more than two external water-closet pans grouped on the ground floor or in the yard of any premises, each group or part of a group of three water-closet pans may be separately vented to prevent siphonage. The size of the vent shall be in accordance with the require- ments of By-law 194 of these By-laws.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
DIVISION 26-FLUSHING APPARATUS
142. General. Approved flushing apparatus shall be provided for the effective flushing and cleansing of water-closet pans, urinals, slop sinks and such like fixtures and fittings and the effective removal therefrom of any solid or liquid matter which may be deposited therein and no such fixture or fitting shall be installed unless it is provided with approved flushing apparatus.
Such flushing apparatus shall have an approved flushing rate and shall be so constructed, fitted, placed and fixed as to prevent any direct communication between the water used for any such fittings or fixtures and the water in the supply pipe.
Substituted by Order in Council, Gazette 4 May 1965, p. 61.
143. Flushing Cisterns. Flushing cisterns for water-closet pans shall be classified as follows:-
(i) Where the vertical distance between the top of the pan and the bottom of 'the cistern is four feet or more, the cistern shall be classified as a high-level cistern;
(ii) Where the vertical distance between the top of the pan and the bottom of the cistern is one foot six inches or more, but less than four feet, the cistern shall be classified as an inter- mediate level cistern; and
(iii) Where the vertical distance between the top of the pan and the bottom of the cistern is less than one foot six inches, the cistern shall be classified as a low level cistern.
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, low level cisterns shall be supplied, tested and installed with matching pan and flush pipe complete and intermediate level cisterns shall be supplied, tested and installed with a matching flush pipe. High level cisterns shall be installed with an approved flush pipe.
All cisterns shall be provided with a circular overflow hole and over- flow fitting, screwed with !-in. B.S. pipe thread for connection to the over- flow pipe. The overflow fitting shall be fixed to the cistern by approved methods and shall have an internal diameter of at least i inch for vertical discharge and i inch for horizontal discharge. The overflow pipe shall be of galvanised mild steel, copper or other approved material and shall discharge freely in a position where it will not cause damage but where it will aot as a waste water detector.