http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz ResearchSpace@Auckland
Copyright Statement
The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand).
This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use:
• Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person.
• Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate.
• You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis.
To request permissions please use the Feedback form on our webpage.
http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/feedback
General copyright and disclaimer
In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis Consent Form.
I s'npr ol sorr aHrprnrElu gofFowDr
rgp tE|lllE[ rrcrll, plrm$
lr{prtt
trlltllt IG
SUDIt lf r tLrrlc prrrrfr0 tr thr
Utlvmrltt rf f,rr
Errlrrd,fall th.
Drgrrr rf
Drotrnrf FhllurDht
t L tEEg,
trlnruy
I90Slr
lrro DfH,te oculflcot of alslcl
(ff)
navo bcsr studl,cdl l.n tbr coil.Ld, rtetr ust-ug nagnctlo aurocptlblll.$r lnfre-z.oal and. I-raV tllf,freotto rrthodrr lrrit Ln aolutl,o by regnctJ.c rnaoqrtlblll$ ard. llcotrro!.oabrcptlo ncLurcnentl. Ihc noleculer rtnrotunc
d
aioLrlUlstbylaniltenfn
nltdtc
pcruhlcrtc (Xl2oal{0emfr) hu bccn drtcotarit ftrrcer tbat for dokcl bfrtloh$ylocd,Lutaclitrttc
gotnblcrtcfx5rur(uo2)2
(oD*)/
har bccapstirl\v
cgtabllcr6Elrd\ylocdl'uf.ac rt€hcl
(ff)
afprrttrlontc (ffaoa0fOn)nr
oryetell;lacA fr@
r
bluc !,qucqrrrolutio
ootalnlrry aotthr nttr{tc toobtaLn rrdl crtrrrtela of, llt26fOAClO4. Onc oqrannd. tn tho coI:lfl rtata
rrr
paraag!.tlo rlth a ncncat I 5.U B.X. r e valuc obtaLrodl by tho nranrrrnct of t*tc nuoqtttblltty qrrr r topentur.c nrqgr. Ia aqueor aolutLo lrarlp -rgnatl.a rer atl'Ll obcclvca h$ ihc to tbc Lr.rgc co-orillaatlng tadoy
orl ratrr nolcculcr tho illaqrro blrct\ytauiltut-rc ntcLrL (ff) oatf@ G.a
thmCbt to bc f,snd" &19 ills oocl,gt€ot rl.th thc elcotrmlo abrortr$lm rltcctnE
An l-rqy ena\yatr of {ihl.r oopood, na thcn nadt. lfceanrocot sf tlhc
.-{nl lcagtbr gavGr
F -r .-o
L
tJ '
15.15Lfaf a
10.248ftf r
8.2st8rc qnoc grmlP nr fqnil to be ollzhcr hr on hzta. qb,c formrr, hrvLng
a orat$
d ryortly,
re! ooflrncil er cornaot by a stat!,gttocltntlnt
2.
of lnteneltlccr Drers nrc fotrr nolcoulcs per nn5.t cel.l. Nlckcl etur rurc ahm by thc BpisG grqp to Llc o oqrtrce of ayuotry eDi[ hocc e
tctnbcdral odtgrretLo fc nlahrl rer ctlutnetril. lbc x aadl, r
oo-or{lnatcr for thc ohlorlaa rto rlrs obteLnc<l fru Petterlo qlmtbcrcrg tic t co-€di.lat. Er glvcn by thc BI!.Go gro{po ttro poritioqrr of tb.
rorl8frg f&bt rtmr rerr dlstcnl.ncd, fro a Eciga of Fqrr{,or eJmthrrcr.
A obrt! ttnrcturc tas fsuDd, lrrvoklng a{trlto brldgor t{nbltg rdJeoot alolcl etcnr LB slrgh 8 rrJr that oc of the onrgcn otr e nltr'.Lto
grqp 1r ao-ordlntcd to trc lrlokcl ator ald caob ulohct Lr boilcd. to
tro Drtrtto orsrg6l. &La nlalcl-oqrgou bod of e.581 1r bngcn then thri unuf\y fouDal, o.f. 2.051 orlordatcil frcn peultrqgf t octahcdnl rrdtJ,, ad,
ll thcr''ofqli! r rrcrt onc. Otrcr b@if fcngtbr rnd rnglss rucl rOrrel. &c ooprc rrr forndl, to bo ataDrcs an rnrnlal sbrsratio for ooplccr
ooteLtt"ng
tic
nJ.tr:tto (Xlncer"Or-)
t*.
916 rnrlrgell laobutgrlmcdttmJrlc nLckcL (ff) oopf*, f,f2iUil0g0!o&.,
res
lot
obtatlod. by thc edFrtlo of rodJ.rn nttd,tc to ea eq3rc ne colutio of bl|-lrotutlrloailLulncdlpatrhlcttc.
Instcad thlg rcaotlo grvc e oopounl. of oplr!.oal fonurr Hi, lb6(!toz)2(cro4)f. Dris fotmrhrl
ilcrtvoal 15* rnoryBla ardl
nr
oofllncal by thc apacc groqp ead, tho mnbcotr hcrvtrr
etot
fo$d, l.a thc aubrcquoot l-rq;r enrlgrala.rcagnra.ut of, thc ruroqrtlbtllty orcr e topcrature rargG gavc e
vrluc of tro uryafrca spLDF pcr nlcLcl
ato.
As for tbc otlgrlecdLtuLacorlc ttrc elcotrmlo ebccptlo ryrotnm ln aqucorr rolutlon
trr
oonrlrtcatl.
rttb the forurtl,c of tfic i{.quo cattor
Ualt ooll dtrcnrtmr rsrc fsundl to bcr L --t
.J r
lt.[.6lLbJ !
.ao t+.051L Fqtl
cJ . lr.rrl
! 9Oc-T
-
9\.2 cp
Sr
rpoo grqp an P2r/t rtthtrc
lnotrsulcrt D.rrait
csl.loItrrnlfsr
c&oh rnl.t oorl oontrtns tfic folJrortag
atorl
xr6 (rb)ra(tr0a)*(clo*)g.T;o of thc nlckrl etur !h on r rot * 1"s-fordr rpcolal peltloe drlah rse lJlnctr7 aratrcr anll hcroe thc oodlggsti.on of atmr rotmA tborc trrc nLcLolr lr clttrcr traru .qu$. plrn.r c ootrhcdral. (rhlr niokcl nr
ohoseil rt thr etg:tn). src ranurng ntrsbl etoa togctlrc rltb tb.
pathlceta grqlr osoqpr gcarrel poalttor. Xbt nltrogoa atot d tbc aLtrl'to SralP nrc allced, to oottttgy clthcr gpncrsf porltlour or tm rctr
otr rpcohl prttlert 1r tb. lrttor oarc t,Lry lould llorrosr a oratr d sJtuctlitr Mrc heeqy atcn lnrl'tl'ona rrrc dhtorralacdl fro thrcc tmrdfrorlml
Pattergon q;mtlrcrcr. Uelag tbcr porlti.onr Fqrrlor almthcrol e aLL tbrc.
proJoctlm+ rsrc orlonlltcd tD ord€r to looetr thc rtht at@f. &r lnrlttor of thosr nrc crtlnrtcil nro neddlr rnd tbrlr ocrcotocr! rlr tcrtcil b5r a ear:Lcs of Four:lc ed. dllffcn&oc r;mthcrcrr lbf nltr{.te grqp nr aot locetcdl.
f.
hcrr
r oorldrretlc
ctr thc hcarry rtcn poaltior rul tba oDrqr.ternnSmtlr
tb. fel.lodag pcrlDlllt1errrrb
for thcodl$urtlo
cf nltkctrtlr;
(f
)
X1. ctetrihrat rLth DLtr'l,to or aLtr{tolan
so-or{tlrteil tn thc ootrhcilnl portttorFl- trenr
pluu
I
(tr!,.
.
!l.oh.lo
rpct"rl, Dorttl@r"L .
d.c&clo gronl prltlor)r (2)
trlrrd
lttgtnar
plrau(f) f,l. tnnr
plrnar,lll, tctnbdlnl.
A obrra
rtrutrm ne
ahcm to be lrlnmlD1e. :Orc Utht etcn stuotrnrobtaUod
tr trod.rtst rltb r
t&rbonsrl odtgrrrat!.o, tDnu rltnl"artlal(t).
DLrrct looetlm of, th. al,tr!.tr sroqprIIl o\y
i|lltfagut&(f) rd
(z).