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L
I.
AN I NVEST I GAT ION I NTO THE E F F E CT O F RUM INAL AND POST - RUMI NAL A DM IN I ST RAT I ON OF CAS E IN
ON MI LK Y I E L D AN D COMP O S IT I ON
A thesis p resente d in p a r t i a l ful f i l me n t o f t h e requi rements fo r th e de g re e o f
Mas t e r o f Ag r i c ul t ur al S c i en c e in Ani m a l S c ien ce at Massey Un ivers i ty
Nevi l l e J ames CHANDLE R De cemb e r , 19 71 .
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ACKNOWLE DGEMENT S
I w ish t o a cknow l e d ge my g r a t i tude t o th e fo l l owi n g p e op l e , wh o made the p rese n t a tion o f th is thes is poss ib l e .
P ro fesso r R . E . Mun fo r d , f o r p rov i d i n g faci l i t i es tha t enab l e d the tri a l to run smoo th ly , fo r inte res t and
g ui d ance dur i n g the study , o r g anising the produc t i on test ing , and fo r h is p ar t i c ip at i on i n , and adv i ce on , the s t a tis t i c a l ana lysis .
Mr . A . W . F . Davey fo r h is e n c ou r a gemen t and gui d an ce thro ughout the exp e ri ment and dur i n g the p re p a r a t i on o f the thes is .
M r . W . B . Cur ri e , my fri end an d co l l e ague , who
e x t r a c te d the mi l k fat samp l es , an d showe d much unde rs t andin g and g ave e n c oura geme n t durin g many hours o f conve rs at i on .
D r . R . M . G re enway who made the Auto An alys e r ava i l ab l e and g ave g u id an ce i n metho do l o gy .
Mr . N . Tho ms on , Miss . M . O lse n , Mr . J . Rave n and Mrs . S . P l ayne , who p ro vi de d sk i l l ed te chn i c a l ass is t an ce a t v a r i o us t i mes through o ut the e xp e rimen t .
D r . B . G o u l den and Dr . M . Re x fo r the i r p a r ti c ip a t i on in the o p e r a t i ons to est ab l ish p a r t i a l e x te ri o risa t i ons o f t h e abomasum .
ALFA-LAVAL ( N . Z . ) P TY . L TD . fo r des i gn in g and pro vi d in g the mi l k i n g mach ine equipme n t use d in the t r i al .
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P rofe s s o r D . S . F l ux and the s t aff o f the Dai ry Hus b and ry Dep artmen t who ma de f a ci l i t i es ava i l ab l e an d p ro vi de d us e ful di s cus s i on during the e xp e rime n t .
My w i fe D i an e , wh o devote d many hou rs typ ing an d as s i s t i n g in the p re p a r a t i on o f dr a f t s of th i s
the s i s an d for h er cont inued e n c our ageme n t th roughout the dur at i on o f th i s s tu dy .
TABLE O F CONTENTS
ACKNOWLE DGEMENTS
SECT I ON I
Revi ew o f L i t e ra ture I n t r o du c t i on
P ro t e o lys i s
Me t ab o l i s m o f Amino Ac i ds and P e p t i d e s B i o s yn th e s i s o f Amino A c i d s b y Rumin a l
Mi c ro - o rg an i s ms
Syn th es i s o f M i c r ob i al P r o te in Qual i ty o f M i c rob i a l P r o te in
Th e Amino Ac i d Requ i remen t s o f th e Lac ta ting Ruminan t
E f fe c t o f Di e t ary P ro te in o n M i l k Y i e l d an d Comp o s i t i on
A im o f th e Exp e r imen t
S E C T I ON I I MATE RIAL S AND METHO DS
1 . Anima l s an d Exp e riment a l De s i gn 2 . Mi l k Y i e l d and Co mp o s i t i on
3 . N i trogen B a l ance 4 . B l oo d Me tab o l i te s 5 . Rumen P a rame t e rs 6 . S t a t i s t i c a l Me tho ds
SE C T I ON I l l RE S UL T S ( a) Mi l k Y i e l d
( b ) Mi lk Comp o s i t i on ( c) N i t r o ge n B a l ance
( d) Rumen C h a r a c te r i s t i c s ( e ) B l o o d Me t ab o l i t e s ( f) Mi l k F a t F a t ty Ac i ds
SE CT I ON I V D I S CUS S I ON
( 1) Vo l at i l e F a t ty A c i d P ropo rt i o n s and
P age
1
2 3 3 7 12 11 17 2 1 30 33
41 36 44 4 5 4 7
so
5 6 5 7 6 6 6 7 77 84
Concen t r a t i o n s 91
( 2 ) Rumen Am mo n i a ( 3 ) N i t ro ge n B a l ance ( 4 ) B lo o d Me t ab o l i te s
( 5 ) Y i e l d o f M i lk and M i l k Components ( 6 ) Y i e l d o f M i lk F a t F a tty Ac i d s
Conc l us i on s APPE N D I CE S
RE FE RENCES
P age
9 3 9 4 9 5 1 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 5 1 0 8 1 2 6
F i gu re 1 . Fi gure 2 . F i gure 3 . F i gu re 4 . F i gu r e 5 . F i gure 6 . F i g ure 7 . Fi gu re 8 . F i gure 9 .
F i g ure 1 0 .
F i gure 1 1 . F i g u re 1 2 . F i gure 1 3 . F i gure 1 4 . F i gure 1 5 . F i g u re 1 6 . F i g u re 1 7 .
L I ST O F F I GU RE S
Adjus ted mi l k y i e l d v s p er i o ds Adj us t e d FCM y i e l d vs p e ri o ds
Adj us t e d mi l k f a t y i e l d vs p e ri o ds Adjus t e d p ro t e i n y i e l d v s p er i o ds Adjus ted l a c to s e y i e l d vs p e r i o ds Adjus t e d fat p e r c e n t vs pe ri ods Adj us te d p ro t e in p e rcent vs p er i o ds Adjus t e d l a c to s e p er ce n t vs p er i ods
( a) Ace t i c ac i d con cent r a t i on vs t ime a fte r fe e d i ng
( b ) Prop i on i c a c i d con cent r a tion
5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 7 1
v s time a ft e r fe e d ing 7 1 ( c ) Buty r i c ac i d con ce n t r a t i on vs
t ime a ft e r fe e di n g 7 1
( a) I s ova l e ri c ac i d conce n t r a t i on vs t ime a ft e r fe e d i n g
( b ) Val e r i c a c i d con c e n t ra t i on vs t ime aft e r fe e d ing
Rume n ammon i a - n i t ro ge n concent ra t i on vs t i me a fte r fe e d ing
To tal VFA concent r a t i on vs time a ft e r fe e d i n g
pH v s t ime afte r fe e d in g P l as ma g l u co s e vs p er i o ds
P l asma ure a n i t ro ge n vs p e r i o ds P l as m a ami no n i tro gen vs
p e r i o ds
T r e a tment vs t ime f o r p l as m a ami no n i tro gen
( a) 2 nd exp e rimental p e r i o d ( b ) 1 s t exp e r iment a l p e r i o d
7 2 7 2
7 4 7 5 7 6 8 0 8 2 8 6 8 7
