Race relations in the Waimarino, 1880-1911 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author.

1888 - 1911

A thesis preseDted in partial fulfilnteat of the requi.Ntmeata tor the de of ter of te 1n

llietory t Masa.y Uld.Yerd.ty.

Rn Herbert Voelkerl.iag

• ^{• • • • •}

i i i

PREFACE

This then.a sakes an e,caminatioa ot Maori-Pakeha rolatlona iJl the Waillarino area of the Ung Country 1n the belS.et that al1 too often Maori history is approached on a nat~onal scale and view•d withi.n a framework ot national trends and Parliamentary

Acts. Th.rough the explorations ot the dynrud.cs of a bi-racial communit7 it is hoped a regional corrective may be made to tonner national interpretations. ^A local study possesses the advantage of getting back to the •grass-roots•. History ia reduced to its very common denominator, the individual ia a small community.

From a po~nt of •culture contact• the emphasis in this thesis is placed on the years leading up to the aew centU17, these

in.it1al years bei.ng crucial in determW.ng the funre ot race- relations in the Wai.marillo. Briefly, it was not a series ot Land Acts ao much as part~c111.ar coamenta and actions oa the local le•el wMoh iafln.aoe4 both Maori aac1 Earopeaa attitudee.

l'hese comaeots and action• Ila.ft been 1•••8'1gated up to 1911 td.th oae ezceptlo1u tb.• UqtlOr queatio• haa beea pvaue4 to th• ear~

1920 • a, i t being very tiff.icult to toralllate &IQ' sort of a coacl11doa pr1-or to ^tM.a peri.ocl la tt.ae.

Pauc"ity aa.d a.reliability of eovce uteri.ale pontl a

iv

etetUJ1der••1e prob1e i •r-ltiflg thi tk ala. By chec uao;...-at otttc1a1 publ1cat1oee vch a •

!Im!

dices to the Je>ESal

ot tg !m•

^{of R}•preo3ptat1•es d

r li.able. Thi& ^e:l'ON

loca1 ,1.ftati

ources were rendered ortant.

id t1tiea oft aeo •set• vie , their histor, tendiJl.g to be co tructed

the moat ariuo

ro d a har4 'JQ'tllolog.leal' core. e ot taek was th proe•ss ot '4~thologisiag•.

'lbere is also rel.ati ,re af.ty of newspaper aaurtal. •

•

.,...,a..

pJJ•ar to have been destrc7ed or lo-at wit-h t , altho

seTeral isauee ati.11 ed. t. a. then have beea used 111 the thesi-e. A complete set of the ,;3!Hf:Uui ChroAiol•, the "

Jh,ral4 nd the l' •zist at th ,'ta aaul blic Library, but, goerally, yielded a di cppolntlag lmt ot material.

r.aetih:l township r•ceiY d more eZl>phaai• tha Cbak • •

altho •ither are Yer1 rt t i n this otud:y', as ftl:J'

tew or.la ha ••ntur peira•m&ly uto t t b1" 1911.

either 1a ·~llOlC lDto e clv• 1a tb..

e oria U t re • elf' ,1,41uwi¹u to

•1>1"•~

^{t ...}

... ~ . , tlle

ffll841·01MtaUa1 panr.

l"lftl' to

V

er a y 1n this theeis. It should

cut thP-t w t woa ori.e,i lly lulon ae the •· · 1marino Bl.o • as purchatled in 188?• eon,Ututed conaid.enbly or• territ.o17

to the florth, but did not o:xteud south of tlae pil"tki-Itarioi road. ~ r co venience. chapter two, 0-11 tbe p ebaN of the

cl by the a.ad 18 th Co ty.

Coll•cting figvrM a•d ~tatietics proYed almo~t impossible.

On 4 , y 190}• ~raiearino County ea e in~ enatenco, and prior to this ~ate, Raotild. was in th~ County of Waitotar , 41ld 1n the electoral district of Patea. c.-neus tie1.ll'"es ror tbe yeeze

1906

and. 1911 ere included.

My ai eN tb.aaka go t.o Froteaeor \, .R. 01.t.••r

or

MA-ase1

1Jai. r t7 for per thU th de, a t

...

^{ra f '}

¹⁹⁶⁹

I k1'7 h claaa tor el tul cri.U. ta ot

la.a ^Spe te.

.• . ^{, . .}

^{I r t1•• ffJ.}

. .. •

of

'h•

^at

th• liaetihi Borottgh Co 11

ror

the use of :tacillt.S.es.

It 1.a doabttul if this theoi.• would hay een p:ro ted h it not been tor the l fi.Jdte ol.p ot rq pare11ta wld.D baa already 'be.en acknowledged.. I wo lei also thank • M.R. ^Tt:arner for actag ae Yirtvally tQ" 1"' aearcb eolleaj!tut for as ort while

• o. R .

niek

c !orta.

lly apec1Bl thanks t Mars et Brogden as credit for the neatn•ss of the appe r ce or this thesi.lJ is due entiN.ly- to her.

utoha all•7,

•tthl.

May, 1970.

a. •

oel.urliag.

LIST OF A BREYIA1'l0BS

I.

Il. SA 01 fflE WAU'ARI BLOCS. 10.

III. 'SE MELTI5G ^X1l'

xv. 1na.LT11 I> '?HE .x:om.iMf m

T..li.E CRUTI<m CF ll.ARMOW! 2 •

V. R LIC~SE !~SUE :,o.

VII. CC.flCLUSIOB

APF"!NDIX A

•P DI.I

LlST OJ' OOllf'RCli:S

•

sa.

•

PD

LIS! OF ABl3RiYIATI0BS

!few Zealand ParlJ..aaent!£1 Debates.

Voelkerling Jovnale A collection ot private d.iar1e•

written by A.~. Voelkerliag•

1896-1898.