Aa¨v‡qi bvg wcwiqW msL¨v
cÖ_g BwZnvm cwiwPwZ 05
wØZxq cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` (wbe©vwPZ) 05
Z„Zxq cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm (wLª:326-1204wLª:) 10
PZz_© cÖvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm 14
cÂg ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm (wLª:1204-1757wLª:) 18
lô ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm 12
mßg evsjvq Bs‡iR kvm‡bi m~Pbvce© 10
Aóg Bs‡iR kvmb Avg‡j evsjvq cÖwZ‡iva, beRvMiY I ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb 16
beg Bs‡iR kvmb Avg‡j evsjvi ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb 17
`kg fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrcieZx© ivR‰bwZK NUbvcÖevn 16
GKv`k mvgwiK kvmb I ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb (1958wLª:-1969wLª:) 15
Øv`k mˇi wbe©vPb Ges gyw³hy× 26
·qv`k e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj (1972wLª:-1975wLª:) 08
PZz`©k mvgwiK kvmb I ZrcieZx© NUbvcÖevn (1975wLª:-1990wLª:) 12
cÂ`k wek¦mf¨Zv (wbe©vwPZ) 32
4. wkÿvµg QK
beg-`kg †kÖwY
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : BwZnvm cwiwPwZ (05 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i aviYv,
¯^iƒc I cwimi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb I cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
4. BwZnvm I HwZn¨ Rvbvi
BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i aviYv Ges BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb
BwZnv‡mi cÖKvi‡f` I BwZnv‡mi welqe¯‘
BwZnv‡mi ¯^iƒc I cwimi
BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Av‡jvPbv :
wkÿv_x©‡`i AwfÁZv wewbgq †_‡K ïiæ Kiv
†hgb- gyw³hy× †_‡K Zvi cÖvß aviYv|
cÖ‡kœvËi :
cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g BwZnvm cwiwPwZ m¤ú‡K©
wkÿv_x©i c~e© aviYv hvPvB K‡i m¤ú~Y© cvV¨
welq cVb-cvV‡b AvMÖnx Kiv|
BwZnv‡mi aviYv, Dcv`vb, welqe¯‘, cÖKvi‡f` cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, ¯^iƒc I cwimi m¤ú‡K© aviYv| welqwU Zviv KZUzKz Dcjwä Ki‡jv †evSvi Rb¨ cÖkœ Kiv|
†hgb- wewfbœ wb`k©b, gy`ªv, BgviZ,
¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢, Zv¤ªwjwc BZ¨vw` †_‡K wKfv‡e BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb ev Z_¨ cvIqv hvq|
AwfÁZv wewbgq:
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x©‡K wb‡Ri AwfÁZvi m‡½ m¤ú„³ HwZnvwmK NUbvi eY©bv|
evwoi KvR (GKK) :
wcZv-gvZv Df‡qi wZb cyiæ‡li bvg I Avw`wbevm m¤úwK©Z QK c~iY|
wcZ…Kzj gvZ…Kzj
bvg Avw` wbevm bvg Avw` wbevm 1g cyiæl
2q cyiæl 3q cyiæl
ev¯Íe Rxe‡b BwZnvm †h mZ¨ PP©v m¤ú‡K©
wkÿv_x©‡`i KvQ †_‡K 1wU HwZnvwmK NUbv †kvbv|
BwZnvm cv‡Vi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Dci wjwLZ cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv|
BwZnvm weeZ©‡bi mgqKvj D‡jøLc~e©K BwZnvm aviYvi wewfbœ cwieZ©b D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e|
BwZnv‡mi Dcv`v‡b m¤¢e n‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe ms‡hvRbmn eY©bvg~jK weeiY _vK‡e|
ev¯Íe Rxe‡b BwZnvm †h mZ¨
PP©v K‡i Zv D`vniY w`‡q BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvq eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e|
BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wóKvix `„óvšÍg~jK NUbvi eY©bv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wØZxq Aa¨vq : cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` (wbe©vwPZ) (05 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Î cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc`¸‡jvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. cÖvPxb evsjvi Z_¨
AbymÜv‡b Rbc`¸‡jvi
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
3. cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f Rbc`¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e|
wbe©vwPZ Rbc` :
†MŠo, e½, cyЪ, nwi‡Kj, mgZU, e‡i›`ª, Zv¤ªwjß I P›`ªØxc
o †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I bvgKiY
o HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Î wewfbœ cÖvPxb Rbc‡`i Ae¯’vb wPwýZKiY|
Dcw¯’Z e³…Zv :
†QvU †QvU KvM‡R Rbc‡`i bvg wj‡L jUvwii gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡K cÖwZ Rbc‡`i Rb¨ 2 wgwbU ej‡Z †`Iqv|
cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc`¸‡jvi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Ges cÖvPxb I eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki †hvMm~Î
¯’vc‡bi j‡ÿ¨ ms‡ÿ‡c Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb|
gvbwP‡Î Ae¯’vb wPwýZKi‡Y mwVKZv wbiƒcY|
†gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g wel‡qi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY|
cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` msewjZ gvbwP‡Îi ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖvPxb Rbc`¸‡jvi eZ©gvb bvg Ges †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi weeiY _vK‡e|
Z„Zxq Aa¨vq : cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm (wLª÷ c~e© 326-1204 wLª÷vã) (10 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. cÖvPxb evsjvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ivResk I Zuv‡`i kvmbKvj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. cÖvK-cvjhy‡Mi evsjvi ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
3. cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‰bwZK PP©vq ZrKvjxb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ivR eskmg~‡ni Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© BwZevPK aviYv
†cvlY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e|
4. ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivR esk¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm avivevwnKfv‡e Rvb‡Z mg_© n‡e|
cÖvPxb evsjvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ivResk I kvmbe¨e¯’v o †gŠh© I ¸ß hy‡M
evsjv
o †MŠo iv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv kkvsK o gvrmvb¨vq I cvj
esk (750 wLª:- 1161 wLª: ) o †mb esk (1161
wLªª:-1204 wLª:)
†kÖwYi KvR : (GKK)
cÖvPxb evsjvi wewfbœ ivRes‡ki Dci Kvjvbyµg PvU© ˆZwi Kiv|
†kÖwY KvR :
cÖvPxb evsjvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivReskmg~‡ni Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© QK c~iY Kiv|
c~iYK…Z Pv‡U©i mwVKZv g~j¨vqb Kiv|
QK c~iY :
ivResk Ae`vb
†gŠh© 1.
2.
3.
¸ß 1.
2.
3.
cvj 1.
2.
3.
†mb 1.
2.
3.
cÖvPxb nvwZqvi Ges welq mswkøó Qwe w`‡Z n‡e|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivRes‡ki ivRZ¡Kv‡ji avivevwnK eY©bv _vK‡e|
`wÿYc~e© evsjvi
ivReskmg~‡ni weeiY w`‡Z n‡e
PZz_© Aa¨vq : cÖvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm (14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. cÖvPxb evsjvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. cÖvPxb evsjvi wkíKjv,
¯’vcZ¨, fv¯‹h© I wPÎKjvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. cÖvPxb evsjvq evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i D™¢e I weKvk e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. cÖvPxb evsjvi ag©, AvPvi- Abyôvb, Drme I ixwZbxwZ‡Z RbM‡Yi cÖ`wk©Z g~j¨‡eva I wek¦vm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
5. cÖvPxb evsjvi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK PP©vq ZrKvjxb
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivReskmg~‡ni Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© BwZevPK aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e|
6. BwZnvm PP©vi gva¨‡g cÖvPxb evsjvi Av_©-mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡bi D™¢e I
cÖvPxb evsjvi mgvR, A_©bxwZ I ms¯‹…wZ : o cÖvPxb evsjvi
mvgvwRK Rxeb o cÖvPxb evsjvi
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v Ges wkíKjv I ¯’vcZ¨- fv¯‹h©
o evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨:
D™¢e I weKvk
o cÖvPxb evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb I g~j¨‡eva I wek¦vm:
ag©, AvPvi-Abyôvb, Drme I ixwZbxwZ
cÖvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewkó¨mg~‡ni Dci (3wU `‡j wef³ n‡q) `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb|
cÖvPxb evsjvi, ¯’vcZ¨, fv¯‹h© I wPÎKjvi Dci Qwe cÖ`k©b|
PvU© cÖ`k©b :
cÖvPxb evsjvi `yÕwU ivRes‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨
`yÕwU mvwnZ¨Kg©
cvj †mb
1.
2. 1.
2.
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb weL¨vZ wn›`y I †eŠ×
GjvKv¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Ges Zuv‡`i wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv|
QK c~iY :
ˆewkó¨
¯’vcZ¨ 1.
2.
3.
fv¯‹h© 1.
2.
3.
gV I gw›`i †KvbwU Dcvmbvjq e¨vL¨v `vI cÖvPxb agx©q Abyôvb Drm‡ei eY©bvmn Qwe w`‡Z n‡e| agx©q I mv¤úª`vwqK mwnòzZvi D`vniY msewjZ eY©bv _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi wewfbœ wb`k©b (gqbvgwZ, gnv¯’vbMi, cvnvocyi, Iqvwi e‡Uk¦i BZ¨vw`) Gi Qwe msewjZ eY©bv w`‡Z n‡e|
cÂg Aa¨vq : ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm (1204 wLª:-1757 wLª:) (18 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvi gymjgvb kvmb cÖwZôv c‡e©i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`Kmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. ga¨hy‡M myjZvwb Avg‡j evsjvi eskvbyµwgK kvmb Ges Zuv‡`i ivR‰bwZK K„wZZ¡
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. evsjvq AvdMvb kvmbvgj I kvmKM‡Yi K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. evsjvq evif~uBqv‡`i BwZnvm I cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. gyNj kvmbvg‡j evsjvq my‡e`vi I beve‡`i kvmbKv‡ji ivR‰bwZK w`Kmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
6. avivevwnKfv‡e ga¨hy‡M evsjvi gymjgvb kvmKM‡Yi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm Rvbvi
evsjvq gymjgvb kvm‡bi m~Pbv :
o eLwZqvi LjwR o BIqvR LjwR
¯^vaxb myjZvwb Avgj (1336 wLª:-1538 wLª:) o Bwjqvm kvnx esk o ivRv M‡Yk I nvekx
kvmb o û‡mbkvnx esk
AvdMvb kvmb I evif~uBqv (1538 wLª: -1576 wLª:)
gyNj kvmb (1576 wLª: - 1757 wLª: : my‡e`vwi I bevwe Avgj
†h mKj ˆewkó¨ ev D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvi
†cÖÿvc‡U cÖvPxbhyM I ga¨hy‡Mi wefvRb N‡U †m wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv w`‡q ïiæ Kiv|
Kvjvbyµg ˆZwi K‡i Pv‡U©i mvnv‡h¨
gymjgvb‡`i AvMg‡bi ci †h mKj cwieZ©b msNwUZ nq Zvi KviY¸‡jv I cÖfve mswÿß AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv|
QK c~iY :
kvm‡Ki bvg Kvjvbyµg 1. eLwZqvi
LjwR 2. BwjqvQ kvn 3. wMqvm DwÏb
Avhg kvn 4. AvjvDÏxb
û‡mb kvn
kvmK I kvmbKv‡ji eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î avivevwnKZv eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
kvmKM‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
lô Aa¨vq : ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm (12 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. ga¨hy‡M evsjvi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK cwieZ©‡b myjZvb I gyNj kvmKM‡Yi Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. ga¨hy‡M evsjvi e¨emv-evwYR¨,
¯’vcZ¨ I wPÎKjvi weKv‡k myjZvb I gyNj kvmKM‡Yi Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. ga¨hy‡M myjZvwb I gyNj kvmbvg‡j evsjvi agx©q Ae¯’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. ga¨hy‡M evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i D™¢e I weKv‡k myjZvb I gyNj kvmKM‡Yi Ae`vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
5. ga¨hy‡M evsjvq gymjgvb‡`i AvMg‡bi d‡j evOvwj RxebcÖYvjx I wPšÍvavivi BwZevPK cwieZ©bmg~n Dcjwä‡Z mÿg n‡e|
6. myjZvwb I gyNj Avg‡ji Ae`vb I ¯’vcZ¨, wb`k©‡bi HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb
mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb ( Lv`¨, †cvkvK, Aj¼vi I msMxZ)
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v I e¨emv evwYR¨
¯’vcZ¨ I wPÎKjv
agx©q Ae¯’v
fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I wkÿv
gymjgvb‡`i AvMg‡b e¨emv-evwYR¨, wkí, wkíKjv I ¯’vc‡Z¨i cÖmvi Ges agx©q mwnòzZvi Dci Kx cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q
†QvU †QvU cÖkœ Kiv|
evsjvi cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡Mi Av_©-mvgvwRK ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ ˆZwi K‡i K¬v‡m wKsev †QvU †QvU `‡j
†gŠwLKfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
AvaywbK evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg kvmbvg‡ji
¯§„wZwPý ev wb`k©b¸‡jv †Kv_vq Av‡Q Zv wkÿv_x©‡`i wR‡Ám Kiv| AÆvwjKv, aŸsmve‡kl, Aj¼vi, nvwZqvi I A¯¿m¯¿
mg„× m¤¢ve¨ HwZnvwmK ¯’v‡b †eov‡Z wb‡q hvIqv Ges wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv|
QK c~iY :
gymwjg kvm‡Ki bvg Zuvi Avg‡ji mvwnZ¨Kg©
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
jvjevM †Kjøv, eoKvUiv, cwiwewei gvRvi, †mvbv gmwR`, lvU M¤^yR gmwR`
G¸‡jv †Kvb kvm‡Ki Avg‡ji wb`k©b Zvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki|
cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cÖwZ‡e`b
†kÖwYK‡ÿ Dc¯’vcb Kiv
c~iYK…Z Q‡Ki mwVKZv wbiƒcY Kiv
welqe¯‘i mv‡_ msMwZ
†i‡L wewfbœ kvm‡Ki evm¯’vb, mgvwa, `yM©, wewfbœ mg‡qi gy`ªv, Bgvi‡Zi Qwe BZ¨vw` ms‡hvRb K‡i eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¯’vcZ¨ I wPÎKjvi wb`k©‡bi Qwe msewjZ eY©bv _vK‡e|
mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q eY©bvq kvmKM‡Yi agx©q mwnòzZv msewjZ D`vniY w`‡q eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e|
ga¨hy‡Mi †cvkvK, AjsKvi I gymwjg wk‡íi mswÿß aviYv w`‡Z n‡e|
ga¨hy‡M fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I wkÿvi D™¢e I weKvk Ges kvmKM‡Yi c„ô‡cvlKZv m¤ú‡K© weeiY _vK‡Z n‡e|
ga¨hy‡M gymjgvb kvmKM‡Yi AvMg‡bi djvd‡ji BwZevPK w`K¸‡jvi eY©bvq _vK‡Z