wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. cwiev‡ii aviYv I wewfbœ aib m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg I kn‡ii cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. wkïi mvgvwRKxKi‡Y cwieZ©bkxj cwiev‡ii f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. wkïi mvgvwRKxKi‡Y cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
5. gvbweK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj iß K‡i cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK m¤úK©
Dbœq‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e Ges k„•Ljvc~Y© AvPi‡Y DØy× n‡e|
cwiev‡ii aviYv I aib
evsjv‡`‡k MÖvg I kn‡ii cwievi
cwieZ©bkxj cwievi I mvgvwRKxKiY
wkïi mvgvwRKxKiY I cwiev‡ii m`m¨ I Zv‡`i cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i f~wgKv
wkÿK welq mswkøó aviYv Dc¯’vcb I cvV AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Y wewfbœ Qwe, †cv÷vi, Z_¨, ev¯Íe DcKiY, gvbwPÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, wb‡Ri ˆZwi DcKiY cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z mywbw`©ó wkLbdj djcÖm~
AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î †hgb- Av‡jvPbv c×wZ, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ, gv_v LvUv‡bv, †cÖv‡R±
c×wZ cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wk¶K wk¶v_©xi myß cÖwZfv I m„Rbkxj ¶gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb †kÖwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`‡eb| †hgb-
ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ cwiev‡ii ai‡bi GKwU QK ˆZwi Ki|
cwiev‡ii aib wPwýZ Ki| k¨vgjvj I k¨vgjxi we‡q nq| we‡qi ci k¨vgjvj Zvi
¯¿x‡K wb‡q Zvi evevi evwo‡Z msmvi ïiæ Kij|
wkïi mvgvwRKxKi‡Y cwieZ©bkxj cwiev‡ii f~wgKv wPwýZ Ki|
wkïi mvgvwRKxKi‡Y cwieZ©bkxj cwiev‡ii f~wgKvi cÖfve wPwýZ Ki|
†Zvgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i mvgvwRKxKi‡Y wcZv I gvZvi f~wgKv wPwýZ Ki|
Òcwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i f~wgKvi mgš^qB wkïi myôz mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi DcvqÓ --`jxq Av‡jvPbvq hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wkLbdj wfwËK g~j¨vqb Avek¨K| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I P~ovšÍ (Summative)- G `yÕfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e †kªwY Afx¶v, †kªwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I cÖ‡kœvËi BZ¨vw`
wk¶v_©x‡`i Øviv m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| GKvwaK †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| †hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV †k‡l cÖkœ Kiv, wjwLZ cix¶v MÖnY I b¤^i cÖ`vb|
†Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ KvR m¤úv`‡b wk¶v_©x‡`i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i K‡_vcK_b ïb‡eb Ges wbw`©ó wbY©vq‡Ki wfwˇZ b¤^i cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
GKK ev `jMZfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv| GwU †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g m¤úv`b Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLbdj AR©‡bi gvÎv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cÖwZwU cvV Dcv¯’vcbKv‡j g~j¨vqb KvR Pvjv‡eb|
wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡eb|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e `yÕwU mvgwqK cix¶v Ges GKwU evwl©K cix¶v MÖnY Ki‡eb| GmKj cix¶vq eûwbe©vPwb, msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ mwbœ‡ewkZ Ki‡eb| cÖkœmg~n `¶ZvwfwËK wewfbœ ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Z) i¶v K‡i cÖYxZ n‡e|
wk¶v_©x‡`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZ©b mva‡bi Rb¨
welqe¯‘wfwËK cix¶v QvovI Zv‡`i wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, AvPvi-e¨envi, cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` w`Kmg~n g~j¨vq‡bi AvIZvq Avb‡eb|
PZz_© Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ (7 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. AbvbyôvwbK A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewji weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡e|
2. evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡gi AbvbyôvwbK A_©‰bwZK Kv‡Ri we¯Ívi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. kn‡i AbvbyôvwbK Kv‡Ri wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡e|
4. RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z AbvbyôvwbK Kv‡Ri
¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. evsjv‡`‡ki wk‡íi cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K©
weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡e|
6. wkímg~‡ni Ae`vb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z wk‡íi fwel¨r m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb Avg`vwb I ißvwb c‡Y¨i weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡e|
9. Avg`vwb I ißvwbi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
10. cÖwµqvRvZ wkí e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. evsjv‡`‡k K…wlcY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e|
12. K…wlcY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v I KiYxq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
13. MÖvg I kn‡ii AbvbyôvwbK A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewji ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä Ki‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg I kn‡ii AbvbyôvwbK A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewj
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z wk‡íi Ae`vb
evsjv‡`‡ki Avg`vwb I ißvwb
K…wl cY¨
cÖwµqvRvZKiY wkí
wkÿK welq mswkøó aviYv Dc¯’vcb I cvV AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Y wewfbœ Qwe, †cv÷vi, Z_¨, ev¯Íe DcKiY, gvbwPÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, wb‡Ri ˆZwi DcKiY cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z mywbw`©ó wkLbdj djcÖm~
AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î †hgb- Av‡jvPbv c×wZ, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ, gv_v LvUv‡bv, †cÖv‡R±
c×wZ cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wk¶K myß cÖwZfv I m„Rbkxj ¶gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb †kÖwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`‡eb| †hgb-
†Zvgvi GjvKvi AbvbyôvwbK †h †Kv‡bv GKwU Kv‡Ri weeiY Zy‡j ai| A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡
KZLvwb Zv wPwýZ Ki|
AvbyôvwbK Kv‡Ri GKwU `xN© ZvwjKv Ki| G KvR¸‡jv RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z †Kgb Ae`vb iv‡L Zv wPwýZ Ki|
†h †Kv‡bv GK ai‡bi wk‡íi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z G¸‡jvi
¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki|
evsjv‡`‡k wk‡íi fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi AwfgZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
evsjv‡`‡ki Avg`vwb I ißvwbRvZ cY¨ mvgMªxi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|
K…wlcY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY wkí¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|
K…wlcY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY wk‡íi mgm¨v¸‡jv
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wkLbdj wfwËK g~j¨vqb Avek¨K| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I P~ovšÍ (Summative)- G `yÕfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e †kªwY Afx¶v, †kªwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I cÖ‡kœvËi BZ¨vw`
wk¶v_©x‡`i Øviv m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| GKvwaK †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| †hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV †k‡l cÖkœ Kiv, wjwLZ cix¶v MÖnY I b¤^i cÖ`vb|
†Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ KvR m¤úv`‡b wk¶v_©x‡`i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i K‡_vcK_b ïb‡eb Ges wbw`©ó wbY©vq‡Ki wfwˇZ b¤^i cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
GKK ev `jMZfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv| GwU †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g m¤úv`b Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLbdj AR©‡bi gvÎv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cÖwZwU cvV Dcv¯’vcbKv‡j g~j¨vqb KvR Pvjv‡eb|
wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡eb|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e `yÕwU mvgwqK cix¶v Ges GKwU evwl©K cix¶v MÖnY Ki‡eb| GmKj cix¶vq eûwbe©vPwb, msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ mwbœ‡ewkZ Ki‡eb| cÖkœmg~n `¶ZvwfwËK wewfbœ ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv) i¶v K‡i cÖYxZ n‡e|
wk¶v_©x‡`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZ©b mva‡bi Rb¨
welqe¯‘wfwËK cix¶v QvovI Zv‡`i wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, AvPvi-e¨envi, cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, mn‡hvwMZvi
cÂg Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`k I evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK (6 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. mybvMwi‡Ki ¸Yvewj Rvb‡e Ges G¸‡jv AR©‡b m‡PZb n‡e|
2. evsjv‡`‡k mybvMwi‡Ki cÖwZeÜKZv¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges cÖwZeÜKZv¸‡jv
`~ixKi‡Y DØy× n‡e|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mybvMwi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡¡ Dcjwä Ki‡e|
Av‡eMxq
4. bvMwiK AwaKvi mgybœZ ivLvi Ges ØvwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi g‡bvfve AR©b Ki‡e|
mybvMwi‡Ki ¸Yvewj
evsjv‡`‡k mybvMwi‡Ki cÖwZeÜKZv
evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©- mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mybvMwi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡
bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi AR©b I `vwqZ¡ cvjb
wkÿK welq mswkøó aviYv Dc¯’vcb I cvV AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Y wewfbœ Qwe, †cv÷vi, Z_¨, ev¯Íe DcKiY, gvbwPÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, wb‡Ri ˆZwi DcKiY cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z mywbw`©ó wkLbdj djcÖm~ AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨
wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î †hgb- Av‡jvPbv c×wZ, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ, gv_v LvUv‡bv,
†cÖv‡R± c×wZ cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wk¶K wk¶v_©xi myß cÖwZfv I m„Rbkxj ¶gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb †kÖwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
†hgb-
†ev‡W© QK K‡i †KvbwU mybvMwi‡Ki †Kvb ¸Y‡K wb‡`©k K‡i I wKfv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
†`‡ki fwel¨r bvMwiK wn‡m‡e mybvMwiKZv AR©‡bi K‡qKwU Dcvq wPwýZ Ki Ges cª‡Z¨‡K wbR LvZvq wjL|
mevi wPšÍv GKmv‡_ wgwj‡q GKwU mw¤§wjZ ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| GKwU †cv÷vi †ccv‡i c‡q›U¸‡jv wj‡L †kªwYi mvg‡b Szwj‡q `vI| K¬v‡ki duv‡K duv‡K †cv÷v‡i †PvL eyjvI I †m Abyhvqx wb‡R‡K fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki|
evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU cÖavb Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v †`Iqv n‡jv| †f‡e †`L mybvMwiK wKfv‡e wbR ¸‡Yi mvnv‡h¨
Gme mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i? D`vniY wn‡m‡e GKwU K‡i †`Iqv n‡jv| evwK¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R Ki|
wKfv‡e bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Zzwg †Zvgvi KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU Kg© cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki I †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wkLbdj wfwËK g~j¨vqb Avek¨K| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I P~ovšÍ (Summative)- G `yÕfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e †kªwY Afx¶v, †kªwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I cÖ‡kœvËi BZ¨vw`
wk¶v_©x‡`i Øviv m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| GKvwaK †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| †hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV †k‡l cÖkœ Kiv, wjwLZ cix¶v MÖnY I b¤^i cÖ`vb|
†Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ KvR m¤úv`‡b wk¶v_©x‡`i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i K‡_vcK_b ïb‡eb Ges wbw`©ó wbY©vq‡Ki wfwˇZ b¤^i cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
GKK ev `jMZfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv| GwU †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g m¤úv`b Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLbdj AR©‡bi gvÎv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cÖwZwU cvV Dcv¯’vcbKv‡j g~j¨vqb KvR Pvjv‡eb|
wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡eb|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e `yÕwU mvgwqK cix¶v Ges GKwU evwl©K cix¶v MÖnY Ki‡eb| GmKj cix¶vq eûwbe©vPwb, msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ mwbœ‡ewkZ Ki‡eb| cÖkœmg~n `¶ZvwfwËK wewfbœ ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv) i¶v K‡i cÖYxZ n‡e|
wk¶v_©x‡`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZ©b mva‡bi Rb¨
welqe¯‘wfwËK cix¶v QvovI Zv‡`i wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, AvPvi-e¨envi, cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` w`Kmg~n g~j¨vq‡bi AvIZvq Avb‡eb|
lô Aa¨vq: evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v (11 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘ wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv
eyw×e„Ëxq
1. wbe©vP‡bi aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvi Ask wn‡m‡e wbe©vP‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. wbe©vPb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q AbywôZ wbe©vPb cÖwµqv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPb e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
6. mKj wbe©vP‡b Dchy³ RbcÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb I mwVKfv‡e †fvU cÖ`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. evsjv‡`‡k wbe©vPb cwiPvjbv c×wZ cÖKvk K‡i PvU© A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. miKv‡ii myôz cwiPvjbvq Dchy³ wbe©vP‡bi
¸iæZ¡ eyS‡e|
9. wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi M„nxZ wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡g mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve †`Lv‡e|
10. wbe©vPwb GjvKv I wbe©vPwb AvPiYwewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Av‡eMxq
11. †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi wbqg Rvb‡e Ges Zv Abymi‡Y m‡PZb n‡e|
mgm¨v mgvavb
12. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q wbe©vP‡bi Dci cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
g‡bv‡cwkR
wbe©vP‡bi aviYv,
¸iæZ¡ I c×wZ
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q wbe©vPb cÖwµqv
evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPb e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ I Dchy³ RbcÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡bi ¸iæZ¡¡¡
wbe©vPb Kwgkb, wbe©vPwb GjvKv, wbe©vPwb AvPiYwewa
†fvU I
†fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM Ges wbe©vPwb cÖwZØw›ØZvi wbqg
wkÿK welq mswkøó aviYv Dc¯’vcb I cvV AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Y wewfbœ Qwe, †cv÷vi, Z_¨, ev¯Íe DcKiY, gvbwPÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, wb‡Ri ˆZwi DcKiY cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z mywbw`©ó wkLbdj djcÖm~ AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨
wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| G †ÿ‡Î †hgb- Av‡jvPbv c×wZ, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ, gv_v LvUv‡bv,
†cÖv‡R± c×wZ cÖf…wZ e¨envi Ki‡eb|
wk¶K wk¶v_©xi myß cÖwZfv I m„Rbkxj ¶gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb †kÖwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
†hgb-
†Zvgvi †`Lv †h †Kv‡bv GKwU wbe©vP‡bi Dci GK cvZvi GKwU msw¶ß cÖwZ‡e`b wjL|
cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ wbe©vP‡bi cv_©K¨ Q‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI|
†Zvgv‡`i †kÖwY‡Z cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g
†kÖwY‡bZv wbe©vPb Kivi cÖwµqv Abykxjb Ki|
†Zvgvi wbR GjvKvq AbywôZ n†q‡Q ev n‡e G ai‡bi GKwU ¯’vbxq ch©v‡hi wbe©vPb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi
`vI| 1) wbe©vP‡bi bvg; 2) c‡`i bvg; 3) cÖv_©x msL¨v I 4) djvdj|
Zzwg wK g‡b Ki evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwi‡Kiv wbe©vP‡b we‡eK we‡ePbvi mvnv‡h¨ †fvU †`q I Dchy³ cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb K‡i?
G m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi g~j¨vqb ms‡¶‡c D‡jøL Ki Ges Kx Kiv DwPZ †m m¤ú‡K© `yB/wZbwU mycvwik wjL|
wbe©vP‡bi mgq †Zvgvi GjvKvi †jvKRb wbe©vPwb AvPiYwewa KZUv AbymiY K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU AbymÜvbg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki|
mwVKfv‡e †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e `jxqfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki I welq¸‡jv c‡q›U AvKv‡i wj‡L †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki|
mwVKfv‡e †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z
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