Changes in Expenditure on Food and Nutrition

CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV

C.1.11 Utilization of Credit

4.2.2 Changes in Expenditure on Food and Nutrition

The expenditures on Food and Nutrition ranged from Tk. 5,928.00 to Tk. 32,448.00 in pre Dipshikha period and Tk. 7,384.00 to Tk. 50,804.00 in Post Dipshikha period under FDA. The expenditures on food and nutrition ranged from Tk. 6,305.00 to Tk. 88,400.00 in pre Dipshikha period while, the range was Tk. 8,330.00 to Tk, 115,440.00 in post Dipshikha period under GBA. The average expenditure was Tk. 23,310.20 with a The Figure 4.1 revealed that in post Dipshikha period 54 percent and 46 percent of the respondents still remain under poverty level in FDA and GBA respectively which are just about equal to the estimate for ruraJ areas of Rajshahi Division as 52.3 percent (BBS, 2005).

FDA Pre FDA Post GBA Pre GBA Post Dipshikha Dipshikha Dipshikha Oipshikha

Period Period period Period

0%

-I<'---

r

I 20%

j

I I 60% ~

40%

j

80%

Ii Population under poverty line II Population

above poverty line

100% ~ 120%

1

Figure 4.1 Distribution of Families on the basis of their Poverty Level between Pre and Post Dipshikba period under FDA and GBA.

data presented in Table 4.20 clearly showed that the expenditures on food and lltrition increased in Post Dipshikha period compared to pre Dipshikha period under lx>th the approaches. A paired t- test was employed to compare the differences between

ire

and post Dipshikha period on the expenditures of food and nutrition. The findings mwed that there was a significant difference on expenditures of food and nutrition

~een before involvement with Dipshikha and after involvement with Dipshikha at 95% confidence level in both approaches (P< 0.000) (Table 4.20). Increase of annual ix:ome, increase of awareness on health and nutrition issues made the changes in expenditures on food and nutrition after involvement with Dipshik:ha.

The increase of expenditures on food and nutrition ranged from 2.37 percent to 290.80 percent in FDA while the increase of expenditures ranged from 0 percent to 247.33 percent in OBA. The average changes were 61.67 and 62.08 with a standard deviation of 55.84 and 46.98 in FDA and OBA respectively which indicated that high changes had occurred in expenditures on food and nutrition under both approaches. The respondents Pre-Dipsbikha Post Dipshikha

Period Period

(/)

%

(/)

%

(/)

^O/o (/) %

60 60% 17 17% 49 49% 21 21%

Expenditure

39 39% 61 61% 40 40% 46 46%

to 30000) Expenditure

1% 22 22% I J 11% 33 33%

30000

100 100% 100 100% 100 100% 100 100%

14,903.83 23,310.20 18026.28 28503.14

4947.23 8922.79 11826.10 17806.82

P<0.000 P<0.000

4.20 Distribution of Respondent Families in Different Expenditure Groups on Food and Nutrition between Pre and Post Di shikha Period under FDA and GBA 3.83 with a standard deviation of 4947.23 in pre Dipshikha period under FDA The

e expenditure in post Dipshikha period was Tk. 28,503.14 with a standard ion of 17806.82 and in pre Dipshikha period the average was Tk. 18,026.28 with a d deviation of 11826.10 under OBA. The respondents were classified into three ries on the basis of their expenditures on food and nutrition.

Independent sample t- tests was employed to compare the difference between the changes of expenditures on food and nutrition of the respondents under FDA and OBA As the P value is higher than 0.05, there was no significant difference at 95 percent confidence level between change of expenditures on food and nutrition of FDA and GBA (Table 4.21). So, the researcher concluded that there was no difference between the effectiveness of FDA and the effectiveness of OBA on changes in expenditures on food and nutrition of the respondents.

The fmdings from Table 4.21 revealed that maximum 32 percent of the respondents wider FDA and maximum 29 percent of the respondents under GBA fell under Extreme change category. Only I percent from GBA had no change in food and nutrition expenditures while none of the respondents from FDA fell under this group. Twenty five percent, 28 percent and 15 percent of the respondents had little change, moderate change and high change respectively in FDA while 24 percent, 26 percent and 20 percent of Dipshikha beneficiaries under GBA had little change, moderate change and high change Salient Features on the Effectiveness of FDA and GBA of Dipshikha on Ex enditures of Food and Nutrition

Family Development Group Based

A roach A roach

Categories Frequency Frequency

(/)

^O/o

(/)

^%

No Changes

0 0% 1%

status uo Little change

25 25% 24 24%

Increased u 25%

Changes in Moderate change

28 28% 26 26%

Increased 26% to 50%) Expenditures of

High Change

Food and 15 15% 20 20%

Nutrition (Tk) Increased 51%to75%

Extreme change

Increased above 75%) 32 32% 29 29%

Total 100 100% 100 100%

Mean 61.67 62.08

SD 55.84 46.98

Si nificance P= 0.955

classified into five categories on the basis of changes in expenditures on food and

The data in table 4.22 pointed out that the respondents under less expenditure category were decreased by 40 percent under FD A during post Dipshikha period compared to pre Dipshikha period. This 40 percent was distributed to other category. So, medium expenditure category was increased by 4 percent and high expenditure category by 36

Famil Develo Pre-Dipsbikha

Categories Period

(/)

^Ofo

(/)

O/o _(/) %

(/)

%

Less Expenditure

64

64% 24 24% 69 69% 36 36%

to Tk. 5000) ium Expenditure

32 32% 36 36% 19 19% 23 23%

5000 to I 0000) High Expenditure

4 4% 40 40% 12 12% 41 41%

(> Tk. 10000)

AU Classes 100 100% 100 100% 100 100% 100 100%

4962.20 11790.76 5635.05 12254.94

2934.71 12076.22 6915.43 13560.25

P<0.000 P<0.000

of expenditures on health, education and others is one of the important tors of poverty reduction. The findings from the study demonstrated that the nditures on health, education and others of the respondent families increased after lvement with Dipshikha compared to before involvement. The expenditures on education and others ranged from Tk. 1,050.00 to 17,060.00 and the average was 4,962.20 with a standard deviation of 2934. 71 in pre Dipshikha period while it was ed from Tk. 2, 150.00 to 84,600.00 and the average was Tk. 11,790.76 with a ltmiard deviation of 12076.22 after involvement with Dipshikha under FDA. On the

other

hand, In GBA, the expenditures on health, education and others ranged from Tk.

450.00

to Tk. 85,400.00 and Tk. 270.00 to Tk. 39,700.00 in post

Dipshikha

period and

ire

Dipshikha period respectively. The average expenditure was Tk. 12,254.94 with a standard deviation of 13,560.25 in post Dipshikha period while it was Tk. 5635.05 with a standard deviation of 6915.43 in pre Dipshikha period under OBA. On the basis of expenditures on health, education and others the respondents were classified into three categories shown in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22 Distribution of Respondent Families in Different Expenditure Groups on Education, Health and others between Pre and Post Dipshikha Period under FDA and GBA

Changes in Expenditures on Health, Education and others

The table 4.23 indicated that the majority of the respondents (55%) had extreme change in expenditr~s on health, education and others under FDA after involvement with Dipsbikha

'Ytiil~

43 percent of the respondents under GBA had extreme change in

234.09 P=0.638

246.90 154.22 Si oificance

Mean SD

100 100%

100 100%

170.23 Total

43 43%

55 55%

20 20%

13 13%

Changes in Moderate change 8 S% 26 26%

Expenditures of t->-l_nc_r_eas_ed_2_6°_Yo_t_o_5_0_%_,_) _ ___,f---+---+---+---i Health, High Change

f.ducation and Increased 51 % to 75%) ltbers (Tk) Extreme change

ncreased above 75%

7 7%

19 19%

Little change (Increased u 25%)

5 5% 4 4%

No Changes status uo

Frequency

(/)

Frequency

(/)

^{% %}

Group Based A roach Family Development

A roach Categories

Salient Features oo the Effectiveness of FDA and GBA of Dipshikha oo Ex oditures of Health, Education and others

nt. On the other hand in GBA, the respondents under less expenditure category decreased by 33 percent in post Dipshikha period which was distributed to medium percent) and high (29 percent) expenditure categories.

paired

t test was run to compare the difference of expenditures on health, education others between before involvement with Dipshikha and after involvement with

· a. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in expenditures health, education and others between pre and post Dipshikha period under both the aches at 95 percent confidence level (P<0.000) (Table 4.22). From the fact, the cher concluded that the expenditures on health, education and others had ificantly increased after involvement with Dipshikha compared to before

· volvement with Dipshikha.

the

changes in expenditures on health, education and others ranged from 0 to 1592 percent in FDA and it ranged from 0 to 1272.73 percent in GBA. The respondents were on the basis of changes in expenditures on health,