Recommendation - Vulnerability Comparision

Vulnerability Comparision

8. Recommendation

 First, have to develop structural measure like dam, embankment etc. as it is an efficient way to mitigate the loss of river erosion.

 Emphasis on policies aimed at mitigating the impacts of erosion, which include various measures like giving loan to the victims in easy condition, help them to manage land, give monetary help for resettlement.

 Displaced people need more effectively organized local leadership to voice their scarcity, needs, and their demands to local administration and government offices. The voluntary organization can play important role by giving proper training to erosion effected people thus they can survive with such hazardous condition, have knowledge about warnings and them able to find most efficient way to adapt with such hazardous condition.

 There is a common rule river that is when bank of river collapse in one side then new landform in the other side. Government should make a policy thus effected people can be shift in the newly accreted land and must consider about the proper implementation of this policy in most efficient managed way should be ensure.

 Sustainable and efficient structure of embankment should be construct and its maintenance.

 Training on disaster preparedness involving local institution/ local government thus they can make people more conscious about the impact of such destruction.

 Massive afforestation with the experience of local knowledge and its proper maintenance must be ensured.

 Proper Action should be taken against deforestation.

 One of the most important fact that local government should take initiatives to reduce the unemployment problem of displaced population of erosion prone area.

 Long term measures should be taken to introduce suitable crops for sandy soil commonly associated with char area as well as more agricultural research should be conducted for the development of crop production in the erosion prone area.

 All of the effected people of erosion prone area possess a common skill that they have agricultural experience. So government should give priority to resettle homeless people in emerged charland which are highly potential for cultivation as these lands are mix with silt carried by river water flow.

 Proper measure should be taken to prevent to prevent the current practice of land grabbing by local powerful community thus exploitation will be removed and effected people will be benefited.

 As riverbank erosion occurred at sudden so emergency relief plan should be develop.

 Educated society, administrative bodies, as well as all the people of various communities should be concern about that fact and people of associated area should more conscious about this fact.

9. Conclusion: River bank erosion is an destructive natural event, from which the marginalized and poor people not only lose property but also experiences socioeconomic scarcity through displacement. Because of the dynamic and unpredictable behavior of the braided channeled river as well as the failure of structural measures, it assumed that the

adapt with the bank erosion taking into account the social and institutional adjustment measures. Ensuring the relocation of asserted land in systematic and efficient way is one of the suitable strategies to cope up with such disaster like riverbank erosion. In addition, a floodplain and risky area zoning is essential to lessen the vulnerability of riverbank erosion. At last we can say that river bank erosion is a most common natural hazard that occur at a very sudden and cause a huge destruction. But although many people have to live such risky area as they have nothing to do as well as they have no place to live. If proper measure is taken then it will be possible to minimize the loss burden of effected people. Government as well as non-government organization should come forward and should take proper steps to mitigate the impact of riverbank erosion.

10. Refferences:

Rahman MR (2010) Impact of riverbank erosion hazard in the jamuna floodplain areas in Bangladesh

Baki ATMA (2014) socio-economic impacts of gorai riverbank erosionon people: a case study of kumarkhali, kushtia

Nath B, Naznin SN, Alak P (2013) Trends analysis of river bank erosion at Chandpur, Bangladesh: A remote sensing and GIS approach

Jarungrattanapong R, Manasboonphempool A (2009) Adaptation Strategies to Address Coastal Erosion/Flooding A Case Study of the Communities in Bang Khun Thian District, Bangkok, Thailand

Uddin AAFM, Basak J.K Effects of Riverbank Erosion on Livelihood

Rogge J, Elahi K.M. (1989) The Riverbank Impact Study: Bangladesh. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg

Khan NI, and Islam A, (2003), Quantification of Erosion Pattern in the Brahmaputra- Jamuna River Using Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing

Sarker MH, Hugue I, Alam M, Koudstaul R (2003) Rivers, Chars and Char Dwellers of Bangladesh. Int. journal of River Basin Management

Center for Environment and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), (2009), Flood

& Erosion Prediction Division [On line], Available at: http:www.cegisbd.com BBS population census;2011

Title: Role of NGOs in Disaster Management for Sustainable Development of Bangladesh: A

Comparative Analysis between the Policy Guideline and Practices

Nasira Karim Audhuna, Dr. Sujit Kumar Bala, Dr. Hamidul Huq, Dr. Rezaur Rahman 1. Introduction

The geographic location of Bangladesh in South Asia is at the confluence of the three mighty river systems of the world: The Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (Khan and Rahman, 2007). Such geographical setting and meteorological characteristics render the country one of the most vulnerable places on earth to different geo-hazards and hydro- metrological hazards like floods, cyclones, droughts, tidal surges, river bank erosion, water logging, water and soil salinity, epidemic, and various forms of pollution etc. (Khan, 2007;

Bangladesh Disaster Report, 2013). Moreover, Bangladesh is one of the most populated countries in the world in terms of population density where 135 million of people have been affected by natural disasters in last 20 years (Ban Ki Moon, 2014). Since 1970‟s cyclone to 2014‟s Komen, Bangladesh has an age-old experience of dealing and coping with natural disasters. The country has a long history of experience of disaster management.

Furthermore, the people of this country heroically withstand the adversity of nature and this resilience is appreciated worldwide (Khan and Rahman, 2007). Bangladesh has set an example by imparting disaster preparedness training to 62,000 people at rural level and keep 25,000 community volunteers standby to act promptly just after any disaster, remarking this effort UN secretary general Ban Ki Moon quoted that Bangladesh sets an example in disaster preparedness and disaster preparedness and management of Bangladesh can be followed by other disaster prone countries of the world. From past experience it has been found that all strata of society including the government, local communities, NGOs, CBOs, media, private sectors, academics, donor agencies always come forward and work in unity in relief and rehabilitation works for the distressed people during and after the natural disasters. This is the greatest strength of this nation and partnership could be built on this time-tested resilience.

The IRFC publication stated, “Since risk reduction goes to the heart of the development process, the challenge is well beyond the capacity of disaster managers alone. It requires cooperation between development agencies, governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), businesses, scientists and vulnerable communities.” In the context of Bangladesh, there is enough evidence that NGOs make up a vibrant sector in Bangladesh, which has been acclaimed worldwide. In addition, it is recognized historically that non-governmental, community-based organizations (NGOs/CBOs) and other informal support mechanisms have made significant contributions during and after disaster recovery (Khan and Rahman, 2007). Disaster management of Bangladesh has made paradigm shift from a post-disaster relief and response strategy towards a comprehensive risk minimization culture that encourages disaster resilience initiatives. To attain the current disaster management goals emphasis needed to be given on institutional partnership among government, NGOs/CBOs

and the private sectors. But, unfortunately gap between such partnerships is clearly evident in representation and functioning of disaster management at different level of the country.

From the experience of achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and historic evidence of NGOs involvement in post disaster activities it is evident that NGOs can be potential actors/partners in the field of risk reduction and disaster management of Bangladesh. Therefore, it is encouraged to build a partnership approach between GO and NGOs for sustainable development led disaster management of Bangladesh.

2. Methodology

This study aims to analyze the present disaster management context of Bangladesh. This includes policy review focusing on the NGO roles recommended in disaster management plan, act and policy of Bangladesh and NGOs, CBOs practices in real world scenario comprising all three phases of disaster management (Pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster). In the context of Bangladesh disaster management, this paper targets to review the current disaster management practices of NGOs, investigate the communication gaps between NGOs and GOs in disaster management practices. By analyzing the activities of NGOs in disaster management the study aims to understand the factors encouraging or inhibiting work in disaster management and to promote good practice. Official government documents, research reports, NGO studies, reports and journals and newspaper articles formed the basic sources of information for this study.

Again, as disaster management activities of Bangladesh is on a verge of paradigm shift it is important that proper institutional mechanisms at different levels of administration in Bangladesh are embedded in a partnership of relevant stakeholders. Institutional partnership refers to the shift from a managerial approach to a process of participatory, collective decision-making and resource sharing to achieve shared goals of pre-and post-disaster risk management. To understand the current institutional mechanism present in several leading NGOs of Bangladesh and to investigate the gaps between NGOs and GOs a workshop was being held at Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), BUET arranged by Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM) and Central for Sustainable Development (CSD), ULAB under the project entitled with „Disaster Prevention/Mitigation measures against Floods and Storm Surges‟. There almost 25 participants from several renowned NGOs were present and conveyed their valuable comments regarding disaster management of Bangladesh. In addition, to properly understand and investigate NGOs‟

field level activities a visit was being initiated to Gaibandha; there the team had closely observed NGO activities in disaster management, that is exemplary evidence of admirable disaster management of Bangladesh that may lead to sustainable development of Bangladesh. Assembling all the information both primary and secondary; this paper targets to summarize the existing policy-institutional framework of disaster management and the role and activities of various stakeholders focusing on the current practices of NGOs in disaster management practices of Bangladesh.

and the private sectors. But, unfortunately gap between such partnerships is clearly evident in representation and functioning of disaster management at different level of the country.

2. Methodology

3.NGOs in National Disaster Management Framework of Bangladesh

According to the World Disasters Report 2003 Bangladesh was among the top three disaster-prone countries in the world and according to the World Risk Report 2012 Bangladesh was fifth most natural disaster prone country among 173 countries in the world.

It is kind of a clear indication that, disaster management practices of Bangladesh is in a motion of continuous improvement and it is a matter of bliss that this achievement of Bangladesh is remarked worldwide.

The Government of Bangladesh has already taken a number of significant steps during the last few years for building up institutional arrangements from national to the union levels for effective and systematic disaster management facilitating mitigation to the sufferings of disaster victims in Bangladesh (Country Report, 2003). Though the National Disaster Management policy yet to be finalized the National Plan for Disaster Management 2010- 2015 has been prepared in 2010. The plan has been developed in tune with the GoB Vision and MoFDM mission to reduce the vulnerability of the people, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, by bringing a paradigm shift in disaster management from traditional response and relief practice to a more comprehensive risk reduction culture (Hossain, M.

A., n.d). Moreover, in National Plan for Disaster Management (2010-2015) of Bangladesh, mainstreaming risk reduction strategies within Govt., NGOs and Private sector is viewed as key to achieve sustainable development.

Table-1: Consideration of NGOs as a supporting agency under different strategic goas of NDMP (2010-

2015)

Strategic goal Key Target

1.Professionalizing the disaster 1.1 Design and implement training and Awareness management system programmes targeting national and District level policy

officials.

2.Mainstreaming Disaster Risk 2.1. Risk reduction and climate change adaptation principles Reduction and Climate Change adaptation and practices are mainstreamed within all development

programmes and policies

2.2 Disaster risk reduction and climate change considerations incorporated in NGO programmes and plans

3. Strengthening Institutional Mechanisms 3.1 Capacity Building of DMCs at all levels

4.Empowering at Risk Communities 4.1 Develop and establish a standard assessment procedure to identify community and household level risks

4.2 Strengthen community and household level capacity to withstand the disastrous situations

4.3 Reduce vulnerability of the at risk communities through social safety nets

5.Expanding Risk Reduction Programming 5.1 Across Hazards: Update hazard maps such as flood, across hazards and sectors cyclone, drought, earthquake and tsunami. Develop climate

change scenarios and accordingly anticipated hazard risks following climate change

5.2 Establish an Integrated Approach to disaster management including Climate Change and climate variability impacts 6.Strengthening Emergency Response 6.1 Strengthen and improve an all Hazard Early Warning

Systems Systems

6.2 Establish and operate a National Disaster Management Information Centre with an internet connection with all the 64 Districts and high risk Upazila DMCs

6.3 Establish an effective Community Alerting System through capacity strengthening of CPP and DMCs at District, Upazila and Union levels.

6.4 Establish and improve Search and Rescue Mechanism 6.5 Develop and establish emergency response plans 7. Developing and Strengthening 7.1 Establish public and private partnerships for disaster risk regional and global Networks reduction.

7.2 Support regional and global initiatives and ensure representation that is consistent with the government integrated all sector risk reduction approach at all levels

Dalam dokumen PDF ulab.edu.bd (Halaman 175-180)