In the study it is observed that the surface water quality in the area of DND has greatly deteriorated due to the urbanisation. In the study it is also observed that the drainage and sanitation condition of the area is very poor.
CHAPTER-l
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Rationale
There is very little documentation of land, air and water pollution in the project area. Socio-economic and environmental research was conducted on the northern side of the project area as urbanization occurred mainly in the northwestern corner of the DND area.
CHAPTER-2
HUMAN INTERACION IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ,
PHYSIOCHEMICAL COMPONENT
ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY
The "biological environment" refers to the flora and fauna of the area, including tree species, grasses, fish, herpetofauna, birds and mammals. Elements of the "cultural environment" include historical and archaeological sites, aesthetic resources such as visual quality.
Definitions Related to Urbanization
The content of dissolved oxygen in surface water is dependent on the amount and character of the unstable organic matter in water. This is also an important factor in assessing the self-purification capacity of the polluted streams.
INDUSTRIAL EFFECTS
Color fastness refers to the persistence of color under external influences: household washing and washing, light, rubbing, oxidation and perspiration. Large amounts are also produced during washing to remove soil, pesticides and skins from fruits and vegetables. Pulp and paper mills use large amounts of water when preparing wood with wet peeling.
Although wet debarking is physically the most efficient way to remove bark with less wood loss and less dirt, the higher cost of wastewater effluent control and the lower heating value of wet bark is one of the primary reasons for switching from wet to dry. unbored Considerable amounts of waste water and air emissions are generated during the production of iron and steel.
STUDY AREA
Project Features
The area protected by the existing embankments, flood walls and drainage pumps (14.52 m3/s) was marginally safe from the 1988 floods and after the 1988 floods the flood walls were built. The entire DND area is crossed by irrigation canals, the pumping station; pump water in and out according to the irrigation and drainage requirement. The area has been developed quite rapidly during the last decade, especially in the North-West corner, because of its proximity to the town areas and also because it is relatively flood-free.
Currently, RAJUK is preparing a housing development program for the area and part of it (Panchabati) is already in the land acquisition stage.
Population
Topography
The hydrology of the project area is greatly influenced by the Balu River located outside the project area and their tributaries. Normally, the low-lying area of the project is submerged by the flows of the Balu River during August-September. The low-lying area of the project remains in water most of the year.
The project area's natural drainage system is blocked due to landfill activities for housing construction. In the project area, groundwater meets at a depth of 5 meters to 9 meters below the surface, and the seasonal fluctuations in the groundwater table vary from 0.5 meters to 2.50 meters.
Infrastructure
External flooding is caused in the low-lying area by the overflow of the surrounding river and khal, while internal flooding is caused by stormwater due to rainfall and inadequate drainage facilities. The water levels of these rivers/rivers are lowest in January-February and highest in August-September. Storm water from the high area flows to the low area through excess flow and natural drainage and the drainage of the low area usually occurs through the Balu, Sitalakhya River.
Administrative Division
The meteoric water is conveyed through the main khal (under one drainage basin) to Khader Ghospara and discharged into the Lakhya river through the Derma pumping station. However, during the floods of 1988, the DND area was only slightly safe from flooding, mainly due to timely flood control measures. The maximum depth and duration of flooding with the worst flood were estimated to be 0.76 m deep and 7.0 days, respectively.
To handle the increasing runoff due to future projected urbanization, another pumping station will be required to discharge storm water into the Lakhya River. The area is planned to be divided into two drainage zones, a northern and a southern zone (NA-I, NA-2).
Proposed Khal Improvement
Public Utilities
Urbanization: Problems and opportunity .1 Description of DND (8)
- Description of DND (N)
Due to the sheltered nature of the area from flooding, development is cheaper as landfills are not required. Most of the area is outside the jurisdiction of the DeC, making this area excluded from any organization that would look after civil facilities and infrastructure. The Eastern Ring Road along the Balu River will free the area from some through traffic.
With the completion of the DAP, the development embargo in this area should be lifted to ensure the planned development of the area. Internal migration from outside the project area and also from other districts is evident.
DATA COLLECTION
The physical, chemical and biological qualities of the water and waste water were assessed through laboratory tests. It is observed that in all cases the values of colour, alkalinity, nitrate, COD and BODs in Sitalakhya increased downstream than upstream due to the industrial pollution load from industries like Karim Jute mill, SCAN cement etc. located downstream of the river. Considering the BOD value, the water of river Lakhya can be used for drinking purpose after conventional treatment.
The BOD value for the stagnant water was found to be high due to the presence of aquatic plants in the pond, which decompose. Motor boating and shipping activities are also a significant source of pollution to the river in terms of oil and grease.
PHYSICAL RESOURCE
- Soil Quality
The uncontrolled dumping of solid waste at Matuail can seriously affect both surface water and ground water in the project area. But during site visit it was observed that the ambient air quality with respect to SPM of the area is very dusty near the industrial locations. Evaporation is lowest in November and highest in August and most of the rainwater drains into the surrounding rivers.
Hydrology of the project area which is largely influenced by Balu River located outside the project area and their tributaries. Low area of the project remains under water most of the time of the year.
ECOLOGICAL REOVRCE
- Fisheries
- Aquatic Biology
- Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
- Forest
Freshwater fish are Carp (Rui, Katla, Mrigal, Kalibaus etc.), Catfish (Boal, Bacha etc.) and Live fish (Koi, Singh, Magur etc.). The Sitalakhya stretch of river provides habitat for many species of fish and shellfish including Carps (Rui, Katla, Mrigal, Kalibaus etc.), Catfish (Boal, Panghas, Shilong, Bacha etc.) and live fish (Koi , Singh, Magur etc.) .). The number of aquatic fish in the DND area has decreased due to the dumping of untreated chemicals from dying industries (Janokantha 9/3/2003), so the impact level has been assessed at -2.
As no long-term ecological survey was carried out at this stage of study, no complete list of land fauna is available, but a number of bird species were observed in this area during field visit, including crow, eagle, jackal, sparrow, etc. no specific forest or reserved forest seen in this area but there are tree plantations on both sides of the internal roads and homestead seen in the project area.
HUMAN USE VALUE
- Agriculture
- Drainage
- Sewerage & Waste Disposal
There are piped water distribution systems covering 80% of the built-up area and the area is mainly in the northern part of DND and under zone-l of DW ASA. A 132 kV power line passes through the center of the project area from east to west (Fig 3.4). About 6.7 percent had kutcha drainage, but a significant number of households in the DND (N) area had no drainage at all (about 55.2 percent) with regard to disposal of the household sludge.
The water sanitation system covered 55.2 percent of the sampled households of the DND(N) project area. Internal flooding: The annual area of internal flooding is estimated at 410 ha, 7% of the DND area.
DEM,/
High and Habitable Land not flooded (Table 4.6)
- QUALITY OF LIFE VALUE
- Resettlement
- Population
The household survey in the DND (N) area revealed different types of occupations of the population. The primary occupational structure of the households, as identified in the survey, is shown in Table 4.9. The average monthly income of the sampled households in the DND (N) area was divided into three categories.
The average monthly expenditure on principals at DND (N) area under different occupations of sample household is presented in Table 4.10. At DND (N) area, a total of 51 percent of people have a low income; 32.9 percent have middle income and 16.1 percent have high income.
LEGEND
Environmental management plan Urban development plan
To ensure planned development, a master plan of a detailed development plan for priority areas must be prepared and followed. Necessary precautions should be taken during the construction phase to reduce drainage congestion, air pollution due to the addition of excessive dust, lack of sanitation, noise pollution, deterioration of surface water quality and traffic congestion. Recycling and processing of waste should be encouraged to conserve resources and prevent environmental degradation.
The environmental monitoring program for monitoring the quality of the environmental environment for the necessary parameters of the strategic location and at the required frequency should be planned including the effluent and emission if any. Monitoring data should be compiled, analyzed and evaluation report should be prepared for future reference and management decision.
Conclusion
People still use defecation in open spaces. e) Air and noise pollution in the DND project area. The industrial area in Jurain and Postogola, located in the project area, causes air and noise pollution. f) Public safety, i.e. public order, plays a crucial role in an urban situation. The basic positive findings can be described as follows: (a) Due to industrialization in the project area, people of the area are getting employment here and there, especially on both sides of the Sitalakhya River.
The area is close to the city centre, i.e. Motijheel, as a result the land value of the area increased tremendously over the last decade. There is a good standard of living and they earn relatively better. f) The area has access to the electricity, gas and water supply system (g) the medical facility and shopping centers have increased significantly in the DND project area.
Environmental Monitoring
ANNEXURE
