Design and Operation Exploration of a
Diamond-Shape Slotted Microstrip Antenna for Digital World High-Speed 5G Wireless Digital
Technologies.
Md. Sohel Rana Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET)
Khulna, Bangladesh [email protected]
Md. Mostafizur Rahman Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET)
Khulna, Bangladesh [email protected]
Abstract—This article develops and constructs a Diamond- shape slotted micro-strip antenna for upcoming wireless net- working. The antenna can help you get an elevated data rate while decreasing packets and enhancing customer acquisition.
A diamond-shape slot in the upper half of the radiating patch improves the return loss, gain, and bandwidth of a standard rectangular microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna is con- structed from a 0.5-millimeter Rogers RT 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The antenna’s return loss, gain, and bandwidth are −43.77 dB, 8.42 dBi, and 3.033 GHz, correspondingly.
Index Terms—diamond-shape, MPA,Rogers RT 5880,5G an- tenna, CST
I. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are extensively seen in the microwave spectral region low cost and affinity with manufactured techniques. They’re simple to make as single items or in arrays. An MPA is mainly composed of a metal patch [1]–[3]. MPAs are used to both transmit and receive microwave electromagnetic radiation. MPAs provide a number of advantages, along with a ease construction, tiny size, and the ability to be deployed in a variety of ways [4]. Microstrip antennas face architectural issues such as compacting and boosting bandwidth in practice. A number of researchers have created numerical algorithms to help in antenna design computations [5].
Wireless innovation has advanced over a few eras, from 0G to 5G .Because the millimeter wave spectrum is underutilized, 5G communications are expected utilise vast and in RANs.
This level production of 5G mobile communication networks can be enhanced and super speed communication [6]–[8].
Because of its high accuracy, massive capacity, and higher data speeds, Fifth Generation (5G) networks are becoming increasingly popular in wireless systems. Smart gadgets are becoming more popular right now. As a consequence, the upper band zone has a lower traffic density [9]–[11]. In remote
investigate, numerous innovations for a future remote connect are as of now being examined. High-speed information and comparatively tall requests will characterize end of the 5G landscape [12]–[15].
II. MICOSTRIPANTENNADESIGNANDPHYSICS
The foremost critical errands in attempting to make a resonator are customizing the surface patch, introducing the supply line, and impeccably matched impedance. Key figure in antenna plan is dielectric constant(ϵr),resonant frequency (fr), and substrate height (h).
A. Rectangular Patch
To decide the ultimate radiation productivity, the patch spacing is approximated employing equation (1).
W = vo
2fr
r 2
ϵr+ 1 (1)
Where,vo denotes constant light velocity.
Following equation is obtained by calculating the perpetual of dielectric of the substrate in arrange to develop a viable antenna.
ϵref f =ϵr+ 1
2 +ϵr−1 2
1 q
1 + 12Wh
(2)
Length development is measured utilizing formula (3).
∆L= 0.412h(ϵref f+ 0.3)(Wh + 0.264)
(ϵref f−0.258)(Wh + 0.8) (3) Equation 4 is utilized to detect the effective length.
L= vo 2fr
√ϵref f
−2∆L (4) 2022 2nd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON)
Pune, India. Aug 26-28, 2022
978-1-6654-6851-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 1
III. ANTENNAMODELANDCONFIGURATION
Inside this following paragraph, a rectangular resonator is re-modeled by putting a diamond-shaped slot onto the patch.
Proposed MPA is built using a Rogers RT 5880 substrate, which is a commonly used substrate that performs well in the high band area. The Rogers RT 5880 substrate is a minimal rates, low dielectric-strength, nimble, and humidity resilient substrate. It can bring positive results in a range of situations.
Including a permittivity of 2.2 and a loss of 0.0009, planned antenna is constructed using a Rogers RT 5880. The results of the recommended antenna are built and analyzed using CST Software.
Fig. 1. Diamond’s geometrical structure
A. Antenna Geometry
A patch antenna is overlaid with a diamond-shapesetup to establish a suitable transceiver. Following figure illustrates the shape towards this design.
Fig. 2. Overall geometric shape of the intended antenna
The estimations of this plan are recorded in Table-I.
TABLE I
PARAMETRICDIMENSIONS OF THEMPA Parameter Value(mm)
Wg 10.5
Lg 7.5
Wp 1.075
Lp 2.15
Wx 0.4
L1 1.14
Wy 1.1
Ly 1.4
a 1.5
The values of various sections are represented by the in- cluded parameters.A rectangular form having a 1.5 mm length is rotated 45 degrees to create the diamond shape.
IV. ANTENNA SIMULATION RESULTS In CST, the microstrip patch antenna design, development, and simulation were performed.
A. Return Loss
The S11 parameter was calculated using the simulation results. The bandwidth is kept within -10 dB. The resonance frequency is used to operate the antenna. It has a resonance frequency of 41.87 GHz, as seen in figure 3. Its return loss at this frequency is determined to be -43.77 dB. Mentioned antenna’s bandwidth is calculated by measuring the distance between two crossings at 40.398 GHz and 43.431 GHz. The MPA has a bandwidth of 3.033 GHz, as depicted in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Planned antenna’s S-parameter characteristics
B. VSWR
The vitality perception of an antenna is symbolized by the VSWR. The VSWR value ought to be a real and positive quantity. As the VSWR number lowers, the antenna’s pro- ductivity increases. This explicates how the impedance of the transmission network is matched. For VSWR, the bandwidth should be no more than 2 and no less than 1. In a perfect world, it would be 1. Fig. 4 indicates that the VSWR quantity attained at a resonance frequency of 41.87 GHz is 1.013. Antenna covers from 40.312 GHz to 43.53 GHz.
Fig. 4. The VSWR qualities about the specified antenna
C. Radiation Pattern and Gain
The reflection coefficient is thought by being the only way to tell if a microstrip patch antenna is of good quality. It’s an important metric since it indicates how effectively the antenna works. Following figures depict the antenna’s 3D and 2D gain radiation characteristics, respectively. At 41.87 GHz,
2
the maximum gain is 8.42 dBi, which is ideal for wireless communication.
Fig. 5. 3D gain observation of the stated antenna
Figure 6 depicts gain pattern in 2D polar form. The major lobe has a value of 8.44 dBi and a direction of 7.0 degrees.
The 3dB angular width is 63.0 degrees. This MPA does minor lobe of -15.8 dB.
Fig. 6. Gain pattern in the farfield polar form
D. Radiation Pattern and Directivity
The order in which the antennas have the highest directivity is shown in Figure 7. At 41.87 GHz, the antenna’s maximum directivity is 9.13 dBi.
Fig. 7. The 3D directivity field configuration of the designed antenna
The polar version of the directivity pattern is shown in Figure 8. The major lobe is 9.14 dBi in magnitude and 7.0 degrees in direction. 63.0 degrees is the 3dB angular width.
The sidelobe quantity is -15.5 dB.
Fig. 8. Directivity arrangement in polar form
E. Efficiency
The antenna efficiencyϵis the connection between gain and directivity of an antenna:
ϵ= G
D (5)
in which G is the transceiver gain and D is the directivity.
The efficiency of planned antenna is 92.34%
The simulation results are tabulated in Table 2.
TABLE II
COMPUTER GENERATED OUTCOME THE DESIGNED ANTENNA Parameter Value
Return Loss(dB) -43.77 Bandwidth(GHz) 3.033 Directivity(dBi) 9.13
Gain(dBi) 8.42 Efficiency(%) 92.34
By integrating a diamond shape slot, the suggested antenna has achieved high efficiency, better gain, broader bandwidth, and perfect directivity, as shown in Table 2.
V. A CONTRAST OF THEINTENDEDANTENNA
The following table contrasts the preferred antenna towards the other documented antenna for prospective 5G connectivity.
3
TABLE III
ACOMPARISON OF EXISTING REPORTED ANTENNAS AND THE STATED ANTENNA
Published Antenna Return Loss (dB)
Bandwidth (GHz)
Gain (dBi)
[16] -44.059 1.008 −
[17] -19.5 1.318 6.48
[18] -72.07 6.467 4.244
[19] − 0.85 4.86
[20] -43 3.34 3.75
Proposed Antenna -43.77 3.033 8.42
The following table contrasts the greatest gain, maximum return loss, and broad spectrum of the stated antenna. Proposed MPA can be an excellent fit choice for expanding need for 5G technologies.
VI. RESULTANALYSIS
The designed MPA posses a peak gain of 8.42 dBi at 41.87 GHz. Mentioned MPA has lowest s parameter of -43.77 dB.
The MPA has bandwidth of 3.033 GHz, that is vast in high- band region. This antenna performs in the upper spectrum, has a wide bandwidth, and a high gain. Planned MPA has a high efficiency of 92.34 %. Therefore as consequence, this MPA is perhaps a better match for forthcoming 5G high-band implementations.
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper studied a Diamond-shape slotted microstrip MPA that is realigned by inputting a Diamond-shape slot into a rectangular MPA to evaluate MPA quality characteristics.
Designed MPA is destined for consumptions in 5G function- alities. 5G technology allows for high data transmission rates, serviceability, vast capabilities, and other advantages. CST is adopted in the model and optimization of the system. This MPA is shaped on Rogers RT 5880 substrate and has a depth of 0.5 millimeters, a permittivity of 2.2, and a loss of 0.0009.
Rogers RT 5880 is a widely used substrate. It shows better performance at high band region. At 41.87 GHz, stated MPA posses maximal gain of 8.42 dBi. With a bandwidth of 3.033 GHz, the frequency range is 40.398 GHz to 43.431 GHz.
Mentioned MPA has return loss at frequency is −43.77 dB.
Mentioned MPA has a huge efficiency of 92.34%. The antenna performance standards are being met as demand grows. The antenna configuration developed might be utilized for upper- band 5G wireless transmission,a subsequent phenomenon in digital communications.
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