DCL is abbreviation for Data Control Language

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INSTRUCTOR:

NUSRAT JAHAN

SENIOR LECTURER, SWE, DIU.

SE223

LECTURE 2

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Introduction

• • SQL is abbreviation for Structured Query Language

• • A Database Language that communicates with

• Relational Database

• • Can be divided into more specific language

• – DDL

• – DML

• – DCL

• – TCL

12/04/2023Database

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DDL

• • DDL is abbreviation for Data Definition Language

• • Used to define the database structure or schema

• • CREATE - to create objects in the database

• • ALTER - alters the structure of the database

• • DROP - delete objects from the database

• • TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table

• • COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary

• • RENAME - rename an object

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DML

DML is abbreviation for Data Manipulation Language

• Used to manipulate data within schema objects

• SELECT - retrieve data from the a database

• INSERT - insert data into a table

• UPDATE - updates existing data within a table

• DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the

records remain

• MERGE - UPSERT operation (Insert or Update)

• CALL - call a Stored-Procedure

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DCL

• DCL is abbreviation for Data Control Language

• Used to define roles and permissions to access database

• GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database

• REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT

command

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TCL

TCL is abbreviation for Transactional Control Language

• Used to manage the changes made by DML statements

• COMMIT - save work done

ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last

COMMIT

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Thanks

¹²^/0

4/2023Database