Aqua Silencer is used to reduce emissions and noise, but also reduces its harmful effects with the help of activated carbon, lime water. To test the ability of a water muffler to reduce engine exhaust lever noise.
STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT
It basically consists of a perforated pipe which is installed at the exhaust outlet from the engine, which can have holes of variable diameters. The mechanical performance criterion specifies the material properties of the exhaust system to ensure that it is durable and requires little maintenance when placed in service. Secondary loading outside of muffler weight can also affect exhaust system design and cost.
Traps installed at the lowest point of the muffler prevent rainwater from reaching the engine. A flexible connection is also used to isolate the weight of the exhaust system from the engine to allow relative displacement of the exhaust components due to thermal growth. Here activated carbon is used to clean the exhaust i.e. carbon and other polluting pollutants.
The right choice of material for the various parts of a machine is the main goal in the manufacture of the machine. They are the remuneration costs (wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, etc.) of the employees of a group or company. In principle, an aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube that is mounted at the end of the exhaust pipe.
Compa Smoke analyzer tests were conducted to analyze the performance of the Aqua silencer. The reduction in the content of the emission in this aqua silencer is due to the embedded charcoal having absorbed 74%.
LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………………...13-15
SILENCER SELECTION FACTORS
Acoustical performance………………………………………………………………………...16-17
Structural performance
A standard engine muffler is not traditionally designed to absorb significant loads due to seismic activity, wind or thermal growth of adjacent piping. Silencers that are specifically incorporated as an element of an exhaust "stack" must be designed to accommodate the loads that will be absorbed due to potentially high wind loads as well as seismic activity. A purchased muffler should be isolated from significant piping leaks through the use of flexible expansion joints to reduce or eliminate load transfer and engine vibration.
Custom mufflers can easily be designed when the force and torque values that can be placed on a connection are specified at the time of quotation.
SILENCER TYPES
- Reactive silencer………………………………………………………………………………..18-19
- Combination silencer
- Spark arresting silencer………………………………………………………………………...19-20
- Heat recovery silencer
- Tuned silencer
- Active silencer……………………………………………………………………………….....20-21
- Exhaust silencer
- Exhaust Accessories…………………………………………………………………………..21-22
Knowledge of the structural content of an exhaust system is important when considering the inclusion of a catalytic element or Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system in conjunction with the muffler. Particle migration from the insulation into the exhaust stream over a period of time can cause the catalytic element to become fouled and significantly affect or hinder its performance. The particle trap must be periodically inspected and cleaned to ensure proper functionality of the spark arresting capability of the muffler.
Incorporating the catalytic element into the muffler housing can reduce the cost of the combined system by eliminating the need for a separate acoustic muffler and a separate catalyst housing and tracking system. Most of the energy available in the fuel used in reciprocating and gas turbine engines is rejected as heat. A small deviation of the muffler's resonant frequency from the peak noise frequency will greatly degrade the sound dampening ability.
Physical characteristics of the equipment space can also determine the specific configuration of an exhaust system layout and should be considered in the conceptual layout phase of the design.
SYSTEM EVALUATION
- System noise
- System backpressure
- PERFORATED TUBE
- CHARCOAL LAYER………………………………………………………………………….26-27
A wall or roof insulating thimble is generally required when the exhaust system passes through a combustible wall or roof and must comply with all applicable federal, state and local fire codes. Rain caps are traditionally used to prevent precipitation from entering the exhaust system when the generator is idle. Thermal insulation blankets may be required to wrap the exhaust system to prevent excessive heat radiation into the generator room or to protect service personnel from exposure to extremely hot piping components.
Determining the maximum outside temperature for an isolated exhaust component will depend on many factors and is often difficult to predict without specific knowledge of the exact service environment. Factors such as the ambient temperature and the air flow over the pipe elements can greatly affect the heat flow from the system and have a direct influence on the system's expected surface temperature. High back pressure can cause a decrease in engine efficiency or increase in fuel consumption, overheating and can result in a complete shutdown of the generator system, potentially causing significant damage.
Our project is an essential part of the whole setup, according to which this whole setup is designed.
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
Knowledge of the influence of the production process and heat treatment on material properties is mandatory for the designer. The property of the material is that after the removal of external forces, it regains its original shape after deformation. It is a property of a material that allows it to be drawn into a wire using a tensile force.
It is the property of material versus ductile.. property of breaking a material with little permanent deformation. It is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads such as hammer blows. It is measured by the amount absorbed after being stressed to the point of fracture.
It is the property of a material to absorb energy and withstand rock and shock loads.
COST ESTIMATION
The direct labor costs are the costs of labor that can be directly identified with the production of the product and can be allocated to cost centers or cost units. It includes the material in the form of the Material provided by the "Steel Authority of India limited" and. A layer of activated charcoal is provided around the perimeter of the perforated tube and further a metal mesh covers it.
After passing over the coal bed, some gases may dissolve in the water and finally the exhaust gases escape through the opening into the atmosphere. Its decolorizing power was used by Derosne in 1812 to clarify syrups obtained in the refining of sugar; but its use in this direction has now greatly diminished owing to the introduction of more active and more easily administered reagents. The process used to preform a hardware component is known as the primary design process.
A welded joint is a permanent joint obtained by fusing the ends of two parts to join together, with or without pressure and a filler material. The smoke emission of the Aqua muffler, from a single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine, is analyzed using a gas analyzer. This is because the lime water and embedded activated carbon has absorbed the gases.
PURPOSE OF COST ESTIMATING
MATERIAL COST ESTIMATION……………………………………………………………...34-35
The list is prefaced with a rating indicating quality, size and standard parts, weight of raw material and price per kg. This cost estimate is an attempt to predict the total costs that manufacturing may involve, excluding material costs. An estimate of the cost of manufactured parts can be viewed as a due diligence estimate that includes the labor, material, and factory services required to produce the required part.
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF MATERIAL COST
LABOUR COST…………………………………………………………………………………35-37
This includes those parts which were readily available in the market such as claimed screws etc. These are the labor costs which cannot be allocated but which can be allocated to or absorbed by cost centers or cost units. These are the costs of labor that do not change the construction, confirmation, composition or condition of direct material, but are necessary for the progressive movement and handling of the product to the point of dispatch, e.g. maintenance, men, helpers, machine fitters, supervisors and foremen, etc.
The total labor cost is calculated based on wages paid to the labor for 8 hours per day. Cost of project = (A) material cost + (B) Machining cost + (C) labor cost (A) Material cost is calculated as under: - . i) Raw material cost ii) Cost of finished product. The perforated tube hole with different diameters is to break up gas mass to form smaller gas bubbles.
A small opening is in the top of the container to remove the exhaust gases, and there is a drain plug at the bottom of the container for periodic cleaning of the container.
CHARCOAL………………………………………………………………………………..……39-40
Activated charcoal readily adsorbs a wide range of organic compounds dissolved or suspended in gases and liquids. In certain industrial processes, such as the purification of sucrose from cane sugar, impurities cause an unwanted color, which can be removed with activated charcoal. The medical use of activated charcoal is mainly the adsorption of toxins, especially in the case of suicide attempts in which the patient has ingested a large amount of a drug.
Activated charcoal is available over the counter, so it is used for a variety of health-related applications. For example, it is often used to reduce discomfort (and discomfort) due to excess gas in the digestive tract. It contains only about 10% carbon, the rest being calcium and magnesium phosphates (80%) and other inorganic materials originally present in bones.
A c t i v at ed carbon on is m or e wi d el y us ed or the r em o v al of t a s t e and do or ous from the public water supplies because it has excellent properties for attracting gases, finely divided impurities and particulate types. , The activated carbon, usually in powder form, is added to the water either before or after coagulation with sedimentation.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS………………………………………………………………...43-45
The results obtained from the analysis of the project are given below in Tables 5 and 6. The water silencer is more effective in reducing the emission of gases from the engine reducing the emission of gases from the engine. By using water as a medium, the sound can be lowered and also by using activated carbon in water, we can control the exhaust emission to a greater level.
It can also be used for two-wheelers and four-wheelers and can also be used in industries. Technological breakthroughs such as the Aqua Silencer could be the answer to reducing toxic emissions in the environment of engines. Currently, the Aqua Silencer is only suitable for use in industrial engines and heavy-duty vehicles.
But R&D departments have taken the subject into consideration and are going to develop and redesign the Aqua Silencer to enable it to be fitted to cars that retain its aerodynamics.
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
RESULT
COMPARISONS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
