DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND COMMUNICATION JMC-129
BY: DR. SHEIKH SHAFIUL ISLAM
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION
Presented By:
Dr. Sheikh Shafiul Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
Daffodil International University
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
What is a Community
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
a feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals.
a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality,
share government, and often have a common cul
tural and historical heritage.
DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The UN defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.“
It is a broad term given to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities.
Community development is also understood as a professional discipline, and is defined by the International Association for Community Development
"a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that
promotes participative democracy, sustainable development,
rights, economic opportunity, equality and social justice, through
the organisation, education and empowerment of people within
their communities, whether these be of locality, identity or
interest, in urban and rural settings".
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Community development seeks to empower
individuals and groups of people with the
skills they need to effect change within their
communities. These skills are often created
through the formation of social groups
working for a common agenda. Community
developers must understand both how to
work with individuals and how to affect
communities' positions within the context of
larger socio-economic and cultural
institutions.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES
There are numerous overlapping approaches to community development. Some focus on the processes, some on the outcomes/ objectives. They include:
Self Help Group: focuses on the development of the people with equal socio- economic status, interest and needs
Women Self Help Group : focuses on the contribution of women in settlement groups.
Community capacity development: focusing on helping communities obtain, strengthen, and maintain the ability to set and achieve their own development objectives.
Large Group Capacitation: an adult education and social psychology approach grounded in the activity of the individual and the social psychology of the large group focusing on large groups of unemployed or semi-employed participants, many of whom with Lower Levels of Literacy (LLLs).
Social Capital formation: focusing on benefits derived from the cooperation between individuals and groups.
Community Economic Development : CED: an alternative to conventional economic development which encourages using local resources in a way that enhances economic outcomes while improving social conditions.
Sustainable development : which seeks to achieve, in a balanced manner,
economic development, social development and environmental protection
outcomes.
APPROACHES
CDD), an economic development model which shifts dependence on central governments to local communities.
Asset based community development; is a methodology that seeks to uncover and use the strengths within communities as a means for sustainable development.
Faith-based community development; which utilizes faith based organizations to bring about community development outcomes.
Community based participatory research (CBPR); a partnership approach to research that equitably involves, for example, community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process and in which all partners contribute expertise and share decision making and ownership, which aims to integrate this knowledge with community development outcomes.
Community organizing ; a term used to describe an approach that generally assumes that social change necessarily involves conflict and social struggle in order to generate collective power for the powerless.
Participatory planning including community-based planning (CBP); involving the entire community in the strategic and management processes of urban planning; or, community-level planning processes, urban or rural.[
Language based development focuses on the use of a language so that it serves the needs of a community. This may involve the creation of books, films and other media in the language. These actions help a small language community to preserve their language and culture.
MONOLOGIC AND DIALOGIC COMMUNICATION
What is Monologic Communication?
Monologic communication denotes a situation where one person speaks, and the other listens. However, there is no real interaction between participants since the communication is only one-directional. The monologic communicator is only interested in his or her own goals and has no real interest or concern for the listener’s attitudes and feelings. The communicator may also show a reluctance to talk about or listen to the other person’s ideas. He or she would frequently give negative personal judgments and negative criticism about the listener. The monologic communicator may also request the listener to say positive things about himself (about the communicator).
According to Johannsen (1996), the monologic communicator attempts to
“ command, coerce, manipulate, conquer, dazzle, deceive, or exploit”. He does not take others seriously since he views others as ‘things’ to be exploited. The focus in monologic communication is not on the audience’s’
or listener’s’ real needs, but on the communicators’ message and purpose.
The communicator needs responses or feedback from the listeners only to
further his purpose, not to help the audience to understand or to clarify
unclear points. In addition, monologic communicators have a superior and
often condescending attitude towards the audience.
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What is Dialogic Communication?
Dialogic communication is an interaction where each person involved plays the role of both speaker and listener. In other words, this is a communication where everyone has a chance to express themselves. Mutual understanding and empathy are hallmarks of dialogic communication. There is a deep concern and respect for the other person and the relationship between them in this type of communication.
