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CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL
The thesis titled "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEM" Submitted by - BME1601008083-Md.Osman Gony Lalon, BME1601008125- Md.Tanvir Ahammed, BME1601008206-Gazi Mohammad Shahajalal, BME1601008163-Asif Nihal, BME1601008256- Shahnewaz, BME1503007659-Md. Obaidul Islam bhuiyan, Session 2016-17-18-19 has been accepted as Satisfactory partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering on 03 February 2020.
Countersigned
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Md. Mostofa Hossain
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sonargaon University (SU), Dhaka -1215
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DECLARATION
We, hereby, declare that the work presented in this Thesis, is the outcome of the research work performed by us under the supervision of Md. Mostofa Hossain, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sonargaon University (SU).
We also declare that no part of this thesis and there has been or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or Diploma.
NAME AND SIGNATURE OF STUDENTS
BME1601008083 MD. OSMAN GONY LALON
BME1601008125 MD. TANVIR AHAMMED
BME1601008206 GAZI MOHAMMAD SHAHA JALAL
BME1601008163 ASIF NIHAL
BME1601008256 SHAHNEWAZ
BME1503007659 MD. OBAIDUL ISLAM BHUIYAN
CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL...I
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DECLARATION...II CONTENTS...III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....VI ABSTRACT...VII LIST OF FIGURE...VIII LIST OF TABLE......IX
Chapter-1:INTRODUCTION/INCEPTION : 01
1.1: Introduction
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1.2: Objective
Chapter-2: LITERATURE REVIEW 03
2.1 Literature Review
Chapter-3: RESEARCH/EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 05
3.1 Flow chart of SHS design process.
3.2 Circuit diagram of solar home system.
3.3 Basic components of SHS.
3.3.1 Solar panel.
3.3.2 Solar battery.
3.3.3 Solar charger controller 3.3.4 Inverter.
3.5 Experimental of Modern home system 3.5.3 Layout of Modern Home System 3.5.3 Constriction of Modern SHS
Chapter-4: DESCRIPTION 12
4.1: Definition
4.2 : The structure of the sun contains the following 4.3 The layers of the sun thick.
4.4 Some facts about the sun.
4.5 Definition of energy 4.6 Renewable energy.
4.6.1 Main forms/sources of renewable energy.
4.6.2 Types of Renewable energy 4.7 Advantages of renewable energy.
Chapter-5: SOLAR HOME SYSTEM 20
5.1 Solar Home System 5.1.1 Basic Components:
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5.2 Circuit Diagram of Solar Home System 5.3 Site Screening
5.4 Load Determination 5.5 Battery Sizing 5.6 Array Sizing
5.7 Selection of Charge Controller 5.8 Selection of Converter
5.9 System Wiring
5.10 Cost of Power from DESCO (3.546 kw-h)
5.11 Comparison Between Solar Home System and Power from DESCO 5.12 Identifying Direct Costs
5.13 Capital costs
5.14 Operating and maintenance Cost 5.15 Advantage of Solar Home System 5.16 Limitation of Solar Home System 5.17 Sola power system
5.18 Photovoltaic cell, module and array 5.19 Advantages photovoltaic system 5.20 The working principle of solar cell.
5.21 Solar energy.
5.22 Concentrated solar power 5.22.1 SOLAR ENERGY USES
5.23 Advantages of solar energy
Chapter-6: Aspects of Solar Energy in Bangladesh 37
6.1 Crisis of Power in Bangladesh 6.2 Data on power crisis in Bangladesh 6.3 Solar Energy in Bangladesh
6.4 Solar Energy Project
6.5 Development in Solar Energy Program
6.7 Development of renewable energy sector in Bangladesh 6.6 Power Crisis and Solution in Bangladesh
Chapter-7: IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
POWER SYSTEM 43
7.1 Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency η
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7.1.2 Short circuit current ISC 7.1.3 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 7.2 Maximum Power (PMP) 7.2.1 Fill Factor FF
7.2.2 Improving the Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cell 7.2.3 Light Energy (Photons) Absorption
7.2.3 Losses Due to parasitic resistance 7.3 Evolution of Solar cells
7.4 Solar (Photovoltaic) Power System
7.5 Smart Grid Photovoltaic Inverter System (SGPVI) 7.6 Grid-Integrated Photovoltaic Inverter System 7.7 Multi-level Inverter Topology
7.8 Output Voltage and Switching States 7.9 The Maximum power point tracking (MPPT 7.10 Grid integration and disconnection 7.11 Monitoring and Communications 7.12 Power Magnetics
7.13 IGBT Module 7.14 Transformer
Chapter-8: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 59
8.1 Identifying Direct Costs 8.2. Solar charge controller sizing 8.3 Solar PV System Sizing
8.3.1 Size the PV Module 8.3.2 Inverter sizing 8.3.3 Battery sizing 8.4 Load Determination
8.5: Performance Comparison of Solar Panel in a day
8.6 Result
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Chapter-9 CONCLUTION 65 REFERENCE 66
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Thanks to the Almighty, the creator and sustainer who has given us strength and opportunity to complete the Thesis title, Experimental Study of Solar Home System. We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation our teacher Md. Mostofa Hossain for his guidance in the execution of the thesis and for his kind understanding. Our acknowledgement also goes out to the thesis presentation assessor.
Finally, We express our greetings to all our friend and teacher who have influenced and encouraged of us to develop this thesis.
ABSTRACT
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Solar energy is one of the most popular form of renewable energy. The use of solar panel is increasing rapidly all over the world. Fortunately, the location of Bangladesh is quite suitable for harnessing solar energy. However, large area is still uncovered either by grid electricity or by electricity generated from renewable sources. In the off grid areas of Bangladesh, solar home system is getting popular day by day due to its declining price and due to favorable financial packages offered through Infrastructure Development Company Ltd. (ID-COL).[9] Around 50,000 SHS are being installed every month under IDCOL program only. Already IDCOL has achieved a target of installing two million (SHS) by March 2013. IDCOL has a target to finance a total capacity of 300 MWp by 2022.In our project we try to improve the efficiency of Home Solar System. Also develop of home security system with PIR sensor and auto ON/OFF lighting system with PIR sensor. In our project, we used 20W solar panel, 12V battery (7.5A), Charge Controller, 3W DC light, DC security alarm and PIR sensor. Firstly we connected solar panel with charge controller then connected battery with charge controller after that we connected PIR sensor, light and security alarm with power supply. This is the way we do the work. So it is the high time to measure what are the impacts of SHS in our country. This result will lead us to solve our energy problem more effectively.
LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure No. Name of Figure Page
Figure: 3.1 Block Diagram of Solar Home System Design Process Figure 3.2 : Design of solar Home Systems
Figure 3.3 : Circuit diagram of Solar home system Figure 3.4 : Solar Panel
Figure 3.5 : Solar Battery
Figure 3.6: Solar Charger Controller Figure 3.7: Inverter
Figure 4.1 : The Sun with its Layer Structure Figure 4.2 : Some facts about the Sun
Figure 4.3 : Main forms/sources of renewable Energy Figure 4.4 : Types of renewable energy
Figure 4.5 : Biomass Process Figure 4.6 : Wind Energy Process Figure 4.7 : Hydropower process Figure 5.1 : Photovoltaic System
Figure 5.2 : Photovoltaic Cell, Module, Panel, Array Figure 5.3 : The working principle of solar cell Figure 5.4 : Typical grid connected PV solar system Figure 5.5 : Solar Power tower
Figure 6-1: Graph of Power Crisis
Figure 6-2: Graph of Monthly average solar radiation profile in Bangladesh Figure 6-3 : The highest and lowest intensity of direct radiation in W/m²
Figure 6-4: Distribution of solar Home system in six divisions of Bangladesh to January2013 Figure 6-5: Solar Home Systems to Produce Light
Figure 8.1 Solar Radiation Spectrums
Figure 8.2 Solar Radiation Air Mass standards and corresponding Latitude Figure 8.3 Solar Spectrums Terrestrial
Figure 8.4 Practical Solar Cell Equivalent circuit.
Figure 8.5 Amorphous Solar Cells
Figure 8.6 : 2ND Generations Solar Cells Efficiency Milestones Figure 8.7 3RD Generations Solar Cells Efficiency Milestones Figure8.8 Best Research Solar Cells Efficiencies
Figure 8.9 Record 41.6%-Efficient Concentrator Solar Cells Efficiency Figure 8.10 Sun’s position; Azimuth and Altitude
Figure 8.11 A 2-Axis Tracking system Figure 8.12 30W/2.5V solar panel
Figure.8.13 Plots of peak power at different tilt angles Figure 8.15, 12V/294W Hand Made Solar Panel
Figure 8.16 Grid Interactive Photovoltaic Power systems Figure 8.17 2-level 3-phase Inverter Topology
Figure 8.18 3-level 3-phase Inverter Topology
Figure 8.19 3-level 3-phase Inverter Topology Phase 1 Figure 8.20 MPP on IV-Curve of a PV Module
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1- Projected Demand for Electricity (Base Case) Table 1.2- Projected Demand for Electricity (High Case) Table 1.3- Projected Demand for Electricity (Low Case) Table 1.4- Perspective Energy Plan of Present Government Table 6.1- Data on power crisis in Bangladesh
Table 7.1: Load Determination Table 7.2: Wire Standard Size
Table 7.3: Maximum length of wire for 0.6 volt drop in 12 volt system Table 7.4: Maximum length of wire for 1.2 volt drop in 12 volt system Table 7.5: Cost of Solar Power System (3.546 kw-h)
Table 7.6: Comparison Between Solar Home System and Power from DESCO.
Table 8.1 Different Solar Cells performance table -2001 Table 8.2 Azimuth Angle by heading
Table 8.3 PV-WATTS Simulation of the 5KW Power system: Fixed Array Table 8.4 PV-WATTS Simulation of the 5KW Power system: 2-Axis Tracker Table 8.5 Load Estimate of the 5KW power system
Table 8.6: Truth table for output voltage and switching states Table 8.7: Utility grid voltage and frequency limits for grid-tied PV
