Me and Ward No. 5 out of 5 selected wards of pourashava, there is no piped water supply. The objective was to identify flaws, if any, and provide suggestions for improving the situation. Faecal-oral routes of disease Transmission Location of Gazipur district of Bangladesh Population distribution of Gazipur pourashava Organogram of Gazipur Pourashava.
General
The important route of transmission of many of the water-related diseases is through the contamination of drinking water sources in many situations with classic water-related pathogens, such as typhoid and cholera. In rural areas, 22% and in urban areas 15% of the population do not have access to improved sources of drinking water (UNICEF and WHO, 2008). Field survey and door-to-door interview were conducted to assess and collect data on the existing condition of the specified subject.
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Solid wastc Mismanagcmcnt
Contaminated drinking water, used in food preparation, can be the source of foodborne illness through the consumption of the same microorganisms (www.answers.com/topic/waterborne Diseases). In the vast majority of cases, people become infected when material contaminated with feces enters their mouths. The germs in feces can cause the diseases even with minor contact and transmission.
Several recent outbreaks in the United States and Canada are directly attributable to this sequence of events. Lead to serious diseases and can be fatal, in case of a severe attack Reduce the body's resistance to infections and diseases. Lead: Lead is dangerous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system.
Exposure to contaminated water can cause diarrhea, skin irritation, respiratory problems, and other illnesses, depending on the contaminant in the water body. Stagnant water and other untreated water provide a habitat for mosquitoes and a host of other parasites and insects that cause a large number of diseases especially in tropical regions. Water-borne epidemics and health hazards in the aquatic environment are mainly due to improper management of water resources.
The other essential components in the prevention of waterborne diseases are the sanitary disposal of sewage and the environmental control of toxic chemicals.
Sanitation Deficit
Benefits of Water and Sanitation
The IOC community is frustrated by the lackluster approach of the 08 summit in Japan and the relative neglect of water and sanitation issues at the 2008 UN high-level meeting to review IOC progress (Seguftah, 2009). In an unusually hard-hitting analysis, the report argues that the water crisis is "reinforcing obscene inequalities in life chances that divide rich and poor nations", and laments the absence of any clear global plan to achieve water and sanitation targets, nor a sufficiently detailed national strategy. It also calls on rich countries to reverse the declining share of total foreign aid devoted to water and sanitation – $6.3 billion in 2006 represented about 6% of all development aid, with less than a quarter going to least developed countries (LDCs). .
The cost of meeting the MOO target for sanitation has been set at $10, which causes far fewer deaths than unsafe water and sanitation (Seguftah, 2009). A 2008 report by Water Aid suggests that a combination of corruption and overlapping responsibilities divert funds away from local authorities, so that the proportion of aid actually invested in water and sanitation programmers is alarmingly low. Government issues in water and sanitation extend all the way to the recipient communities themselves.
It has been proven time and time again that success with water and sanitation developers depends on creating a sense of local ownership. Nevertheless, community-level water supply and sanitation projects in rural and urban areas have a consistent track record of success, which stands in stark contrast to the history of large-scale municipal programs in the public and private sectors. The aim of the initiative was to show how hand washing with soap can effectively prevent diseases.
In many countries the focus of the campaign was on schools and through the media.
Introductioll
Water supply and sewerage activities are carried out by two sections of the pourashava and physical installations are also associated with the corresponding sections. The main sections of pourashava are administrative, engineering, conservation, water supply, health, assessment, accounting etc.
GAZIPUR MUNICIPALITY MAP
It can be said that it will be very difficult to manage these areas and implement a permanent waste collection system here. Several field visits and surveys have been conducted to study the existing situation of water supply, sanitation, waste management, excrement disposal and drainage systems in the selected wards. A comprehensive household survey was conducted to assess the situation of selected wards in terms of basic services.
Visual inspections also help to map the impact of various interventions on the existing situation. The study also aimed to understand the impact of other environmental factors such as land type, lowering of water table, etc. The questions were designed keeping in mind the lifestyle of the urban communities.
After collecting the data, a standard format in the form of a table was prepared to compare the data obtained from different study areas.
CHAPTER -4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Perception of causes of skin disease by education category (From Questionnaire survey in Appendix-B)
- Record of Waterborne Diseases in Gazipur Pourashava
- Health impact
The population of Gazipur pourashava suffers from various water borne diseases such as jaundice, dysentery, diarrhea etc. Figure: 4.20 Water borne diseases related to water supply system according to field survey in Gazipur pourashava. Figure: 4.21 Fecal-oral/water borne diseases related to sanitation system according to field survey in Gazipur pourashava.
Figure: 4.22 Faecal-oral W aterborne diseases in relation to solid waste management system according to field survey in Gazipur pourashava. Figure: 4.23 Faecal-oral Water borne diseases with respect to monthly income based on water supply system according to field survey in Gazipur pourashava Figure 4.20 shows 57% diseases are caused to used hand tube water and 33%. The main cause of these diseases is the unsanitary condition and inadequate water supply system of the people of Gazipur pourashava.
The disease situation in relation to selected wards is shown in Figure-4.24 (Table A7 in Appendix-A). Based on the above Figure 4.25, it is observed that there is no Ward that can be said to be perfect based on the existence of four services. Sino sectors Well facilitated Less facilitated No facilities I Pipe supply Ward NO.3 and Ward NO.7 Ward No.
In ward No. 3, 4 and 5, the solid waste disposal system and health and hygiene conditions are good than the other two wards.
CHAPTER -5
CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
- NGO involvcIllcnt
To eliminate the water borne diseases, more emphasis should be given to issues like (i) treated water in pipelines for all (ii) proper drainage facilities through pourashava (iii) proper sanitation facilities for all (iv) safe waste disposal system for total pourashava area (v ) hygiene education for all the population of Gazipur pourashava. (vi) boiling water for drinking. A good quality reliable water supply system is required and for that a regular washing and rehabilitation facility should be adapted by the PWSS. For pipeline water it is also important to evacuate the sewage and for this purpose a proper sullage connection should be made to evacuate the total sewage from the pourashava area.
The unauthorized connections must be removed from the system and the water waste must be controlled to make the system profitable. So the detailed investigation of that sullage treatment and removal system should be taken into account. To cover the total pourashava under the pipe system, the total areas must be under a centralized water supply system with a pipework for distribution of water.
Pourashava should develop a procedure for cleaning each toilet by the concerned people. As far as solid waste disposal is concerned, Paurashava should take necessary measures to provide dustbins, collect garbage and dispose of it hygienically, preferably in sanitary landfills. Finally, the health benefits of Gazipur Paurashava interventions in the form of education on water supply, sanitation and hygiene need to be studied in depth.
The role of women, especially in water supply and hygiene, should be much greater than that of men; in most cases they spend all their time on household activities.
According to Graduate, Worms can be caused for. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in soil (f) Irregular bath (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) Don't know. According to Bo SSC, Worms can be caused for. a)Watcr(b)Unhygienic food (c)Spicy food (d)Fatty food(e)Playing in soil(f)Irregular bathing(g)Lack of cleanliness(h)Irregular meal(i)Don't know. According to Onder sse, Worms can be caused by. a)Water(b)Unhygienic food (c)Spicy food (d)Fat food(e)Playing in soil(f)Irregular bath(g)Lack of cleanliness(h)Irregular meal(i)Don't know.
According to Analfabet, Worms can be caused by. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in soil (f) Irregular bathing (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) Don't know. According to Graduate, diarrhea can be caused by. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in soil (f) Irregular bath (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) Don't know. According to Bo sse, diarrhea can be caused by. a) Water(b)Unhygienic food (c)Spicy food (d)Fatty food( e)Playing in soil(f)Irregular bath(g)Lack of cleanliness(h)Irregular meal(i)Don't know.
According to Below sse may be the cause of diarrhea. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in the soil (f) Irregular bathing (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) I don't know. According to illiterate words, it can be the cause of diarrhea. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in the soil (f) Irregular bathing (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) Don't know. According to Graduate, dysentery may be the result. a) Water (b ) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Greasy food (e) Playing in the soil (f) Irregular bathing (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) I don't know.
According to the above sse, dysentery can be caused by. a) Water (b) Unhygienic food (c) Spicy food (d) Fatty food (e) Playing in soil (f) Regular bathing (g) Lack of cleanliness (h) Irregular meal (i) Don't know.
