Pengalengan Jamur Mutiara (Pleurotus Ostreatus)

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S e p e r t i t i n g g r n y a l a n g i t d a r i bumi

d e m i k i a n l a h t i n g g i n y a i a l a n K ~ ( d a r i jalanmu

d a n r a n c a n g a n K ~ i d a r i rancanganmu f Y e s a y a 53-91. S e b a b i t u i a n g a n l a h kamu k u a t i r a k a n h a r i e s o k , k a r e n a h a r i e s o i : mempunyai kesrcsahannya e n d i r i .

k:esosahan s e h a r i c u k ~ i p l a h u n t u k s e h a r i C M a t i u s 6~34).

Kupersembahkan u n t u k :

Kemul i a a n Tuhan, mama, p a p a , Man, Len, D n e _{d a n}

(2)

PENGALENGAN JAMUR MUTIARA

(Pleurotus astreatus)

O l e h :

JENDRAWATI

F. 22.0150

1 9 8 9

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

(3)

J e n d r a w a t i . F . 2 2 . 0 1 5 0 . P e n g a l e n g a n j a m u r m u t i a r a

(-

astreatus).

D i _{bawah b i m b i n g a n T i e n} _{R .} _{M u c h t a d i}

d a n N u r i A n d a r w u l a n .

RINGKASAN

J a m u r m u t i a r a (Pleurotus ostre&u.i) m e r u p a k a n s a l a h

s a t u j a m u r y a n g d a p a t d i m a k a n d a n l e b i h d i k e n a l d e n g a n nama

j a m u r tiram. J a m u r i n i m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u j e n i s j a m u r

y a n g b a r u d i b u d i d a y a k a n d i I n d o n e s i a .

J a m u r m u t i a r a s e p e r t i h a l n y a j a m u r l a i n n y a b e r s i f a t

mudah r u s a k s e t e l a h p a n e n d a n a k a n menyebabkan t i d a k d i s u k a i

o l e h k o n s u m e n . U n t u k menyimpan d a n m e m p e r p a n j a n g d a y s awet

p r o d u k j a m u r m u t i a r a t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n u n t u k

m e n g a w e t k a n j a m u r m u t i a r a s e p e r t i p e n g a w e t a n s e g a r ,

p e n y i m p a n a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h , p e n g e r i n g a n beku d a n i r a d i a s i .

S a l a h s a t u cara l a i n n y a a d a l a h d e n g a n p e n g a l e n g a n .

P e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n b e r t u j u a n mempelajari p e n g a r u h

lama p e r e n d a m a n d a n k o n s e n t r a s i s o d i u m m e t a b i s u l f i t d a n

k a l s i u m k l o r i d a , p e n g a r u h s u h u d a n waktu b l a n s i r

,

p e n g a r u h

k o n s e n t r a s i asam s i t r a t d a n k a l s i u m k l o r i d a d a l a m l a r u t a n

b l a n s i r ; d a n p e n g a r u h penambahan asam s i t r a t d a l a m medium.

P e n e l i t i a n u t a m a b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h b a h a n

p e n g a w e t , wadah d a n p r o s e s p e n g a l e n g a n t e r h a d a p n i l a i g i z i

d a n n i l a i o r g a n o l e p t i k j a m u r m u t i a r a s e r t a m e n g h i t u n g w a k t u

s t e r i l i s a s i optimum.

Dari h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n d i d a p a t h a s i l y a n g

(4)

k a l s i u m k l o r i d a s e l a m a 1 j a m d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i m a s i n g -

m a s i n g 0 . 2 % d a n 2 % ; penambahan k a l s i u m k l o r i d a d a n asam

s i t r a t d a l a m l a r u t a n b l a n s i r s e b a n y a k m a s i n g - m a s i n g 2% d a n

0 . 2 % ; s u h u d a n w a k t u b l s n s i r m a s i n g - m a s i n g 100°C d a n 8

m e n i t ; s e r t a penambahan asam s i t r a t s e b a n y a k 0 . 1 % d a l a m

l a r u t a n medium.

P e r e n d a m a n d a l a m n a t r i u m m e t a b i s u l f i t a k a n menyebabkan

k e n a i k a n secara s a n g a t n y a t a d e r a j a t p u t i h d a n n i l a i

k e s u k a a n secara o r g a n o l e p t i k ( w a r n a d a n a r o m a ) s e r t a

m e n y e b a b k a n k e n a i k a n secara n y a t a n i l a i k e k e r a s a n , namun

m e n y e b a b k a n p e n u r u n a n secara s a n g a t n y a t a t o t a l p a d a t a n

t e r l a r u t d a n t o t a l m i k r o b a .

S e l a m a p e n y i m p a n a n , j a m u r m u t i a r a y a n g d i k e m a s d a l a m

w a d a h k a l e n g mempunyai pH y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i d i b a n d i n g k a n

j a m u r m u t i a r a y a n g d i k e m a s d e n g a n wadah b o t o l j a r .

P e n y i m p a n a n a k a n menyebabkan p e n u r u n a n d e r a j a t p u t i h ,

k a d a r a i r , k a d a r p r o t e i n , n i l a i o r g a n o l e p t i k ( w a r n a d a n

a r o m a ) s e c a r a s a n g a t n y a t a , m e n u r u n k a n n i l a i k e k e r a s a n

d a n n i l a i o r g a n o l e p t i k ( t e k s t u r d a n r a s a ) s e c a r a n y a t a s e r t a

m e n a i k k a n pH, t o t a l p a d a t a n t e r l a r u t d a n k a d a r a b u s e c a r a

s a n g a t n y a t a .

P e n y i m p a n a n p r o d u k p a d a s u h u 5 0 ' ~ selama 2 minggu

t e r n y a t a t i d a k menyebabkan k e r u s a k a n p a d a p r o d u k y a n g

m e n d a p a t p e r l a k u a n p e r e n d a m a n d a l a m n a t r i u m m e t a b i s u l f i t d a n

m a s i h d a p a t d i k o n s u m s i . S e d a n g k a n p r o d u k y a n g t i d a k

m e n d a p a t p e r l a k u a n p e r e n d a m a n d a l a m n a t r i u m m e t a b i s u l f i t

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d a n t o t a l m i k r o b a .

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PENGALENGAN J A H U R MUTIARA (-

astreatus)

O l e h

J e n d r a w a t i

F . 22.0150

SKRIPSI

s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN G I Z I

p a d a F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

1989

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

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PENGALENGAN JAMUR MUTIARA ( P l e u r o t u s ostre-)

SKRIPSI

s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u syarat u n t u k memperoleh g e l a r

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n Bogor

O l e h

J e n d r a w a t i

F . 2 2 . 0 1 5 0

D i l a h i r k a n p a d a t a n g g a l 2 0 Mei 1 9 6 6

d i P e k a l o n g a n

T a n g g a l l u l u s : 10 _{November 1 9 8 9}

B 0

I r . N u r i A n d a r w u l a n I r . T i e n R . M u c h t a d i , MS

---

...

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KATA PENGANTAR

P u ~ i d a n s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n lie h a d i r a t T u h a n y a n g

t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n r a h m a t d a n a n u g e r a h N y a s e h i n g g a s k r i p s i i n i

d a p a t t e r s u s u n .

S k r i p s i i n i d i s u s u n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k

m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r s a r j a n a T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n p a d a j u r u s a n

T e k n o l o g i P a n g a n d a n

G i z i ,

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

S k r i p s i i n i m e r u p a k a n h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n selama 4 b u l a n

d i L a b o r a t o r i u m P u s a t P e n g e m b a n g a n T e k n o l o g i P a n g a n ,

L a b o r a t o r i u m B a n g s a l P e r c o n t o h a n P e n g o l a h a n Hasil P e r t a n i a n

(AP4) d a n L a b o r a t o r i u m T e k n o l o g i P a n g a n d a n G i z i , I n s t i t u t

P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s mengucapkan b a n y a k t e r i m a

k a s i h k e p a d a :

1. I b u I r . T i e n R . M u c h t a d i s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g p e r t a m a

y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n selama p e n e l i t i a n s a m p a i

t e r s u s u n n y a s k r i p s i i n i

2 . I b u I r . N u r i A n d a r w u l a n s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g k e d u a

y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n s e l a m a p e n e l i t i a n s a m p a i

3 . _{I r .}_{S u b a r n a , y a n g t e l a h t u r u t m e n g u j i s k r i p s i i n i}

4 . B a p a k J o h a n e s y a n g t e l a h memberikan b a n t u a n b e r u p a

p e n y e d i a a n b a h a n b a k u

5 . _Mama, _{p a p a d a n} _{a d i k y a n g memberikan} _{d o r o n g a n m o r i l}

s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a l k a n s k r i p s i i n i

(9)

d o r o n g a n selama p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i .

P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i bahwa t u l i s a n i n i j a u h . d a r i s e m p u r n a

k a r e n a i t u p e n u l i s m e n g h a r a p k a n k r i t i k d a n s a r a n y a n g

membangun.

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DAFTAR IS1

KATA PENGANTAR

. . .

D A F T A R GAMBAR

. . .

D A F T A R T A B E L

. . .

D A F T A R LAMPIRAN

. . .

I

.

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

I1

.

T I N J A U A N PUSTAKA

...

A

.

JAMUR MUTIARA

...

B

.

K O M P O S I S I JAMUR M U T I A R A

...

C

.

PENGAWETAN DAN P O T E N S I J A M U R MUTIARA

. . .

D

.

P R O S E S PENGALENGAN

. . .

E

.

K A L S I U M K L O R I D A

...

F

.

S O D I U M N E T A B I S U L F I T

...

G

.

ASAM S I T R A T

...

H

.

WADAH

. . .

I . P E N E T R A S I PANAS

. . .

J

.

PENGUKURAN WAKTU S T E R I L I S A S I

. . .

I11

.

BAHAN DAN METODE

...

A

.

BAHAN

. . .

B

.

ALAT

. . .

C

.

METODE P E N E L I T I A N

. . .

D

.

PERLAKUAN

. . .

E

.

PENGAMATAN

. . .

F

.

RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

. . .

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S e p e r t i t i n g g r n y a l a n g i t d a r i bumi

d e m i k i a n l a h t i n g g i n y a i a l a n K ~ ( d a r i jalanmu

d a n r a n c a n g a n K ~ i d a r i rancanganmu f Y e s a y a 53-91. S e b a b i t u i a n g a n l a h kamu k u a t i r a k a n h a r i e s o k , k a r e n a h a r i e s o i : mempunyai kesrcsahannya e n d i r i .

k:esosahan s e h a r i c u k ~ i p l a h u n t u k s e h a r i C M a t i u s 6~34).

Kupersembahkan u n t u k :

Kemul i a a n Tuhan, mama, p a p a , Man, Len, D n e _{d a n}

(161)

PENGALENGAN JAMUR MUTIARA

(Pleurotus astreatus)

O l e h :

JENDRAWATI

F. 22.0150

1 9 8 9

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

(162)