ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION
METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING HAZY SATELLITE
IMAGERIES
UMARA FIRMAN RIZI DIANSYAH
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR
STATEMENT
I, Umara Firman Rizi Diansyah hereby declare that this thesis entitled :
Assessment Of Atmospheric Correction Methods For Optimizing Hazy Satellite Imageries
Is a result of my own work under the supervision of advisory board during the period of December 2013 until December 2014 and that it has not been published ever. The content of this thesis has been examined by the advisory board and external examiner
Bogor, December 2014
RINGKASAN
UMARA FIRMAN RIZI DIANSYAH. “Penilaian Metode Atmospheric Correction Untuk Optimasi Citra Satelit Berkabut. Dibawah bimbingan oleh MUHAMMAD BUCE SALEH and ANTONIUS BAMBANG WIJANARTO.
Efek atmosfer yang mencemari citra satelit dapat dihilangkan dengan mendapatkan nilai reflektansi permukaan pada citra penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan koreksi atmosfer. Proses ini berguna untuk meningkatkan akurasi klasifikasi citra sehingga data yang diperoleh dapat dibandingkan dan diatur dalam sejumlah solusi pendekatan untuk pemantauan lingkungan, manajemen sumber daya, evaluasi dampak aplikasi deteksi bencana dan perubahan. Koreksi atmosfer memiliki berbagai kategori yang berasal dari pantulan fisik tanah yang meninggalkan cahaya termasuk permukaan dan tanah reflektansi dan suhu, dan koreksi relatif atmosfer. Salah satu kategori adalah penghapusan kabut atmosfer dan tutupan awan.
Hasil proses koreksi atmosfer sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan citra satelit berkabut berkenaan dengan permukaan objek untuk mendeteksi perubahan tutupan lahan dan penggunaan lahan. Dengan mempertimbangkan perbedaan dalam proses pembentukan kabut penelitian ini difokuskan pada masing-masing jenis citra satelit dari dua jenis zona yang dipilih, pertama kecamatan Balaraja yang dapat mewakili daerah pedesaan dan kecamatan Penjaringan yang mewakili daerah perkotaan.
Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kesesuaian tiga jenis metode koreksi haze terhadap kejelasan obyek permukaan di wilayah tutupan vegetasi dan non vegetasi, berkenaan dengan mengurangi atau menghilangkan kabut di suatu wilayah dalam sebuah citra satelit optik yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu, untuk memperoleh hasil dari penghapusan kabut dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode yaitu Dark Object Substraction (DOS), Histogram Match (HM) dan Virtual Cloud Point (VCP).
perkotaan dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan metode DOS. Untuk citra Landsat7 di daerah pedesaan, metode DOS memiliki hasil yang baik pada band 1 dan 2, Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk Landsat7 di daerah pedesaan dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan metode DOS dan VCP. Untuk citra Landsat7 di daerah perkotaan, metode DOS memiliki hasil yang baik pada band 1 dan 2, sedangkan metode VCP memiliki hasil yang baik pada band 3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk citra Landsat7 di daerah perkotaan dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan metode DOS. Semakin baik hasil citra terkoreksi, semakin kecil nilai optimasi kabut.
Proses koreksi atmosfer pada penelitian ini dibagi dalam dua jenis citra Avnir2 dan Landsat7. Alasan digunakannya citra optik tersebut berdasarkan pada hipotesis bahwa penggunaan tiga metode memberikan hasil yang sama bila diterapkan pada citra yang memiliki rentang band yang berbeda. Berdasarkan interpretasi visual dari perbandingan tiga metode DOS dan VCP didapatkan hasil lebih baik di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan ditunjukkan dengan melihat kejelasan kerapatan vegetasi di daerah pedesaan, kontur, warna dan objek-objek lain di daerah perkotaan dan hubungan signifikan antara citra terkoreksi dengan citra non-kabut pada Avnir2, begitu pula dengan citra terkoreksi dengan citra non-kabut pada Landsat7. Berdasarkan interpretasi visual, korelasi dan uji Z disemua kategori dihasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Berdasarkan Tabel 12 untuk citra Avnir2 di wilayah rural dapat dikoreksi menggunakan metode DOS danVCP, tetapi di wilayah urban lebih baik diterapkan metode DOS. Untuk citra Landsat7 di wilayah rural dapat dikoreksi menggunakan metode DOS dan VCP, tetapi di wilayah urban lebih baik diterapkan metode DOS.
Kata kunci : Avnir dan Landsat7, daerah non vegetasi urban, daerah vegetasi rural, efek atmosfer, eliminasi haze.
SUMMARY
UMARA FIRMAN RIZI DIANSYAH. “Assessment Of Atmospheric Correction Methods For Optimizing Hazy Satellite Imageries. Under the supervision of MUHAMMAD BUCE SALEH and ANTONIUS BAMBANG WIJANARTO.
Atmospheric effects that contaminate satellite imagery can be eliminated by obtaining the value of surface reflectance on remote sensing imagery using atmospheric correction. This process is useful to improve the accuracy of image classification so that the data obtained can be compared and arranged in a number of solution approaches for environmental monitoring, resource management, evaluation of the effects of disaster and change detection applications. Atmospheric correction has a variety of categories derived from physical reflectance of the true ground leaving radiance including surface and ground reflectance and temperature, and relative atmospheric correction. One of the categories is the elimination of atmospheric haze and cloud masking.
The results of atmospheric correction process is very important to optimize the hazy satellite imagery with respect to the object surface to detect changes in land cover and land use. Taking into account the differences in the process of formation of haze this study focused on each type of satellite images of the two types of zones are selected, the first sub-district Balaraja which can represent rural areas and sub-district Penjaringan representing urban areas.
The intent of this study was to test the suitability of three types of haze correction method to clear the surface of the object in the area of vegetation and non-vegetation cover, with regard to reducing or eliminating the haze in the region in an optical satellite imagery that has certain characteristics, to gain from the elimination of haze in this study using three methods: Dark Object Substraction (DOS), Histogram Match (HM) and Virtual Cloud Point (VCP).
using DOS and VCP. For Landsat7 image in urban areas, the DOS method has good results in bands 1 and 2, while the VCP method has good results in band 3. It can be concluded that for the image Landsat7 in urban areas can be corrected by using DOS. The better results corrected image, the smaller the value of optimization haze
Atmospheric correction process is divided into two kinds of images Landsat7 and Avnir2 . Reason uses the optical image is based on the hypothesis that the use of three methods gave similar results when applied to images that have a range of different bands. Based on visual interpretation of the comparison of three methods of DOS and VCP obtained better results in rural and urban areas indicated by viewing clarity vegetation density in rural areas, contours, colors and other objects in urban areas and significant relationship between the corrected image with the image of a non haze on Avnir2, as well as the corrected image with the image of a non-haze on Landsat7. Based on visual interpretation, correlation and Z test in all categories produced a significant difference. According to Table 12 for the image Avnir2 in rural areas can be corrected using the DOS danVCP, but in the urban area is better applied methods DOS. For Landsat7 image in rural areas can be corrected using DOS and VCP, but in the urban area is better applied methods DOS.
Copyright @ 2014, Bogor Agricultural University
Copyright are protected by law
It is prohibited to cite all or part of this thesis without referring to and mentioning the source; Citation only permitted for the sake of education, research, scientific writing, report writing, critical writing, or reviewing scientific problems. Citation does not inflict the name and honor of Bogor Agricultural University.
A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Information Technology for Natural Resources
Management Program Study
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR
2014
UMARA FIRMAN RIZI DIANSYAH
ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION
METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING HAZY SATELLITE
Research Title : Assessment Of Atmospheric Correction Methods For Optimizing Hazy Satellite Imageries
Name : Umara Firman Rizi Diansyah Student ID : G051120041
Approved by, Advisory Board
Dr Muhammad Buce Saleh Supervisor
Dr Antonius Bambang Wijanarto Co-Supervisor
Endorsed by,
Program Coordinator
Dr Ir Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo, DEA
Dean of the Graduate School
Dr Ir Dahrul Syah, MScAgr
Date of examination: December 30, 2014
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah Azza Wajalla, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this thesis, I would like to express my highly appreciation to the following:
1. Dr Muhammad Buce Saleh, as my supervisor for his supervision support. His invaluable help in the forms of constructive comments and suggestions throughout the experimental and thesis works have contributed to the success of this research and Dr Antonius Bambang Wijanarto, as the co-supervisor for his ideas and knowledge regarding this topic during my research.
2. Prof Dr Lilik Budi Prasetyo as the external examiner for his positive inputs and ideas.
3. Dr Ir Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo, DEA, as the program coordinator and all my lecturers for giving knowledge and experience.
4. All my friends at MIT, IPB for their help and support in finishing my assignment and study.
5. MIT secretariate and all of its staff members for helping me to arrange the administration, technical procedures, and facilities.
6. All of my family. Thank you for always supporting me.
Bogor, December 2014
LIST OF CONTENTS
Avnir image in the rural area 11
Visual Interpretation 11
Z Analysis 12
Avnir image in the urban area 13
Visual Interpretation 13
Z Analysis 14
Landsat image in the rural area 14
Visual Interpretation 14
Z Analysis 15
Landsat image in the urban area 17
Visual Interpretation 17
Correlation Analysis 17
Z Analysis 18
Assessment using Haze Optimize Transformation (HOT) 19
4 CONCLUSIONS 20
3 Z values for Avnir in the rural area 12
4 Z values for Avnir in the urban area 14
5 The correlation coefficient between the image of the three correction
method with non-haze image for Landsat7 in rural area 15
6 Z values for Landsat image in the rural area 16
7 Z values for Landsat of non-Haze (NH) in rural area 16 8 The correlation coefficient between the image of the three correction
method with non-haze (NH) image for Landsat in urban areas 17
9 Z values for Landsat image in the urban area 18
10 Z values for Landsat image in the urban area vs non haze (NH) image 18
11 Results of Haze Optimize Transformation Calculation 19 12 Selection haze correction method based on visual criteria, correlation and Z
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Formation of Haze 2
2 Workflow of Atmospheric Correction 3
3 Research Area (Balaraja and Penjaringan subdistrict) 5
4 Procedure of Haze removal 7
5 Structure of Dark Object Substraction (DOS) 8
6 Structure of Virtual Cloud Point (VCP) 9
