Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Computers
Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Identify the types of software Identify the types of software Define the term computer and identify
its components
Define the term computer and identify its components
Explain why a computer is a Explain why a computer is a
Describe the categories of computers Describe the categories of computers Explain why a computer is a
powerful tool
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a network Recognize the purpose of a network
Determine how the elements of an information system interact Determine how the elements of an
information system interact Recognize the purpose of a network
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Identify the types of computer users Identify the types of
computer users
World Wide Web World Wide Web
Distinguish between installing and running a program
Distinguish between installing and running a program
Discuss various computer applications in society Discuss various computer
applications in society
A World of Computers
What is
computer literacy
?
¾ Knowledge and understanding g g
of computers and their uses
¾ Computers are everywhere
What Is a Computer?
How is a
computer
defined?
¾ Electronic device operating under the control of p g
instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into
information information
Data that is organi ed Accepts datadata
Raw facts, figures, and
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful , g ,
symbols
Produces and stores results
What Is a Computer?
What is the
information
processing cycle
?
¾ Inputp
¾ Process
¾ Output
S
¾ Storage
¾ Communication
The Components of a Computer
What is an
input device
?
¾ Hardware usedto enter data
and instructions
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 7 Fig. 1-3
from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1
The Components of a Computer
What is an
output device
?
¾ Hardware that
conveys
information tto a user
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next
The Components of a Computer
What is the
system unit
?
¾ Box-like case
containing electronic components components
used to process data
The System Unit
What are common components inside the system unit?
power supply drive bays
P
¾ Memory
¾ Adapter cards
processor
¾ Processor
dapte ca ds
Sound card
Modem card
ports
memory
Video card
Network card
¾ Ports
sound card
¾ Ports
¾ Drive bays
¾ Power supply video card
modem card network card
p. 181 Fig. 4-2 Next
The System Unit
What is the
motherboard
?
¾ Main circuit
processor chip adapter cards
board in system unit
C t i d t
¾ Contains adapter
cards, processor chips, and
memory chips
c ps, d
memory chips
¾ Also called
memory slots
system board
memory slotsmotherboard Expansion
slots for adapter cards
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web Link
p. 182 Fig. 4-3 Next
p ,
from left navigation, then click Clock Motherboards
The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Memory Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
Processor
P P
What is the
central processing unit (CPU)
?
¾ Interprets and carries ProcessorProcessor
Control Control Unit Unit Arithmetic Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Logic Unit (ALU)
¾ Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer
Control Control
Unit Unit
Control unit directs and
Instructions Instructions Data Data Information Information
Control unit directs and
coordinates operations in computer
Arithmetic logic unit
Input Input Devices Devices Output Output Devices Devices Memory Memory Data
Data InformationInformation
Arithmetic logic unit
(ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and logical operations
Instructions Instructions Data Data Information Information and logical operations
¾ Also called the processor
p. 183 Fig. 4-5 Next
Processor
What is a
machine cycle
?
¾ Four operations of the CPU comprise a machine cycle
Step 1. Fetch
Obtain program instruction or data item from memory
p p y
Memory
Step 2
Processor
Step 2.
Decode
Translate instruction into commands
Step 4. Store
Write result to memory
Processor
Control Unit ALU
commands
Step 3. Execute
Carry out command
The Components of a Computer
What is
storage
?
¾ Holds data, instructions, and information
St di
St di
St di
St di
, ,
for future use
Storage media Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage media Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device Storage device
d d i i d f
Storage device Storage device
d d i i d f
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
The Components of a Computer
What is
storage media
?
Digital cameras
Digital cameras
P
t bl
thi
P
t bl
thi
Portable, thin
memory cards
used in:
Portable, thin
memory cards
used in:
Handheld computers
Handheld computers
used in:
used in:
The Components of a Computer
What is a floppy disk?
¾ Thin, circular, , ,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid plastic shell
plastic shell
¾ A USB flash drive is
portable, and has
p ,
much greater storage capacity
The Components of a Computer
What is a flash drive?
¾ Provides much
greater storage capacity than a flopp disk or floppy disk or
Zip® disk
¾ Small and
lightweight enough to be transported
k h i
on a keychain or in a pocket
The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
¾ Provides much
greater storage capacity than a flopp disk or floppy disk or USB flash drive
¾ Housed inside the
system unit
The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
¾ Flat, round, portable metal disc, , p
CD-ROM CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD+RW
Why Is a Computer So Powerful?
What makes a computer powerful?
Reliability Storage
y and
Consistency
Speed
Accuracy Communications
Networks and the Internet
What is a
network
?
¾ Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications Communications
p g
S t llit
Communications Media Communications Media Communications Device Communications Device Enables a connection between t Enables a connection between t Cables Cellular radio Telephone lines Satellites
One type is a modem computers
computers es ad o
Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?
To share To share Resources Resources Hardware devices Hardware devices S ft S ft Software programs Software programs Data
Data To save
time To save time and money and money Information Information
Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
¾ Manages the g
resources on a network
¾ A li t
¾ A client accesses
the resources on the server
Networks and the Internet
What is the
Internet
?
¾ Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 11 Fig. 1-9 Next
Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6 E t t i t
6. Entertainment
Networks and the Internet
What is the
Web
?
¾ Billions of documents, called Web pagesp g , available to
anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
A Web site is a collection of related Web pagesp gp g
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to th W b
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to th W b
You can share information by You can share information by other Web pages
other Web pages information by creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo community information by creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo community
p. 13
a photo community a photo community
Application Software
What is
application software
?
¾ Programs that perform specific tasks for usersg p p
Application Software
How is software distributed?
¾ Packaged softwareg¾ Custom software
¾ Shareware, distributed
f f t i l i d
free for trial period
¾ Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no software provided at no cost
¾ Public-domain software, freeware with no
copyright restrictions
Learning Aids and Support Tools Within an Application
How can I learn more about a software package?
¾ Books
¾ Web
¾ School
Computer Software
How do you install a
software
program?
¾ A programp g is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next
p , from left navigation,
Computer Software
What is a
graphical user interface (GUI)
?
¾ Allows you to y
interact with the software using
graphics and icons graphics and icons
¾ Controls how you
enter data and how the screen displays information
Computer Software
What is
system software
?
¾ Programs that control the operations of the computer g p p
and its devices
Operating System (OS) Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs that coordinates all
Operating System (OS) Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs that coordinates all that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows that coordinates all activities among computer hardware
devices and allows Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to
f i t t t k
Utility Programs
Utility Programs allow the user to
f i t t t k
users to run
application software users to run
application software
perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Application Software
What is
system software
?
¾ Programs that control g
the operations of the computer
¾ S th i t f
¾ Serves as the interface
between the user, the
application software, pp ,
and the computer’s hardware
Click to view video
Computer Software
What is
application software
?
¾ Programs that perform g p
specific tasks for users
Presentation Spreadsheet
D t b Word Processing
Graphics Database
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 16 Fig. 1-15 Next
p , from left navigation,
Business Software
What is
business software
?
¾ Software that assists
people in becoming more effective and efficient
Click to view Web Link,
li k Ch 3 Cli k W b Li k
p. 136 Fig. 3-5 Next
Computer Software
What is a programmer?
¾ Someone who develops
Javascript program
application or system software
Programmer writes
Programmer writes instructions to
direct computer to process data into p
information
Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal computers (desktop)
bil
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Midrange servers
M i f
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
p. 18 Next
Servers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large
Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-25–1-27
calculations
Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
¾ Peoplep
¾ Procedures ¾ Data
¾ Software ¾ Software ¾ Hardware
The Program Development Cycle
What is the
program development cycle
?
¾ Steps programmers use to build computer programsp p g p p g
Programming team—Group of programmers p g
working on program
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the four categories of users?
Executive management Executive management
i i i
strategic decisions
Middle management Middle management
t ti l d i i
Operational management Operational managementtactical decisions Operational management Operational management
operational decisions
Nonmanagement employees Nonmanagement employees
on-the-job decisions
Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a
home user
?
Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a
small
office/home office
(SOHO) user?
¾ Local area
network (LAN) ¾ P d ti it
¾ Productivity software
¾ Specialty software ¾ Web usage ¾ E-mail
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for
a
mobile user
?
¾ Hardware
¾ Software ¾ Software
Productivity Presentation Personal Personal
information manager
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the
large business user
?
P bli ki k Public kiosk
Web access
Telecommuting Network
Productivity software Scheduling
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
p. 30 Figs. 1-37–1-40 Next
p , from left navigation,
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a
power user
?
¾ Speed and large amounts of storagep g g ¾ Types of power users
Engineers A hit t
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artistsp
Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
p
pp
in society?
¾ Education
¾ Fi
¾ Finance
¾ Government
¾ Healthcare
¾ Science
¾ Publishing
¾ Travel
¾ Industry
p. 33 Figs. 1-42–1-49 Next
Summary of Introduction to Computers
The importance of computer literacy The importance of computer literacy
Types of software Types of software The computer and its components
The computer and its components
Why is a computer so powerful? Why is a computer so powerful?
yp yp
Categories of computers Categories of computers Why is a computer so powerful?
Why is a computer so powerful?
What is a network? What is a network?
Elements of an information system Elements of an information system
The Internet and the World Wide Web The Internet and the
World Wide Web
Types of computer users Types of computer users
Computer applications in society Computer applications in society Installing and running a program
Installing and running a program
Computer applications in society Computer applications in society
