DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS
FOR THE 10
THGRADE STUDENTS OF HEALTH ANALYST
MAJOR AT SMK DHARMA ANALITIKA MEDAN
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
ANNI MARHAMAH
Registration Number : 2122121006
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ABSTRACT
Marhamah, Anni. 2122121006. Developing English Reading Materials for the 10th grade students of Health Analyst Major at SMK Dharma Analitika Medan. A Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016
This study aimed to develop English reading materials for the 10th grade Health Analyst Students at SMK Dharma Analitika Medan. This research was conducted by using six phases of Research and Developmental (R & D) adapted from Borg and Gall. Data of this research were the 10th grade health analyst students’ need analysis and the existing English reading materials. The data of this research were collected by questionnaires and interview. The products of the developed reading materials were nine descriptive texts, six texts described objects about hematology and laboratory tools and three texts described persons about health figures. The products had been validated by an English subject teacher and an English lecturer as the Experts. The averages score are 4,75 (very good/relevant) from English subject teacher and 3,96 (good/relevant) from English lecturer.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praise be Allah SWT, the Almighty and the Most Beneficial for His Blessing, Grace, Guidance, and Mercy that have been given to the writer so that this Thesis could be completed. This Thesis had been written in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd.) at English and Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, The State University of Medan.
In the process of accomplishing this Thesis, she had encountered a lot of difficulties since the beginning to the end; many people had shown their care, generous guidance and assistance, and helped her in finishing this thesis. Therefore, the writer would like to express her deep gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., Rector of State University of Medan. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts
and Vice Dean I, II, and III and all administrative staffs.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., The Head of English and Literature Department and also as her Thesis Adviser and Academic Supervisor. Dra. Meisuri, M.A., Secretary of English and Literature Department and
also as the The Reviewers and the Thesis Examiners.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., Head of English Education Study Program
Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum. Head of English Literature Study Program and as the Thesis Examiners.
Rika, S.Pd., M.Hum., her Thesis Adviser. She would like to acknowledge her with gratitude the time and effort extended on the thesis , for her understanding, efforts and willingness to share her valuable time especially for comments, advice, corrections, and suggestions.
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., her Reviewers. Thanks for the valuable input to finish this thesis.
Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed, as the Expert Validator of the writer’s developed material. English and Literature Department who always helped the writer during her academic year.
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headmaster. Intan Maulina, S.Pd., M.S the English teachers and also as the expert validator, for their assistance and guidance during the research. Her special sincere gratitude goes to her wonderful beloved parents (Allah SWT. blesses them), her lovely father, Bahrin (Deceased), and her mother, Hapsoh, for their endless love, mental and financial support, understanding, spirit, motivation, and the main part, prayers, during the writer’s whole life. Her brother, Rasyid Ridho and her sister Latifah Ainy for their support, caring, and attention. And also all of her family for giving the inspiration and their great motivation for the writer in finishing her study.
Her thankfulness is also directed to her great motivators, Mr. Mulayandri Her thankfulness is also directed to her seniors in Students’ Council of English and Literature Department (HMJ BSI Unimed), Isma Eriyanty S.Pd., Diah Khoirunnisa Hrp, S.Pd., RA Wulaningtyas Kulowani, S.Pd., Swidanty Annisa, S.S., Muhammad Yusuf, S.Pd., for their guidance, spirit, and motivation in the organization and campus daily life. She thanks you all so much. Her gratitude to her amazing friends in her amazing internal organization, HMJ, Tita, bg Syaiful, Sidik, Dedi, arif, imam and also her dear brothers and Sisters in HMJ BSI Unimed, for their supports and prayers.
All her best friends, Dwi mahartika & Nita Syah Umar (Keluarga Nita), Ayu, Aya, Djuwi, Mega, Sofa, PPL Mates (Via, Amly, Lailan, Mustofa, Mia) thank you so much for every single smile, laugh, tear, help, struggle that we have passed and for sweet and happy memories we shared together.
All her classmates in Regular A 2012 who cannot be mentioned one by one that conquered the lectures and shared knowledge, ideas, and bitter-sweet of campus life together.
The writer realizes that the content of her Thesis is still far from being perfect, but she warmly welcomes any constructive suggestions that will improve the quality of this Thesis. She also hopes it would be useful for those who are interested in this field of study.
Medan, August 2016 The writer,
Anni Marhamah
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B. Data and the Source of Data ... 27
C. The Instrument Data Collection ... 28
D. The Techniques Data Analysis ... 29
E. The Developing Materials ... 29
CHAPTER IV. MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT ... 32
A. Gathering Information and Data ... 32
B. Need Analysis ... 34
1. Need Analysis ... 34
2. Material Evaluation ... 37
C. Designing New Reading Materials ... 42
D. Validating by Experts ... 46
1. English Subject Teacher ... 46
2. English Lecturer ... 47
E. Revising Reading Materials ... 47
1. English Subject Teacher’s Suggestions ... 48
2. English Lecturer’s Suggestions ... 48
F. Revised- Developing Reading Materials (Final Product) ... 50
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 52
A. Conclusion ... 52
B. Suggestions ... 52
REFERENCES ... 53
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LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1. The Students’ Needs of Language Skills. ... 35
Table 4.2. Evaluation of Existing Materials... 41
Table 4.3. English Subject Teacher’s Validation Score. ... 50
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LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A. Interview ... 55
APPENDIX B. Questionnaires ... 59
APPENDIX C. Developing Materials ... 64
APPENDIX D. Revised-Developing Materials ... 66
APPENDIX E. Validating Sheet ... 82
APPENDIX F. Standard and Basic Competence ... 88
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted for
assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan, August 2016
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
English becomes an important subject at schools in Indonesia. Learning
English in Indonesia is different from the other country since English is a foreign
language in Indonesia. This condition affects the students’ ability to learn and
comprehend the language itself. English as a subject taught at school and college
deal with the students’ understanding and use of language (Guth 1973).
Teaching materials are essential things which influence a teaching process
in a classroom. O’Neill (2003) emphasizes that teaching materials help a teaching
and learning process; the teaching materials must be suitable for students’ needs,
even if they are not designed specifically for them, the teaching materials should
make it possible for students to preview and prepare their lessons, and the
teaching materials should allow for adaptation and improvisation.
Every school provides the teaching materials based on the curriculum. All
materials should be related to the curriculum. The curriculum used in vocational
school, especially in SMK Dharma Analitika Medan is School-Based Curriculum
or “Kurikulum Tingkat SatuanPendidikan” (KTSP). The curriculum have main
concern on the improvement of the students‟ competency. This curriculum is
based on the communicative competence at all situations and conditions.
The development of the curriculum is centered on the content standard
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Lulusan” (SKL), and based on the curriculum development procedure which
is provided by National Standard Educational Board (BNSP).
Based on BSNP (2006), English subject in vocational high schools has
two purposes, they are: (1) mastering the basic knowledge and skill of
English to support the expertise program; and (2) applying the mastery of the
ability and skill in English to communicate both in spoken and written on
intermediate level. Both of these purposes under the nature of vocational school
that prepare the students to be ready to work with qualified expertise.
The goal of English subject in the vocational high school is to
communicate by using intermediate level English. To reach the goal, students
in vocational high school must pass the standard competencies provided in the
curriculum. It aims to develop students abilities in communicating with English
both spoken and written based on level novice, elementary and intermediate in
real life communication. The students in vocational school can use English in
communicating and comprehend the language, especially in reading skill that can
also affects the others skill of learning English.
There are four skills in learning English. They are writing, reading,
listening, and speaking. Its skill has different meaning but has the same purpose,
which is increasing the creativity of language. They are needed by the students as
the good skill in improving their knowledge in English, especially reading.
Reading is the construction of meaning. Readers interact with the text.
Reading text may provide opportunities for students to study the target language
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about the reading text. Readers understand what they read only as it relates to
what they already know. A reader’s background knowledge can influence reading
comprehension. It means that the appropriate topics or materials of reading will
help students to comprehend the reading.
Reading is one of the important skills to be learned in learning English.
But, most of the students do not like to learn reading text. Because they thought
English is difficult, uninteresting and unnecessary in their daily life because the
vocabularies of the texts are not relevant with their major. The English reading
materials are too general for some students and not related to their life so they
don’t want to learn it. They thought that it is not beneficial for them.
The English textbook that used at every vocational school was totally
similar with all major in vocational school. So, even the major was different the
students still use the same English textbook. Most of reading materials at
Vocational schools were not relevant to their major and did not support the
expertise program. In line with the phenomena, Suprabawati (2009) and
Widyantari (2009) in their studies found that students’ course book which were
used at school where the research was conducted, in terms of content validity,
those course books and LKS presented less contextual and authentic activities and
material or beyond the curriculum. The contents were not closely related to their
major.
Meliawati (2014) and Nitiasih (2014) also found the same cases about
reading materials in their studies. It was found that the English materials used to
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materials dealt with general topics in English. The students did not learn English
based on their needs and the materials did not support their English based on their
expertise program.
It happened on the vocational school, especially for Health
Analyststudents atSMK Dharma Analitika Medan. They had different materials
from the general school since their learning was related to the health. In fact, even
they used the different textbook with the general school, vocational textbook but
the materials of the textbook was quiet same with general schools.It consisted of
general materials specially for reading materials and different topics with their
own major. The health analyst students learned reading materials about describing
people, criminal, furniture, goods, jewelry, etc. There was gap between the
materials with their major and prior knowledge.
Based on the researcher’s observation at SMK Dharma Analitika Medan,
the materials delivered and used in this school did notimprove the students
reading skill effectively and did not help the students much in the future work. In
fact, students who took health analyst major were taught by using teaching
materials that unrelated to the health analyst. Moreover, learners’ difficulties in
comprehending the English Reading Materials affected their achievement in
English subject.
Teachers have to consider and provide the appropriate English reading
materials based on the materials and the student’s needs because every school and
every major has different need in learning and provide material since the SMK
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specific purposes which have different learning topics. They have to learn English
which is related to their major, they have to use the materials which consist of the
health topics as reading material. The materials should be related to the health
since their major is health analyst not in general. So, they can learn effectively.
Based on the problems faced by the teachers and students in teaching and
learning especially reading, the researcher would like to conduct a research by
using Research and Development (R&D) to find the students’ need and their
problem in learning English, especially reading and develop new reading
materials based on the students’ needs to help them in comprehending the reading
materials and improve their reading skill that benefit for them in the future work.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem was formulated as:
“How to develop English Reading Materials which is suitable to the students’
needs and majorof SMK Dharma Analitika Medan?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study was: “To develop appropriate English reading
materials based on students’ needs and major of SMK Dharma Analitika Medan”.
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study was developing English reading materials based on
the students’ needs and major of SMK Dharma Analitika Medan. It was applied in
the 10th grade students of Health Analyst Major. And the skill concerned on the
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E. The Significances of the Study
Findings of this study were expected to provide beneficial information
theoretically and practically for the students and English teachers.
Theoretically, the findings of the study became the source of reference for
English teachers especially in vocational high school to develop the materials.
Meanwhile, practically, the findings of the study, which was the developed
material,would be used by the English teachers to teach the students to enlarged
the students’ English competency and reading skill by using the appropriate
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion
The development of English reading materials for the Health Analyst
students of SMK Dharma Analitika Medan by using six phases of Research and
Developmental (R & D) adapted from Borg and Gall produced nine descriptive
texts. Six texts described objects; they were three texts about Hematology and
three texts about laboratory tools. Three texts described person, they were the
health figures. The texts wereBlood, Red Blood Cells, Plasma Membrane,
Erlenmeyer Flask, Burette, Graduated Cylinder, Dr. M. Sardjito, Adolf Meyer and
IbnuSina. The products had been validated by an English subject teacher and an
English lecturer as the Experts. The averages score are 4,75 (very good/relevant)
from English subject teacher and 3,96 (good/relevant) from English lecturer.
B. Suggestions
Teachers use this study as the source of reference to develop materials and
use the developed materials as the reference to teach the students. Teachers should
consider the students need in learning process and develop the materials based on
the student needs and major in order to make the students can understand the
materials well andimprove their reading skill, so they can apply it in their daily
lifeand work field later, because the materials are familiar for them and motivate
the students in learning process.
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