An Analysis Of Clauses Applied In Online Newspaper Named "THE TELEGRAPH"

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AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

A THESIS

BY

ILHAM SYAH

REG. NO. 100721015

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

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AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

A THESIS BY

ILHAM SYAH REG. NO. 100721015

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVOSIR

Dr. Hj. DELIANA, M.Hum Drs. BAHAGIA TARIGAN, MA.

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The

Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head,

Secretary

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Accepted by the board of examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on ………..

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

Dr. H. SYAHRON LUBIS, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

__________________ ______________

___________________ ______________

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I ILHAM SYAH DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIELD FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ILHAM SYAH

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES APPLIED IN

ONLINE NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE

TELEGRAPH"

QUALIFICATION : S – 1 / SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to say great of thanks “Alhamdulillah” to the Almighty God;

Allah SWT that has blesses me to arrange this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to our

Prophet Muhammad SAW who has fought to change human life from the world of

sinners to the world of love and kindness. It is his syafaat that helps us at the time

when money, sons, daughters, or even parents are no use.

I would like to thank to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA as the dean of faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. Also, I like to thank Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as the head of Department of English, the secretary of Department of English Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. I want to say thanks also to my supervisor Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum and my co-supervisor Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA in arranging this thesis. I would never be able to pay back their patience and caring.

Many thanks also to every lecturer and staff for academic contributions they have

given to me since the first day I arrived in this college.

For my father; Darwin, and my mother; Aslam, I would like to thank them very greatly. Thank you for your love, your support, your kindness, and thank you

for everything you have done for me. I do wish to be able to make you happy and

proud of me. In addition, I am very grateful to all of my sisters: Asnidar, Serianni,

Marni Syah, Ramlah, Yuli, Nisa, and the one and only my brother Midi for their

motivations. A lot of thanks I also say for Yayasan Pendidikan Shafiyyatul

Amaliyyah especially Elementary School Department: Mr. Azhar Fauzi (principle),

Mr. Ikmal, Mr. Edi, Mr. Yuslihan, Mr. Mahmud, and Mrs. Yulis and Mrs. Nur for

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I would also like to thank all my friends: Elin, Friska, Prita, Mail, Melati,

Ratna Andre, Ansor, Budi, and others friends whom I could not say one by one.

Finally, I would like to acknowledge everyone who has given me useful suggestions

and contributions.

The Writer,

Ilham Syah 100721015

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ABSTRACT

Klausa merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari struktur kalimat. Dari gabungan beberapa klausa akan terbentuk berbagai jenis kalimat. Sebuah klausa harus memiliki sabjek dan predikat. Dan Klausa itu terbagi kepada dua jenis; klausa bebas dan klausa terikat. Klausa bebas adalah klausa yang bisa berdiri sendiri, artinya maksud dari klausa tersebut dapat dipahami dengan baik. Sedangkan klausa terikat adalah klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, klausa ini harus selalu disertakan dengan klausa bebas agar bisa dipahami dengan baik. Klausa terikat itu sendiri ada tiga jenis;

Noun clause, Adjective clause, dan Adverb clause. Dan ketiga klausa ini merupakan topik utama dari skripsi ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mencari jenis klausa terikat, jumlah klausa, serta klausa yang paling dominan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Noun clause adalah klausa terikat yang berbentuk kata benda sehingga bisa berfungsi sebagai sabjek, objek, dan sebagainya. Adjective

clause adalah klausa yang berbentuk kata sifat sehingga fungsinya adalah

menjelaskan kata benda atau kata ganti orang. Dan adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang memberikan keterangan lebih tentang kata kerja dari klausa bebas. Setelah dianalisa dan diteliti, penulis sampai kepada kesimpulan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa ketiga klausa ini ditemukan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Ada 160 klausa terikat yang ditemukan; 57 merupakan jenis klausa

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page ... i

Supervisor’s Approval Sheet ... ii

Department’s Approval Sheet ... iii

Board of Examiners’ Approval ... iv

Author’s Declaration ... v

Copyright Declaration ... vi

Acknowledgement ... vii

Abstract ... ix

Table of Contents ... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Problems of Study ... 4

1.3 Purpose of Study ... 4

1.4 Scope of Study ... 4

1.5 Significance of Study ... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6

2.1 Description of Clause ... 6

2.2 Types of Dependent Clause ... 7

2.2.1 Noun Clause ... 7

2.2.2 Adjective Clause ... 10

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2.3 Online Newspaper ... 13

2.3.1 The Telegraph ... 14

CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY ... 17

3.1 Method of Collecting the Data ... 17

3.2 Method of Analyzing the Data ... 18

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 19

4.1 Analysis ... 19

4.2 Finding ... 45

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 50

5.1 Conclusion ... 50

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ABSTRACT

Klausa merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari struktur kalimat. Dari gabungan beberapa klausa akan terbentuk berbagai jenis kalimat. Sebuah klausa harus memiliki sabjek dan predikat. Dan Klausa itu terbagi kepada dua jenis; klausa bebas dan klausa terikat. Klausa bebas adalah klausa yang bisa berdiri sendiri, artinya maksud dari klausa tersebut dapat dipahami dengan baik. Sedangkan klausa terikat adalah klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, klausa ini harus selalu disertakan dengan klausa bebas agar bisa dipahami dengan baik. Klausa terikat itu sendiri ada tiga jenis;

Noun clause, Adjective clause, dan Adverb clause. Dan ketiga klausa ini merupakan topik utama dari skripsi ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mencari jenis klausa terikat, jumlah klausa, serta klausa yang paling dominan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Noun clause adalah klausa terikat yang berbentuk kata benda sehingga bisa berfungsi sebagai sabjek, objek, dan sebagainya. Adjective

clause adalah klausa yang berbentuk kata sifat sehingga fungsinya adalah

menjelaskan kata benda atau kata ganti orang. Dan adverb clause adalah klausa terikat yang memberikan keterangan lebih tentang kata kerja dari klausa bebas. Setelah dianalisa dan diteliti, penulis sampai kepada kesimpulan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa ketiga klausa ini ditemukan di Telegraph E – Paper tertanggal 12 Februari 2012. Ada 160 klausa terikat yang ditemukan; 57 merupakan jenis klausa

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of Study

Clause is an important part of sentence because sentence is combined from

some clauses. Therefore, understanding the ways to combine clauses into sentence

will be very helpful to write interesting and lively sentences. It means that combining

incorrect clauses can make the message of sentence unclear. Moreover, the ability of

someone in getting the message of sentences in reading a passage will depend on his

understanding to differ the functions of clauses in sentence. So, it is very important

to understand clause because it is the ultimate element that makes it possible for

anyone to write, read, or speak in English clearly and effectively.

The most natural of sentence structure is called clause or simple sentence.

Goran (1976:58) states that a clause is having typically a subject and predicate and

possibly complement to these segments. A period such as "sit down!" would also

consist of a clause although no segment which could be called a subject is present.

While, Langan (2003:100) states that clause is a group of word that has a subject and

a verb and must express a complete thought. By analyzing these two definitions, it

can be concluded that;

a. A clause must have a subject

b. A clause must have a verb

c. A clause must have a complete thought (it has meaning)

McClelland and Marcotte (2003:232) state that there are two types of clause,

namely independent clause and dependent clause. An independent clause is complete

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and dependent clause always started by a conjunction Downing (1995:11). This

means that dependent clause already has a clear meaning and it does not give any

question. On the other hand, dependent clause does not have a clear meaning. That

makes people submit a question to get more information. Compare these two clauses;

a. Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League

semifinal last night. The meaning is clear (Ronaldo did not score the penalty

shoot). So, this is independent clause.

b. When Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League

last night. The meaning is not clear. It raises another question (What happened

when Ronaldo failed to convert the penalty shoot out in the Champions League

last night?) So, this is dependent clause.

Independent clause is also called main clause, dependent clause is called

subordinate clause. These clauses are often applied in compound sentence, complex

sentences, or compound-complex sentence. Compound sentence is a sentence

contains of one or more sentences joined into one by punctuation of semicolon, a

conjunctive adverb, and a coordinate or subordinate conjunction Frank (1972:01)

state that. In a complex sentence, one idea is generally more important than the other

one. The more important idea is placed in the independent clause, and the less

important idea is placed in the dependent clause. It means complex sentence should

consist of at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.

The object of this study is newspaper. Newspaper is media that provides any

information for people everyday. So, it is the most readable printed media compared

to other kinds of printed information such as books or magazines. In the past,

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by the advanced technology newspaper is also provided with online version. This

thesis uses online newspaper as the main object of this study because:

1. Online newspaper is the most read writing that it could influence people

grammatically.

2. It is found that there have been many studies which used printed newspaper as

the object of study.

3. Online newspaper is very easy to access; you can easily access it when you are at

home, lying at your bed, waiting for your bus, or just spending your time.

4. Because it is easy to access, people are more interested to read online newspaper

than printed newspaper now days.

The Telegraph is one of kind of newspaper which has online version. And

The Telegraph of football articles issued on 12th February 2012 are chosen as the

source of data for this thesis because of these reasons;

1. The articles of The Telegraph are very interesting to read because the mixture of

independent clause and dependent clause used are very good.

2. The Telegraph is one of the most well-known newspapers internationally because

of premier league news it provides both in printed or online version.

3. Football is the most popular sport now days, so it is likely that football articles

are the most read articles.

4. It is very often that it quotes the words of interviewees such as managers of club

or football players. The writer often adds the quotation with his words without

putting the correct punctuation. So, if someone does not really understand the use

of clauses, he will be confused to get the meaning of the quotation. For example:

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the inside of both posts just five minutes later."After "they did" should be ended

by period not a coma.

1.2Problems of Study

The problems of study are:

1. What types of clause are found in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February

2012?

2. How many clauses are applied in the Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th February

2012?

3. What is the most dominant clause applied?

1.3Purposes of Study

The purposes of study are:

1. To describe the types of clauses applied in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th

February 2012?

2. To find out the number of clauses applied in Telegraph E-paper issued on 12th

February 2012?

3. To find out the most dominant type of subordinate clause used in Telegraph

E-paper issued on 12th February 2012?

1.4Scope of Study

This paper only discusses about dependent clause applied in every complex

sentence in the football articles taken from Telegraph E-paper of sport section. The

articles were issued on 12th February 2012. There are fourteen articles found in that

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supporters round on Villas-Boas as team fall to fifth, Legend Henry sign off in style,

Dalglish walks alone in defence of his striker, Dalglish’s loyalty to Suarez has

blinded him to the repercussions to club and sport, Holt leads the charge, Wigan

sense salvation, Redknapp’s fairy, a crazy week at Wembley, Bent’s task: to prove

he really is a better finisher than ‘missus’, Story goes on, Chaos? Turmoil? No,

England are in rude health, Harry’s Euro 2012 in-tray, and Yakubu return aids

Blackburn survival cause.

1.5The significances of Study

The significances of study are:

1. It improves English skill and to profound my comprehension about the

grammatical properties, especially complexsentence, compoundsentence, and

some related elements.

2. It gives an explanation about the types of clauses and the ways to use it.

3. It provides a source of study or media for anyone to study complex and

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of

.

Clause comes from the combination of words [Word discusses about part of speech

which consist of noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction,

interjection (Wren, and Martin 2000:3)] and phrase [Phrase is a group of words that

functions in a sentence as a single part of speech. It does not have a subject or a

verb]. Phrase consists of prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase,

appositive phrase, verbal phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive

phrase (Rozakis 2003: 102). The combination of clause forms sentences. This means

everyone needs to understand clause first so that he can write sentences well. Based

on that reason, this thesis attempts to discuss clauses.

2.1Description of clause

Langan (2003:100) states that clause is a group of word that has a subject and

a verb and must express a complete thought. Moreover, a clause begins with a capital

letter and ends with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. McClelland and

Marcotte (2003:232) state that there are two types of clause namely independent

clause and dependent clause.

According to Blythe (2004) an independent clause consists of a subject and a

predicate. And it consists of three types namely; independent clause with transitive

verbs, independent clause with intransitive verbs, and independent clause with

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• I read a book last night. (independent clause with transitive verb)

• She is very beautiful (independent clause with transitive verb).

• She looks very beautiful. (Independent clause with linking verb).

Dependent clause is not a complete idea. A dependent clause often has S – V –C

form, but is not a sentence because the meaning is not clear (McClelland and

Marcotte: 232). So it can not stand alone as a sentence. For example:

• She bites her finger when she is nervous. (The clauses when she is nervous

and you are always okay are dependent clauses. The clause "when she is

nervous" is the adverb clause of verb bite)

• I hope you are always okay. ("You are always okay" is noun clause which

stands as an object. There are three types of dependent clause here).

2.2Types of Dependent Clause

According to Oshima (1991: 160) there are three kinds of dependent clause:

adverb clause, adjective clause, and noun clause. It will be discussed one by one.

2.2.1 Noun Clause

A noun clause consists of a subject and predicate that functions as a noun

Frank (1972:62) in her book Modern English: Exercise for Non – Native Speakers.

Like noun phrase which can stand as subject, object, complement, appositive, and

prepositional complement in a sentence, noun clause also can stand as them. But

noun clause happens seldom than noun phrase in a sentence. It is because noun

clause more refers to abstractions such as events, facts, and ideas. Look at these

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Main clause + question word + subject + verb order

• The Manchester United fans hope that the Reds Devils will be crowned as the

Premier League champion this year. Here the noun clause "the Reds Devils

will be crowned as the Premier League champion" acts as the object of verb

"hope."

• What you have said to me hurts my feeling. The noun clause "what you have

said to me" stands as a subject of hurts.

• You can call him what you wish. The noun clause "what you wish" acts as a

complement of clause "you can call him."

• His belief that football comes from England is correct. Here the clause "that

football comes from England” serves as an appositive noun clause.

• His girlfriend thinks about that he wants a new computer for his birthday. The

underline clause serves as a prepositional complement. The preposition is

about.

There are three basic types of noun clause. These types are noun clause that

starts with a question words (where, how, who, when, why, etc), noun clause that

starts with whether or if, and noun clause that starts with that

1. Noun clause that starts with a question words.

Noun clauses which begin with a question word are also called embedded

questions. Question words which introduce noun clause known as the

subordinators, they are: who, what, where, when, how, how many, why, which,

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Main clause + whether / if + subject + verb order

For example:

• She does not know how she will get money to pay her tuition fee.

• Can you tell me where the post office is.

• He asked who scored the Chelsea goal againts Barcelona.

• He does not know what day it is.

• He asked me how much my computer costs.

• My friend asked me what football club I like.

Each of this subordinate above starts with question words namely how, where,

who, and what.

2. Noun clause that starts with whether or if.

Noun clause that starts with whether or if is used to answer yes/no type questions.

Sometimes whether and if are interchangeable. This type is also known as

indirect question. And it usually applies common phrases such as I don’t

know…, I can’t remember…, please tell me…, or do you know.... The normal

formula is :

For example:

• People wondered if Chelsea could beat Barcelona at Camp Nou.

• I do not know whether Barcelona can make it to the Champions League final

this season.

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3. Noun clause that starts with that

It applies to answer question in which person who answers, thinks, gives an

opinion, or use a mental activity verb.

• I believe that Messi is the best player of a life time.

• We insisted that he honored the history of our football club.

• It is important that everyone behaves properly.

• I wish that I had a car.

• I wish that Barcelona had beaten Chelsea last night.

2.2.2 Adjective Clause

Adjective modifies a noun. It describes or gives information about a noun

(Azar 1992: 309).While, clause must have a subject and a verb. So, it can take

conclusion that adjective clause is a clause (subject + verb) which modifies noun or

pronoun; it describes and gives information about something or someone that already

specified. It means that the clause takes the function of adjective which also

expresses noun or pronoun. Because of that, it is called adjective clause. However,

there is a big difference between adjective with adjective clause that adjective

precedes the noun whereas adjective clause follows the noun.

Adjective clause usually begins with relative pronoun [who, whom, whose,

that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why]. To identify things, it used

that, whose, or which. While, to identify human beings the marker is who (subject)

and whom (human as object). A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a

relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it

modifies. Adjective clause which begins with the relative pronouns has two different

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Relative pronoun as subject is followed by verb after its marker in which the marker

stands as the subject, while relative pronoun as object is followed by noun or

pronoun. Look at these examples;

• The pen which is lying on the table is mine. (Subject) which followed by verb

order "is lying."

• The pen which Michael lays on the table is mine. (Object) which followed by

pronoun "Michael."

The relative adverbs where, when, and why introduce adjective clause. Where

denotes place, when refers to time, and why describes reason. For example:

• The reason why Barcelona lost to Chelsea was Chelsea played super

defensively. (reason)

• This is the park where we first met. (place)

• Monday is the day when people start working in a week. (time)

Based on the meaning adjective clause consists of restrictive relative clause

and non-restrictive relative clause.

1. Restrictive relative clause

Restrictive relative clause is a relative clause which helps to identify the noun

that it modifies. It means the adjective clause limits the meaning of noun it modifies.

And restrictive clause is not set off by commas. For example:

• She refuses to take any money that her boy friend gives.

• Students who are interested in speaking English are invited to attend one day

English seminar.

• The thing that impresses me the most about Barcelona is the way they pass

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• She went to Spain with the man whom she met at college yesterday.

2. Nonrestrictive relative clause

Nonrestrictive relative clause is a relative clause which identifies the

information of noun that it modifies without giving limitation. It gives additional

information about the noun, but it is not used to identify it. It is usually separated by

commas from the main clause. For example:

• Lionel Messi, who is a very well-known football player, plays for Barcelona

in Spain.

• The college students, who want to teach after finishing the college, should try

to get a lot of classroom experience.

• University of Sumatera Utara, which is a well-respected university in

Sumatera, is renovating the building of its medical faculty.

2.2.3 Adverb Clause

An adverb clause consists of a subject and predicate introduced by a

subordinate conjunction like when, although, because, if (Frank 1972:23) in her book

Modern English: Exercise for Non-Native Speaker Part II. It means in adverb clause

dependent stand as th,

positions in a complex sentence namely initial position, middle position, and final

position. Adverb clauses consist of some types based on the relation they show. And

of course they also have the different conjunctions. Check this table which taken

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No Types Conjunctions Example

• We won’t have the picnic unless the weather is good.

5 Contrast Although, though, even though, even if,

• Though I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

6 Adversative While, where, and whereas

• Some people spend their time reading, while others watch tv

informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and advertising. It can be concluded

that newspapers give a true and correct picture of society. Newspaper conveys

information of political, economic, social changes, activities of the people, crimes,

sport, etc. There are some kinds of newspaper namely daily newspaper, weekly

newspaper, national newspaper, and international newspaper. Daily newspaper is

issued everyday; weekly newspaper is published every week national newspaper is

published nationally in a country; and international newspaper is published

internationally such as The

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In the past newspaper was only provided in printed version. But, now

newspaper is also provided in online edition. An online newspaper is a

that exists on the

version of a printed periodical. So, there is online newspaper which is the online

version of newspaper which is printed periodical such as The Jakarta Post

there is also online newspaper which only published in online edition. It means the

newspaper does not have any hard copy. An example of this newspaper is

published in the United State since 1999, and Thewhich

is introduced in 1991 in United Kingdom. It is a weekly summary of

news in a week. If online newspaper compares to printed edition, there are

some advantages of online newspaper namely; it can compete with

decreases costs, and it is easier to access than printed edition.

2.3.1 The Telegraph

One of the leading newspapers in England which provides online newspaper

is the Telegraph. the Telegraph is founded in 1855 after the repeal of the stamp tax;

the Telegraph quickly became Britain's best-selling paper, with its mix of sport and

politics and its peerless news service. Following a decline in the early twentieth

century, it emerged in the 1930s as the up market leader, a position which retains in

the early 2000s. People believe that its heyday was in the 1960s, when its news

reporting was unparalleled. Owned by Conrad Black, the paper has broadly

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daily paper that have attained a circulation above one million

The Telegraph went online in 2007; the website isThere are

four types of Telegraph namely the Daily Telegraph, the Sunday Telegraph, Online

Telegraph, and Telegraph E-paper. The Daily Telegraph is a printed version of

newspaper which published every day; The Sunday Telegraph is a printed version of

newspaper which published only in Sunday. And The Telegraph E-paper is an online

edition of these two printed versions of The Telegraph. It means the printed version

of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph can be read in The Telegraph

E-paper. Because of that, it has two sections; The Daily Telegraph section and The

Sunday Telegraph section. The Daily Telegraph section consists of business,

gardening, motoring, property, review, sport, the daily telegraph, travel, weekend,

your money. And The Sunday Telegraph section consists of business, life, money,

seven, sport, stella, the Sunday Telegraph, and travel.

The object of this study is sport articles from The Telegraph E-paper. Talking

about sport in United Kingdom and especially in England cannot be separated from

football. England is the motherland of football. Football is not just a sport for

English people. It is a culture, a religion, a life for them. And it has Premier League

which is the most popular league in the world as the latest research estimates that the

Premier League matches attracted staggering 4.7 billion TV viewers last season.

There are some well known football clubs from England such as Manchester United,

Arsenal, Liverpool, Chelsea, and the new champion; Manchester City. And its

popular players are Rooney, Giggs, Teves, Aguero, Yaya Toure, Van Persie, Drogba,

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And the simplest way to get it is by reading online newspaper. So, it is decided that

the source of every sample of the data is taken from Telegraph E-paper of sport

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CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY

The methodology of study is designed to figure out the problems by

analyzing and describing the facts and data. The method applied here is library

research method. It needs to collect and read some books and browse some websites

or blogs to gather information which is related to the topic. Then it is sorted to find

the suitable references. After gathering the data, it uses descriptive method to

describe the data and information taken from references. Nawawi (1991: 67) states,

“Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur atau cara memecahkan masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan objek yang diselidiki (seseorang, lembaga, masyarakat, pabrik, dan lain-lain) sebagaimana adanya, berdasarkan, fakta-fakta yang aktual pada saat sekarang”.

3.1Method of collecting the data

It uses purposive sampling method in choosing the samples of the data.

Purposive sampling method means that the samples are taken from independent

observations from the same probability distribution, without involving any real

population. It means the samples are not the real representative of the population of

the data. It chooses articles from Telegraph E-Paper which is one of leading

newspapers in England. It is the same edition as the newspaper printed in the United

Kingdom.

There are some sections on Telegraph E-paper such as business, gardening,

motoring, property, sport, etc. And in the sports section there are some kinds of sport

such as Rugby, Golf, Tennis, Football, etc. And it decides to choose football articles

because it is the most popular sport in England. That it is very likely that football is

(30)

possible. There are twelve pages of the sports section which is issued on 12th

February 2012; five pages of them are football news. In these five pages there are 14

articles which are the samples of the thesis.

To collect the data these methods are used:

1. It reads the article to understand the message of every sentence and the article.

2. It identifies and categorizes every dependent clause in complex sentence form.

3. It italicizes the clauses and underlines the dependent clauses.

3.2Method of analyzing the data

After collecting the data, there are some steps need to be taken in analyzing

it. It applies these steps;

1. The data is displayed in a table.

2. Clauses are calculated to find out the most dominant dependent clause of complex

sentence in the newspaper.

3. It finds out the percentage of article which applies the most dominant and the less

dominant of every dependent clause. In order to get the accurate percentage of the

most dominant clause, it uses a formula from Nawawi (1991: 150) as follow;

X _x_100%_{= N} Y

X = Number of clauses

Y = Total number of all data

N = Percentage of the clause

By applying this formula, it expects the calculation of the percentage of the most

dominant clauses of this thesis is reliable. Finally, it is able to arrange conclusion and

(31)

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1Analysis

In this part of thesis it will focus on analyzing subordinate clauses from

chosen articles of The Telegraph E – Paper. Every article will be analyzed based on

the type of clause namely noun clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause.

Article I Day of Disgrace by Mark Ogden (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Sir Alex Ferguson branded Luis Suarez a "disgrace to Liverpool" and urged the

Anfield club to "get rid of the striker" after he refused to shake Patrice Evra's

hand before Manchester United's victory yesterday.

In this example the dependent clause is adverb clause; it is the clause which is

underlined. It modifies the verbs of independent clause branded and urged. This

adverb clause shows time.

2. Suarez's decision to snub the Frenchman during the fair-play handshake was

criticized by Ferguson and United defender Rio Ferdinand, who declined the

Uruguayan's hand in protest.

In this example the dependent clause is adjective clause; it is the clause which is

underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun United defender Rio

Ferdinand.

3. The Football Association could also investigate a confrontation between both

sets of players in the tunnel at half-time which had to be broken up by police and

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underlined. The adjective clause shows restrictive meaning and it describes noun

a confrontation.

4. It was alleged 1that Evra tried to confront Suarez over the non-handshake 2but

was blocked by Liverpool's Martin Skartel.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adverb clause; they are

clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause which functions as

the object of verb of independent clause alleged. And the second clause is adverb

clause which modifies the verb tried. This adverb clause shows contrast.

5. "Maybe that's just the kind of character he is," Ferguson said.

In this example the dependent clause is noun clause; it is the clause which is

underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb of

independent clause said.

6. 1When we had the FA Cup tie (last moth), 2because there was no 24-hour news

channel in the build up to the game nothing happened.

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are adverb clauses. The

adverb clauses are the clauses which are underlined. Both adverb clauses modify

the verb of independent clause happened. The first adverb clause shows time and

the second adverb clause shows cause.

7. "It was just bad decision making from the guy", he said.

8. "It’s never been a problem up until this situation regarding racism," Ferguson

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9. Ged Grebby, chief executive of Show Racism the Red Card, added: "Suarez has

shown no grace".

independent clause added.

10.Greater Manchester Police also confiscated 17,500 copies of United's Red Issue

fanzine, 2which featured a cut-out Ku Klux Klan style mask bearing the words:

'LFC Suarez is innocent'.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adjective clause; they

are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause that functions as

the noun of verb of independent clause confiscated. The adjective clause

describes noun phrase 7,500 copies of United's Red Issue fanzine. It shows

restrictive meaning.

11.Red Issue, who will discover tomorrow if they will face charges of inciting racial

hatred, have denied wrong doing.

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are adjective clause and

noun clause. The adjective clause is who will discover tomorrow if they will face

charges of inciting racial hatred that describes noun Red Issue. And the noun

clause is if they will face charges of inciting racial hatred that functions as the

object of verb of the adjective clause discover.

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13.Well now that I have told you that, that he did do it.

underlined. The adjective clause in this sentence describes noun that.

14.Do you think you have to take a serious look at his refusal to shake his hand and

the way it set the tone?

There are two dependent clauses in this example; they are noun clauses. And they

are the clauses which underlined. Both noun clauses in this sentence function as

the object of verb of independent clause think.

15.I think predominantly that both set of fans behaved really well.

independent clause think.

16.You also know 1there was controversy in the tunnel, 2the police were called, 3and

the stewards were called, before and after the game.

In this example the underlined clauses are dependent clauses which called noun

clause. They function as the objects of verb of independent clause know.

17.KD No, I'm just saying it was a bit tight trying to get through there [in the

tunnel].

underlined. The noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of main verb

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18.I don't know 1what happened in there 2because I was not right here.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely noun clause and adverb

clause. Noun clause here functions as the objects of verb of independent clause

know. And the adverb clause also modifies the verb of independent clause know.

It shows cause.

19.So if you want to know what happened in there ask somebody else, OK.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause ask. This adverb clause shows

condition.

Article II Rooney heroics spoiled by Suarez by Mark Ogden (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Whatever Suarez was thinking when he rejected Patrice Evra's hand prior to the

game only the 25 year-old will know.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely noun clause and adverb

clause. Noun clause here functions as the objects of verb of independent clause

know. And the adverb clause also modifies the verb of independent clause know.

It shows time.

2. With less than a minute on the clock, Evra and Ferdinand appeared hell-bent on

dispossessing Suarez forcefully before they collided, courtesy of the Liverpool's

nudge into Ferdinand's back.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause appeared. This adverb clause

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3. Three minutes later, Evra went close to scoring the opener 1when he arrived late

in the penalty area and climbed above Dirk Kuyt 2before heading Antonio

Valencia's cross over the bar.

In this example there are two dependent clauses namely adverb clauses. The

adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause went. Both adverb clauses

show time.

4. United struggled to break down Liverpool, while Dalglish's team failed to

provide Suarez with any meaningful service.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause struggled. This adverb clause

shows time.

5. It was a decision that angered Suarez and the sense of injustice lingered.

underlined. It describes noun a decision.

6. Rooney claimed his first after 47 minutes when he was left unmarked to convert

Giggs's corner.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause claimed. This adverb clause

shows time.

7. Whoever chose to leave Rooney on his own inside the six-yard box will be the one

having sleepless nights.

underlined. It functions as the subject of independent clause.

8. Liverpool again gifted their opponents a goal two minutes later when Jay

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underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause gifted. This adverb clause shows

time.

9. On the final whistle, the Frenchman skipped around Old Trafford, waving his

arms to the crowd before foolishly heading towards Suarez as he trudged off the

pitch.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause skipped and waving. This adverb

clause shows time.

10.GS; Do you understand 1why Rio Ferdinand subsequently refused to shake his

hand 2having seen him blank Patrice Evra?

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clause and adverb clause; they are

the clauses which are underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb

of independent clause understand. It is noun clause that begins with question

word. The adverb clause modifies the verb of noun clause refused. This adverb

shows time.

11.GS; Is there an argument that there shouldn’t have been the handshake at all?

underlined. It describes noun an argument.

12.AF; I didn’t see it because I got off the pitch.

underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause didn’t see. This adverb

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Article III Chelsea supporters round on Villas-boas as team fall to fifth

The clauses are:

1. This defeat meantVilla-boas’s side dropped out of the top four.

independent clause meant.

2. 1"You don’t know 2what you’re doing," the visitors sang.

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clauses; it is the clause which is

underlined. The first noun clause in this sentence functions as the object of verb

of independent clause sang. And the second noun clause functions as the object

of verb of dependent clause know.

3. The same supporters were even less forgiving when their most potent attacking

threat, Juan Mata, was replaced by Romelu Lukaku eight minutes later.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause were even less forgiving. This

4. It’s part of the job, said Villas Boas on the reaction on his own supporters.

5. If Everton are dreading a phone call from Daniel Levy about stealing their

manager, they will be grateful for the one the Tottenham accepted in the final

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underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause dreading. This adverb clause

shows condition.

6. Moyes was scurrying around for a mobile phone to complete the loan deal for

Steven Pienaar, who was desperate to revive his career on familiar ground.

underlined. It describes pronoun Steven Pienaar.

7. He was substituted to a standing ovation shortly after Everton added a second.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause was substituted. This adverb

clause shows time.

8. London Donovan fed the enthusiastic Denis Stracqualursi, who nudged the ball

beyond Cech.

underlined. It describes pronoun Denis Stracqualursi.

9. "It was like he'd [Pienaar] never been away," said Moyes.

10.None of the key participants can be sure where they will be next season.

underlined. It modifies the verb of main clause can be sure. This adverb clause

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Article IV Legend Henry sign off in style by Luke Edwards at Stadium of Light (2012)

The clauses are:

1. I'm very happy because Sunderland have a lot character and they were very

resilient.

In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which

are underlined. Both clauses describe adjective very happy.

2. "We will have to see about next season" said Arsene Wenger, the Arsenal

manager.

3. I hope he will add something in the Champions League on Wednesday.

independent clause hope.

Article V Dalglish walks alone in defence of his striker; Dalglish’s loyalty to Suarez has blinded him to the repercussions to club and sport by Henry Winter (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Somebody at Liverpool needs to explain to Luis Suarez the damage he is doing to

a great footballing institution.

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2. Somebody at Anfield needs to persuade Kenny Dalglish to realize that the club is

walking alone in a world of rising opprobrium.

underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of infinitive to; to realize.

3. The impression persists that nobody internally at Anfield is taking their vaunted

manager to task, quietly questioning his stance.

underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb persists.

4. Back in 1996, Ferguson famously once reflected that his fellow Scot was a

private man, with only a few friends such as Alan Hansen around him.

underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb reflected.

5. Ferguson argued 1that this was not a problem on the basis 2that "you only need

four people to carry your coffin".

are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause functions as the

object of verb argued. And second clause is adjective clause which describes

noun phrase on the basis.

6. Dalglish is the one who most needs to change his tune.

underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun the one.

7. It would help if players such as Suarez understood their duty to the game and to

their employers, avoiding intensifying the tribalism of this fractious fixture.

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8. The fuse was lit before kick-off as the cameras zoomed in on the handshake

ceremony.

underlined. It modifies the main verb of independent clause lit. This adverb

clause shows cause.

9. An angry Evra grabbed the arm of Suarez, who pulled away and continued down

the line.

underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun Suarez.

10.As the players concluded their final stretching before kick off, Wayne Rooney put

his arm around Evra.

underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause put. This adverb clause

shows time.

11.He was caught out against Liverpool in the FA cup and particularly in the league

at Chelsea last weekwhen Daniel Sturridge kept dashing past him.

underlined. It modifies the verb phrase of independent clause caught out. This

12.Suarez darted away from Evra just before the break, sprinting through on goal

before Ferdinand slid in with a perfectly timed interception.

underlined. It modifies the verb of independent clause darted away. This adverb

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13.The striker looked around in bemusement at not getting a free kick, staring at

Phil Dowd, the referee, who handled a heated occasion well.

underlined. The adjective clause describes the pronoun the referee.

14.Evra is no angel; 1although it needs reemphasizing 2that he is the victim in all

this, 3the one who was racially abused.

In this example, there are three dependent clauses. The first clause is adverb

clause. The second clause is noun clause that functions as the object of verb

reemphasizing. And the clause is adjective clause defines pronoun the one.

15.Trailing to Rooney’s lighting strike, Dalglish rejigged, giving Suarez some

company in attack in form of Andy Carrol, although they rarely dovetailed.

underlined. The adverb modifies the verb giving. This adverb clause shows

contrast.

16.A counter point towards Suarez’s lack of dignity came from De Gea after the

Uruguayan had fallen in the box.

underlined. The adverb modifies the verb came. This adverb clause shows time.

17.Dowd nipped between them, although Suarez had not reacted.

underlined. The adverb modifies the verb nipped. This adverb clause shows

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Article VI Holt leads the charge by Graham Clutton at Liberty Stadium (2012)

The clauses are:

1. For Swansea, who have dazzled the Premier League with their total football this

season, it was only their second home defeat of the season.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun Swansea.

2. Danny Graham, whose goals have invaluable since joining from Watford in the

summer, put the Welshmen in front with the home side's first attack.

underlined. The adjective clause shows possession.

3. The £3 million striker, 1who helped himself to a late penalty after Grant Holt's

tug on Ashley Williams, almost scored a late equalizer, 2but turned his shot wide

of John Ruddy's far post.

In this example, there are two dependent clauses which consist of one adverb

clause and one adjective clause. The first clause is adjective clause which

modifies pronoun striker. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies

the verb of independent clause scored. It shows contrast.

4. It would have been harsh on a Norwich side who were good value for their fourth

away win of the season.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun Norwich side.

5. Andrew Surman should have equalized before half-time, but his point-blank

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underlined. The adverb modifies the main verb of independent clause equalized.

This adverb clause shows contrast.

Article VII Wigan sense salvation by Arindam Rej at Reebok Stadium (2012)

The clauses are:

1. It came following a long kick by Adam Bogdan, 1as the ball struck David Ngog's

back then fall nicely for Mark Davies, 2who finished from outside the box.

In this example, there are dependent clauses which consist of one adverb clause

and one adjective clause. The adverb clause modifies the verb of independent

clause came. This adverb clause shows cause. The second clause is adjective

clause which describes pronoun Mark Davies.

2. But Wigan were quickly back in front, following a swift break, as Victor Moses

cut inside from the left then shot at Bogdan.

underlined. The adverb clause modifies the adverb of independent clause quickly.

This adverb clause shows time.

3. It was a lead 1that Wigan did not surrender 2although Ali Al Habsi was forced

into an excellent, late save from Ryo Miyachi.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause and adverb clause;

they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is adjective clause

describes noun lead. And the second clause is adverb clause which modifies verb

phrase of dependent clause did not surrender.

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underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb said.

Article VIII Redknapp’s fairy by Gerry Cox (2012)

The clauses are:

1. After a momentous week 1in which a five-year cloud of suspicion was finally

dispersed, Harry Redknapp has another problem looming on the horizon –

2choosing between Tottenham and England.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause; they are clauses

which are underlined. The first adjective clause is the first clause which describe

noun phrase a momentous week. And the second adjective clause describes noun

phrase another problem.

2. But, the way his side crushed Newcastle to keep pace with the only to clubs above

them, Manchester United and Manchester City, suggests another Champions

League campaign is not far away.

underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of verb of independent clause

suggests.

3. 1"It was the most difficult week 2 I had ever had, for sure", he said 3"I wouldn’t

want to put anybody through that.”

In this example the dependent clauses are noun clauses and adjective clause; they

are clauses which are underlined. The noun clause function as the object of verb

of independent clause said. The adjective clause describes noun week.

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repeated.

5. It wouldn’t be fair to Tottenham otherwise – the players, the crowd, the people

who own the club.

underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun the players, the crowd, the

people.

6. Benoit Assou-Ekotto opened the scoring from the tight angle after Emanuel

Adebayor exchanged passes with Gareth Bale and drill the ball across goal.

In this example the dependent clauses are adverb clause; they are clauses which

are underlined. The adverb clauses modify the verb of independent clause

opened. This adverb clause shows time.

7. Adebayor set up Saha’s opening goal with a surging run down the right and

teasing cross, which invited the Frenchman to half volley.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase teasing cross.

8. Adebayor laid it to Sahawho drilled home delightedly.

underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun Saha.

Article IXChaos? Turmoil? No, England are in rude health (2012)

The clauses are:

1. Gary Mabbutt, who knows well both Redknapp and the FA, is an obvious

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underlined. The adjective clause describes pronoun Gary Mabbutt.

2. Redknapp believes 1the vast arena inhibits England players 2who could play with

greater confidence and tempo at more familiar grounds such as Anfield and Old

Trafford.

are clauses which are underlined. The noun clause is the first clause which

function as the object of verb of independent clause believes. And the second

clause is adjective clause which describes pronoun England players.

Article X A Crazy Week at Wembley by Jeremy Wilson (2012)

The clauses are:

1. "I can understand the hype," he said.

said.

2. The fact that we haven’t had huge success as an international side over the last

few years is the opportunity in any way.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun phrase the fact.

3. "Whoever comes in, he hasn’t got to win the world cup to be regarded as

successful,” he added.

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4. 1But while Redknapp is the front runner, Bernstein also saidhe would ultimately

go for the "best" candidate.

In this example the dependent clause are adverb clause and noun clause; they are

clauses which underlined. The first clause is adverb clause which modifies the

verb of independent clause said. It shows contrast. And the noun clause functions

as the object of verb of independent clause said.

5. There have been suggestionsthat Redknapp might like to keep his options open.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun suggestions.

6. History tells us 1that players rarely produce their best for a manager 2 whose own

future is uncertain.

are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is noun clause which functions

as the object of verb of independent clause tells. And the second clause is

adjective clause which describes pronoun a manager. It shows possession.

7. It could mean that, after Capello, Pearce, Redknapp, the FA might end up

needing a fourth manager in 2012.

underlined. The noun clause functions as the object of main verb of independent

clause mean.

8. Levy’s admiration for Mourinho was evident when he made approach within

days of the self-styled ‘Special One’ leaving on Chelsea.

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9. So, the next manager must make a decision regarding how the rest of the squad

will react to Terry.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun a decision.

10.Against Holland this month, Stuart Pearce is also facing a scenario whereby both

Terry and Ferdinand are likely to be available to play together for the first time

this season.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun a scenario.

11.Another complicating factor is the possibility of code of conduct – 1which might

preclude players from representing England 2while they await criminal trial –

being published before Euro 2012.

In this example the dependent clauses are adjective clause and adverb clause;

they are clauses which are underlined. The first clause is adjective clause which

describes noun phrase the possibility of code of conduct. And the second clause is

adverb clause which modifies the main verb of adjective clause preclude. This

12.The FA was sufficiently irritated on Friday to issue an official denial of rumors

that it had spent £1.5 million in remunerating Capello for the reminder of his

contract.

underlined. The adjective clause describes noun rumors.

An Analysis Of Clauses Applied In Online Newspaper Named &quot;THE TELEGRAPH&quot;

AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

A THESIS

BY

ILHAM SYAH

REG. NO. 100721015

AN ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES

APPLIED IN ONLINE

NEWSPAPER NAMED "THE TELEGRAPH"

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The

Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head,

Secretary

An Analysis Of Clauses Applied In Online Newspaper Named "THE TELEGRAPH"