Sesungguhnya
sesudah kesulitan
ad&keoudahan
Maka apabila kanu
telah selesai (dari suatu urusan),
kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh (urusan) yang lain
( Q S ; 94: 6-7)Disanggakeun kanggo
tawis pangbakti
ka
sEnah, Apa, Pun Lanceuk anu dipikahornat oge Pun
B d im u
PEMlLlHAeU METODE EKSTRAKSI KALIUM
DENlGAN
PAD!
( O r y z u
a s t i w a
L.)
SEBAGAl TAMAMAN
UJI
Oleh
ANAH HASANAH
A 23
0631JURUSAN TANAH
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN
BOGORANAH HASANAH P e n i l i h a n netode E k s t r a k s i K a l i u m d e n g a n
P a d i ( U r y z a sativa L . ) Sebagai T a n a n a n U j i ( D i b a n a h b i n - b i n g a n At-ang S u t a n d i d a n nuhammad A l - J a b r i ) .
P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n i l i h n e t o d e e k s -
t . r ~ k s i k a l i11n y s n g d i k o r e l a s i k a n d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f
t ) e r ~ t k e r i n g d a n s e r a p a n k a l i u m o l e h jerani, g a b a h d a n
t.nt.8 I t . s r ~ a n a n
P e n e l ~ t ~ a n d i l a k u k a n d i Runah Kaca d a n L a b o r a t o r i u n
K e s u h u r a n T a n ~ h . P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n T a n a h B o g o r , d e n g a n
n e n g g ~ ~ n a k a n s e p u l u h c o n t o h t a n a h y a n g d i a m b i l d a r i d a e r a h -
d a e r a h d i P . Jawa. P u p u k d a s a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h
u r e a . Z A d a n TSP d e n g a n d o s i s 1 5 0 ppm N ( u n t u k u r e a ) , 50
p p n H ( u n t u k Z A ) d a n 2 0 0 ppn P / p o t . P u p u k k a l i u m dalan
b e n t u k KC1 d i b e r i k a n sebagai p e r l a k u a n d e n g a n 5 t a r a f
y a i t o 0 , 25. 5 0 , 1 0 0 dan 2 0 0 ppm K . Sebagai t a n a m a n u j i
d i g u n a k a n p a d i v a r i e t a s
I R
64. Raneangan y a n g d i g u n a k a ny a i t u R a n e a n g a n B e a k L e n g k a p dengan
l i n a
p e r l a k u a n dant iga u l a n g a n
.
P e n g a a a t a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p t i n g g i
tananan
danj u n l a h a n a k a n p a d a saat t a n a m a n b e r u m u r 4, 8 dan
12
#ST.
P a d a w a k t u p a n e n d i l a k u k a n p e n g a m a t a n t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i
berat k e r i n g j e r a a i , g a b a h dan t o t a l t a n a m a n . K e m u d i a n
d i p e r s i a p k a n u n t u k a n a l i s i s serapan k a l i u n .
K a l i u m t a n a h d i t e t a p k a n
dengan
netodeK
H N 0 3 panas,t . e r s e b u t d i k o r e l a s i k a n d e n g a n r e s p o n t a n a n a n y a n g n e l i p u t i
h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g d m k a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a p o l e h
j e r a o i , g a b a h dan t o t a l t a n a m a n . Respon b e r a t k e r i n g
tanalean t e r h a d a p p e m b e r i a n k a l i u m d a p a t j u g a d i l i h a t
b e r d a s a r k a n n i l a i k o e f i s i e n r e s p o n ( R k ) . B a t a s k r i t i s
k a l i n n t a n a h d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n eara C a t e d a n N e l s o n
( 1965)
Kalillm t.anah y a n g t e r u k u r o l e h metode H C 1 2 5 % n e n -
b e r i kan basil t e r t i n g g i
,
d i i k u t i o l e h n e t o d eK
H N 0 3 p a n a sdarl
N
NH40Ac p H 7 0 F a k t o r y a n g b e r p e n g a r u i h t e r h a d a pk a l i u m yang d a p a t . d i e k s t r a k s i o l e h k e t i g a metode t e r s e b u t
d i a r r t . a r a n y a a d a l a h N - t o t a l , k e j e n u h a n b a s a dan H-dd.
8et.ode
ti
NNOy p a n a s d a n HC1 2 5 X b e r k o r e l a s i n y a t a d e n g ~ n h a s i I r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g g a b a h , t e t a p i t i d a kn y a t a d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g j e r a n i d a n t o t a l
t.anaman Sedangkan n e t o d e
K
N H 4 0 8 c pH 7 . 0 b e r k o r e l a s in y a t a d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g j e r a n i d a n t o t a l
t a n a n a n , t e t a p i t i d a k n y a t a d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f berat
k e r i n g g a b a h . K o r e l a s i t e r t i n g g i d i p e r o l e h u n t u k hubnngan
a n t a r a m e t o d e HCl 2 5 % d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g
g a b a h . Hetode i n i memberikan b a t a s k r i t i s 200 p p a
K
(0.51n e / 1 0 0 g ) d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f 1 0 0 p e r s e n . S e d a n g k a n
d a l a n hubungannya d e n g a n k o e f i s i e n r e s p o n b e r a t k e r i n g
g a b a h . m e t o d e i n i a e a b e r i k a n n i l a i r t e r t i n g g i y a i t u
D a l a m h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n k a l i u u t y a n g d i s e r a p t a n a m a n ,
m e t o d e
Ll
H N 0 3 p a n a s d a n HC1 2 5 % b e r k o r e l a s i n y a t a d e n g a nh a s i l r e l a t i f k a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a p g a b a h d a n s a n g a t n y a t a
d e n g a n k a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a p j e r a m i d a n t o t a l t a n a m a n .
M e t o d e
K
NH40Ac pH 7 . 0 m e m b e r i k a n m e t o d e y a n g p a l i n gr e n d a h . M e t o d e HC1 2 5 % m e u i b e r i k a n b a t a s k r i t i s 2 0 5 ppm K
( 0 . 5 3 n e / 1 0 0 g ) u n t u k k a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a p g a b a h d e n g a n
h a s i l r e l a t i f 9 8 p e r s e n .
P e m b e r i a n k a l i u m s a m p a i b a t a s t e r t e n t u u n t u k l o k a s i
B e n d a , Bawon d a n K a r d i s r i d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n p r o d u k s i . D i
l o k a s i B e n d a pemupukan s a m p a i 2 0 0 ppui K u i e n a i k k a n h a s i l
d a r i 4 7 . 4 5 g r a m g a b a h k e r i n g , / p o t m e n j a d i 5 0 . 3 3 g r a m / p o t .
S e d a n g k a n d i l o k a s i Bawon pemupukan 2 0 0 ppm K m e n a i k a n
h a s i l d a r i 4 0 . 8 2 m e n j a d i 4 2 . 4 8 g r a a / p o t . P a d a l o k a s i
M a r d i a s r i p e m u p u k a n 1 0 0 ppm K u i e m b e r i k a n h a s i l 6 5 . 7 5
g r a m / p o t , s e d a n g k a n t a n p a p u p u k h a n y a m e n c a p a i 51.83
g r a m / p o t . S e c a r a s t a t i s t i k p e n a m b a h a n k a l i u m u n t u k l o k a s i
i n i n y a t a m e n i n g k a t k a n p r o d u k s i b e r a t k e r i n g g a b a h .
B i l a p e n a e b a h a n p r o d u k s i i n i d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n j u m l a h
k a l i u m y a n g d i e k s t r a k s i o l e h HCl 2 5 %, maka t a n a h - t a n a h
d e n g a n k a d a r k a l i u m k u r a n g d a r i 2 0 0 ppm
K
( 0 . 5 1 me/100 g )p e m u p u k a n k a l i u m s a m p a i b a t a s t e r t e n t u d a p a t m e n a i k a n
I'EHILIHAN HETODE EKSTRAKSI KALIUH
I)h'NGAN PAD1 (Oryza s a t i v a L . ) SEBAGAI TANAHAN UJI
S k r i p s i
S n b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t u n t u k H e n p e r o l e h G e l a r S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n
I n s t i t ~ l t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r
ANAH HASANAH
A 23.0631
JURUSAN TAHAH FAKULTAS PERTANI AN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
S y o k ~ ~ r f i i h a o d o l i l l a h p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n k e h a d h i r a t
A i I at1 SWT y a n g t e l a h n e n b e r i r i d h o d a n p e t u n j u k - N y a ,
s e h i n g g a l a p o r a n n a s a b a h k h u s u s i n i d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n .
1 . a p o r a n i n i n e r u p a k a n h a s i l a n a l i s i s m a s a l a h k h u s u s
s e h a g a l s a l a h s a t . u s y a r a t u n t u k n e o p e r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a
I1ert.arr I a n ( 3 1 E'ak111 t. a s I J e r t . a n i a n , 1 n s t . i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .
I)n I am m n s a l r s t r l r ~ i p e n u l 1s n e r ~ c o b a n e e i L i t 1 sat11 n e t o d e e k s
I r n k s ~ ka l iurt y a n g ri i a n g g a p b a i k d a 1 a n h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n
t ~ i i s i I r e l a t i t. h e r a t : k e r i r r g d a n s e r a p a n k s l i . u n o l e h t.ananarr
parl i S I a t e r n I okat; i rl i .laws
yatig s e h e s a r - b e s a r n y a k e p a d a I r . A t a n g S u t a n d i d a n I r .
Muhammad A l - J a b r i
,
HS
y a n g t e l a h o e n b e r i k a n b i n b i n g a n ,p e t o n j o k s e r t a s a r a n k e p a d a p e n u l i s d e n g a n p e n u h k e s a -
h a r a n
' I ' e r i a a k a s i
t~
p e n u l is h a t u r k a n p u l a k e p a d a y a n g t e r -h o r o a t :
I . Kepala P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n T a n a h B o g o r
2. KepaLa d a n Staf L a b o r a t o r i u n K e s u b u r a n T a n a h , P u s a t
P e n e l i t i a n P e n e l i t i a n T a n a h B o g o r
t a f Runah Kaea S i n d a n g b a r a n g , P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n T s n a h
f h s a cir1t.a. t~ormat. d a n t.erima k a s i h p e r r u l i s h a t u r k a n
kepatia
Euah, &pa, Teteh,
& e u g dan a d i k - a d i k yang t e l a ho e m b e r i d o r o n g a n s e r t a d o ' a . T e r i o n k n s i h p e n u l i s s a n p a i -
kan j u g s k e p a d a s a f l a b a t k l ~ Ir. Hang, Bink, S e p 'r dan S r i
a l . a s s n g a l a I ~ a r i l . r ~ a n n y a A k h i r k a t a p e n u l l s b e r h a r a p
semr,f?a t ~ i l x s n n i n 1 bermanf'arj t b a g I ix'nbaca p a d 8 umumrxya
Halaman
DAFTAR TABEL
. . .
iii1)AE"rAR GAnBAR
. . .
v i PENDAHULUAH. . .
1'I'T N.JAIIAL4 F'USTAKA . . . 3
U n s u r H a r a K a l i u o p a d a T a n a h Sawah
. . .
3P e r a n a n Kalium u n t u k Tanaman P u d i . . . 7
S e r a p a r , Kalium o l e h Tanaman P a d i . . . 8
P e n d u g ~ ~ n S t a t u s K a l i u m d e n g a n U j i T a n a h d a n tar^ aman . . . 10
BAHAN DAN HETODE . . . 1 2 T e n p a t d a n Waktu P e n e l i t i a n
. . .
1 2 B a h a n P e n e l i t i a n. . .
1 2 R a n c a n g a n P e r e o b a a n. . .
17HASIL DAN PEHBAHASAN
. . .
18S i f a t Umum L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a n
. . .
18Hubungan antara K - t e r e k s t r a k d e n g a n S i f a t - s i f a t T a n a h
. . .
2 1 B e r a t K e r i n g Tanaman d a n S e r a p a nK
. . .
2 2 Hubungan antara Kadar K a l i u m T a n a h d e n g a n H a s i l Relatif B e r a t K e r i n g Tanaman. . .
23Hubungan antara K a d a r K s l i u m T a n a h d e n g a n H a s i l R e l a t i f K-tanaman
...
35i i
KESJHPULAN DAN SARAN
. . .
46K e s i m p u l a n
. . .
46S a r a n
. . .
46. . .
DAFTAH PUSTAKA 4 7
N o n o r H a l a m a n
1. Nama-nama L o k a s i d a n J e n i s T a n a h y a n g D i g u n a k a n 12
2 . i i a s i l P e n g u k u r a n N i l a i U j i K a l i u a t y a n g T e r u k u r o l o h T i g n Het.ode E k s t . r a k s i d i S e p ~ l l u h L o k a s i
. . .
P e r ~ e l i t i a n 19
3 . K o e f i s i e n K o r e l a s i a r i t a r a f i a s i H e l a t . i f H e r a t K e r i r r g J e r a m i , Gabnh d a n ?'c~t.al Tanamarr d e r ~ g a r ~ K - - t . e r s e d i a K e l . a l u i H e b e r a p a C a r a E k s t r a k s i . . . 2 3
4 . R n t . a s K r i t . i s U j i 'I'anah ( p p n K) d a n H a s i l H e l a -
l . i f B e r a l . K e r i n g J e r a m i , G a b a h d a r ~ ' T o t a l Tanau1~- a n d a r i H e b e r a p a M e t o d e E k s t r a k s i . . . 2 9
! Koef its ierr K o r e l a s i a r ~ t . a r a Hespon f3arat. K e r i r i g J e r n o t i
,
G a b n t ~ tian 'I'ot:i l 'Tanaman T e r h n d a p P e n b e - ria11 Kal i t l m d e r ~ g a r ~ K - - t . e r e k s t r a k K e l a l u i H e b e r a - -. . .
p a C a r s E k s t r a k s i 34
6 . K o e f i s i e n K o r e l a s i a r i t a r a H a s i l K e l a t i f S e r a p a n K J e r a m i , Gabah d a n T o t a l Tanaman d e n g a n
K - t . e r s e d i a H e l a l u i B e b e r a p a C a r a E k s t r a k s i
. . .
367 . B a t a s K r i t i s U j i Tarrah (ppm K f d a n H a s i l Rela- I . i f S e r a p a n K Jerami, G a b a h d a n T o t a l Tanaman
d a r i B e b e r a p a H e t o d e E k s t r a k s i
. . .
431. H a s i l A n a l i s i s T e r h a d a p B e b e r a p a S i f a t F i s i k a d a n K i m i a T a n a h d i S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a n 5 1
. . . .
2 . K r i t e r i a P e n g k e l a s a n B e b e r a p a S i f a t T a n a h 523. P e n g k e l a s a n B e b e r a p a S i f a t T a n a h L o k a s i P e n e l i -
. . .
t i a n 53
4 . H a t r i k s K o r e l a s i a n t a r a S i f a t E i s i k a d a n K i n i a
T a n a h
. . .
545. B e r a t K e r i n g d a n S e r a p a n
K
J e r a n i p a d a P e r l a - k u a n 0 d a n 200 ppm K d i S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e -B e r a t K e r i n e d a n S e r a p a n K G a b a h p a d a P e r l a k u a n 0 d a n Z O O ppn K d i S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a n
B e r a t K e r i n g d a n S e r a p a n K T o t a l p a d a P e r l a k u a n 0 d a n 200 p p o K d i S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a n
N i l a i K o e f i s i e n K e s p o n B e r a t K e r i n g J e r a n i , ( ; i i l > ; i t ~ d ~ r i T r ~ t . a l t a n a m a n T e r h a d a p P e n b e r i a n K ~ l i u m
. . .
i<;it.i~ rut.i> 'l'ir~t:~?j 'Tarramirrr d a r ~ J u n l a h Anakan U u u r 4 , 8 i J 3 r i 1;: HST rli t.okiir;i T t : g a l u a r u ( K a r a u a n g ,
. . .
. J a v a l > a r a t . j
H;rt.il riit.8 ' I ' r n g g i T;ir~amrrn dari J u o l a h Anakan U u u r 4 , 8 rl;irl 1 % HST iJi 1.okiisi R a w a m e r t . ~ ( K a r a u a n g , Jtiwn I $ ; j r n t ! . . .
l i a l . ~ rii1.i; ' l ' i r ~ g g i T a r ~ a s ~ a r s d a r ~ J u m l a t t Arlakan Unlir
4 3 t i a r t 1 % HS'I' t l i 1.i)kasi C i k a r ~ g k u r r g ( K e n g a s
I r k I r k , J r a t . . .
K t ~ f . ; ~ rat.?, 'i'i.rr@i Tiinnortr~ i l a r ~ .J u n l a h Anakan U u u r
4 , 8 < l ; t r ~ 1 % HS'l' d i 1,ukir:ii B e n d a ( T a n g g e r a n g . J a w a B a r a t . ) . . .
Hkt.n r a t . a T i r r g g i T a r r a a ~ a r ~ dnrr J u n l t l l - I Anakan U e u r
4 1 a 1% MST d i L o k a s i Hawort ( K l a i e n , J a u a T e r ~ g n h j . . .
Knt.n r a t n T ~ r r l : g ~ Tanaman d a r ~ J u e l a h Anskan U n u r 4 , 8 d a n 1 2 KST d i L o k a s i Dempet ( D e n a k , J a u a T e n g a h )
. . .
R a t a - r a t a T i n g g i T a n a n a n d a n J u m l a h Anakan U u u r 4 , 8 d a n 1 2 HST d i L o k n s i S u n g a p a n ( P e m a l a n g ,
. . .
( J a w a T e n g a t i j
Rata-rata T i n g g i T a n a m a n d a n J u n l a h Anakan U n u r 4 , 8 d a n 1 2 HST d i K a r d i a s r i ( N g a w i , Jawa T i n u r )
. . .
Rats-rata T i n g g i T a n a m a n d a n J u m l a h Anakan U n u r 4 , 8 d a n 1 2 HST d i L o k a s i H o j o k e r t o ( J a n a
. . .
T i n u r )
19. R a t a - r a t a B e r a t K e r i n g J e r a m i , Gabah d a n T o t a l
Tanaman p a d a S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a n
. . .
642 0 . N i l a i F H i t u n g d a n K o e f i s i e n Keragaman T i n g g i
Tanaman d a n J u n l a h Anakan p a d a Unur 8 Hinggu 66
2 1 . N i l a i F H i t u n g d a n K o e f i s i e n Keragaman B e r a t
N o n o r H a l a o a n
1. H u b u n g a n a n t a r a K - t e r e k s t r a k o l e h H e t o d e
K
HNO P a n a s ( A j , HCI 2 5 Z ( B ) d a n C1 NHqOAc pH 7 . 0(c?
. . .
d e n g a n H a s i i H e l a t i f B e r a t K e r i n g Jerami 26
2 . H ~ l b u r r g a n a r ~ t a r ~ K - t e r e k s t . r a k o l e h H e t o d e & H N 0 3 t'ar~a:; ( A ) , HCl 2 5 I ( B ) d a n
it
N H 4 0 A c pH 7.0 ( C ). . .
d e r t g f ~ r ~ H a s ] 1 H1: lat.11' B e r a t K e r i n g G a b a h 2 7
3 H ~ l t ) l l r ~ g a ~ t arrt.ara K t . e r e k s t . r a k o l e h H e t o d e LI H N 0 3 i ' s r ~ a s ( A ) , IICI 2 5 X: ( B ) d a r ~ K Nli40Ac pH 7.0 ( C ) rir+rtgarr f i n s 1 l N e l a l . l f B e r a t R e r i n g T o t a l . . . 2 8
4 . I ~ t ~ r ~ g a r r ~ r r t t l r i l He.~:pon R e r a t K e r j n g Jerami T t : r t ~ i ~ d n p I ' e o b e r i s r ~ K r i l i u n d e r r g a r ~ K - t e r e k s t r a k C1
H N 0 3 I A , tlcl 2 5 % ( B ) d a n
LI.
N H 4 0 A c pH' I . 11 ( C ) . . . 3 2
5 . I t ~ ~ r ~ g a r a r t t a r n Nespon B e r a t . K e r i n g G a b a h l ' e r h a t l a p l ' e n b e r i a r i K a l i u o derrgun K - t e r e k s t r a k K HNO:, P a r ~ a s ( A j , HCI 2 5 % ( B j d a n
8
NHqOAc p H 7.11 ( C ). . .
3 36 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a H e s p o n B e r a t K e r i n g T o t a l T e r h a d a p P e n b e r i a n K a l i u m d e n g a n K - t e r e k s t r a k
K
t I N 0 3 P a r ~ a s ( A ) , HCI 2 5 % ( B ) d a n
K
NHqOAc pH 7 . 0 ( C ). . .
3 47 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a R - t e r e k s t r a k o l e h H e t o d e
K
H N 0 3P a n a s ( A ) , HC1 2 5 Z ( B ) d a n K N H 4 0 A c p H 7 . 0 ( C )
. . .
d e n g a n H a s i l R e l a t i f Serapa K J e r a n i 38
8 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a K - t e r e k s t r a k o l e h K e t o d e
K
H N 0 3 P a n a s ( A ) , HCl 2 5 % ( B ) d a nU
N H 4 0 A c p H 7.0 ( C ). . .
d e n g a n H a s i l R e l a t i f S e r a p a n K G a b a h 39
9 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a K - t e r e k s t r a k o l e h K e t o d e
K
HNO P a n a s ( A ) , HCl 2 5Z
(B)
d a nK
N H 4 0 A c p H 7.0(c?
. . .
L
Iferas o e r r l p a k a n a a k a n a n p o k o k s e b a g i a n b e s a r r a k y a t
Indonesia U s a h a p e n i n g k a t a n p r o d u k s i p a d i h a r u s t e r u s
n e n e r l l s d i l a k l ~ k a n u n t u k o e n g i a b a n g i l a j u k e n a i k a n j u m l a h
p e r i d l ~ d u k y a n g t e r l ~ s m e n i n g k a t . H e n r l r u t Team T a n a h I n s t i -
1.ist P e r t a n i a n B o g o r (1975). pemupukan n e r u p a k a n u s a h a
. ~ a r i g k a p e n d e k d a l a m r a n g k a o e n i n g k a t k a n p r o d u k s i p e r t a i a n .
Ada b e h e r a p a ha1 y a n g p e r l u d i p e r h a t i k a n s u p a y a u s a h a
p e n n p ~ r k a n t e r s e b u t h n r h a s i l , d i a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h s t a t u s
k e s ~ r k > ~ ~ r a n t.artah y a n g n e n y a n g k u t . k e t e r s e d i a a n d a n
k e s e ~ o t , a n g a r ~ I I ~ I S I J ~ clnslrr h a r a d j d a l a o t a n a h .
Hanyak cara y a n g d a p a t d i t e n p o h u n t u k m e n j a j a g i
s t . a t u s k e s u b u r a n t a n a h . H e n u r u t S r i A d i n i n g s i h (1985).
r ~ j i t.anah d a n t a n a o a n a e r u p a k a n cara y a n g p a l i n g e e p a t dan
n u r a h u n t u k o e n d u g a s t a t u s h a r a , b a i k d a l a m t a n a h o a u p u n
t.ananan P e m i l i h a n aetode e k s t r a k s i n e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u
t.ahap k e g i a t a n d a l a m
u j i
t a n a h s e b a g a i l a n d a s a n p e n y u s u n a nr e k o a e n d a s i p e o u p u k a n .
K a l i u m a d a l a h u n s u r h a r a k e t i g a s e t e l a h n i t r o g e n d a n
f o s f o r . T a n a n a n p a d i m e a e r l u k a n k a l i u a d a l a n j u m l a h
t i n g g i , b a h k a n k a d a n g - k a d a n g k e p e r l u a n n y a l e b i h besar
b e r p t - ' n e a r u t ~ p > ~ r l a t.zz~g:;::~;.:;r~ {.,!<J i t.<:r!i:~~J:i[, ~ ~ + . ~ t i s ~ ~ p ~ i k s n k a 1 i : ~ m
rrrc:rr
i r n t ~ t ~
1 k a i l ma:;s I i i l ~ i n t . e r p r e t . a s i . H e n u r o t S o e p a r t i n i( l n s o ) ,
ha1 t e r s e h ~ j t . d a p a t d i a t a s i d e n g a n p e m i l i h a n n e t o d ee k s t r a k s i y a n g d a p a t n e m b e r i k a n k o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i s a n g a t
n y a t s d a n t e r t i n g g i s e r t a d e n g a n a e n g a d a k a n k a l i b r a s i
k a l i u n t e r e k s t r a k d e n g a n r e s p o n t a n a m a n d i l a p a n g .
Aria b e b e r a p a m e t o d e yarig b i a s a d i g u n a k a n unt.uk
n e n e t a p k a n k a l i u m t e r s e d i a d a l a n t a n a h . S e t i a p n e t o d e
y a n e d i p a k a i n e m b e r i k a n a n g k a y a n g b e r b e d a u n t u k t a n a h
y a n g s a n a , s e h i n g g a p e r l u d i p i l i h c a r s n a n a y a n g p a l i n g
b a i k u n t u k n e n d u g a k e t - e r s e d i a a n k a l i t i n .
B e r d a s a r k a n u r a i a n d i a t a s , maka p e n e l i t i a n i n i
b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e m i l i h m e t o d e e k s t r a k s i K y a n g t e r b a i k
u n t u k b e b e r a p a j e n i s t a n a h d i Jawa y a n g d i k o r e l a s i k a n
d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g d a n s e r a p a n k a l i u m o l e h
K a l i u m m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u u n s u r d a r i k e t i g a u n s u r
m a k r o yarig p e n t i r k g b a g i t a n a m a n . X e n u r u t T i s d a l e dan
N e l s o n ( 1 H 7 5 ) k a l ium t a n a h d a p a t d i b e d a k a n d a l a m t i g a
t)c!ntrtk, y s it.u ( 1 ) r e ' a a t . i f t.idak t e r s e d i a , ( 2 ) t e r s e d i a
se~:ai-a Lambat. darl ( 3 ) s e g e r a t e r s e d i a , d i n a n a d i a n t a r a
k e t . i g a r l y n t.errlspn1. rfalam k e s e i m b n r i g a r ~ . B e n t u k k a l i u n y a n g
!<<:&?era t e r s n d i u t.ertlapal. d a l a m l a r u t a n t a n a h d a n t e r i k a t
parla k ~ m p l t ~ k s J e r a p ~ ~ r i t a n a h . B e n t u k k a l ium y a n g t e r s e d i a
: ; e c a r a l a m b a t r~mr>urrys t i i t p a t t e r s e d i r t d a l a m w a k t u y a n g
I e b i t t l a m b a t L c t a p i uutiatr t - e r s e d i a j i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n
d e n g a n k a l i u m d a l a a m i n e r a l p r i m e r , b e n t u k i n i b i a s a n y a
d i f i k s a s i o l e h m i n e r a l l i a t .
H e n u r u t T i s d a l e , N e l s o n d a n B e a t o n ( 1 9 8 5 ) , f a k t o r -
f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i k e s e i m b a n g a n k a l i u n d a l a n t a n a h
a d a l a h : ( 1 ) t i p e k o l o i d t a n a h , ( 2 ) t e m p e r a t u r , ( 3 ) pemba-
s a h a n d a n p e n g e r i n g a n d a n ( 4 ) r e k a s i t a n a h . T i p e k o l o i d
b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n kenampuan f i k s a s i k a l i u m
.
F i k s a s imaksinum t e r j a d i p a d a t a n a h d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n m i n e r a l l i a t
t i p e 2 : 1 s e p e r t i m o n t m o r i l o n i t d a n i l i t , s e d a n g k a n
t a n a h - t a n a h y a n g n e n g a n d u n g m i n e r a l k a o l i n i t umunraya
s e d i k i t m e n g i k a t k a l i u m ( S o e p a r d i , 1983). S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n h a 1 i t u , h a s i l s t u d i C h a n g dan F e n g ( 1 9 5 9 De
D a t t a , 1 9 8 1 ) d i T a i w a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h n a f i k s a s i t e r h a d a p
t a n a h y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i b a t u a n b e r p a s i r a g a k n a s a n d a n
e n d a p a n shale, s e r t a t i n g g i p a d a t a n a h b e r k a p u r .
S u m b e r k a l i u m t a n a h a d a l a h m i n e r a l primer f e l d s f a r ,
b i o t i t , n u s k o v i t d a n f l o g o p i t . K a d a r k a l i u m t a n a h d a n
p e n b e b a s a n n y a t e r g a n t u n g d a r i j u m l a h m i n e r a l - m i n e r a l
r e t e r s e b u t , d e r a j a t p e l a p u k a n , i k l i m d a n k e t a h a n a n
o i r ~ e r a l t e r h a d a p p e l a p u k a n . D i a n t a r a m i n e r a l - m i n e r a l
t c r s e b u t y a n g p a l i n g mudah d i l a p u k a d a l a h b i o t i t , m u s k o v i t
rixn yarrg p a l i n g s u k a r x d a l a h f e l d s f a r ( T ~ s d a l e , N e l s o n d a n
Hc:at.orr
,
1985)P a d a t u n a t i s a u a h j e r a m i o e r u p a k a n s u m b e r k a l i u m y a n g
t i d a k b o l e h d i a b a i k a n k a r e n a l e b i h d a r i 80 Z; k a l i u n y a n g
d i s e r a p Lanaman b e r a d a p a d a b a g i a n v e g e t a t i f . Kadar
k a l i u n d a l a m j e r a n i m e n u n j u k k a n t i n g k a t s e r a p a n k a l i u n
o l e h t a n a m a n . B a t a s k r i t i k k a d a r k a l i u m d a l a m jerami s a m a
a t a u k u r a n g d a r i 1 p e r s e n (Von U e x k u h l , 1 9 7 6 )
B e b e r a p a f a k t o r k i m i a d a n f i s i k a t a n a h y a n g m e n p e n g a -
r u h i k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u a a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h j e n i s m i n e r a l
1 i a t
,
k a p a s i t a s t u k a r k a t i o n , k e l e n b a b a n t a n a h , a e r a s i,
s u h u t a n a h , r e a k s i t a n a h , k a p a s i t a s f i k s a s i k a l i u n d a n
j u n l a h k a l i u m y a n g d a p a t d i p e r t u k a r k a n . K a d a r k a l s i u m d a n
-
m a g n e s i u m y a n g t i n g g i p a d a t a n a h b e r k a p u r d a p a t m e n p e n g a -
r u h i k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u m ( L e i a a k a b e s s y , 1 9 8 8 ) .
K e a d a a n b a s a h d a n k e r i n g secara b e r g a n t i - g a n t i p a d a
k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l . i u m . P e n g e r i n g a n t a n a h - t a n a h d e n g a n
k a l i u m t . e r s e d i a r e n d a h d a p a t m e n a i k k a n k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i -
um, s e b a l i k n y ~ p a d a t a n a h - t a n a h d e n g a n k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u m
t i n g g i d a p a l mentirunkan k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u m ( D o l l d a n
1 1 ; a s 153Sl4 )
'I'($r$;t:cl rlJrtyn ku J lum rj;*Inu 1.anat1 t e r g e r ~ a n g le b i h b e s a r
r a I : a a Konri i s i r e d u k s i . y a n g d i s e b a b k a n
r r g g : r a r ~ i ~ ~ mt~rryt?habki~rr bc::;;~rrryn f r s k s i i o n - i o n f e r r o ,
narBgilno r j i t r r R B ~ O ~ S i r j w i y a n g n k a n m e r ~ g g a n t.j kan i o n K + d a r i
k~ra1p1r:k:; jc:rripnrr s e t ~ i r r g g a a k n n d i d a p a t . k n n k a l i u m l a r u t .
i I m . I I I t i Ha I i n i menyebnbkan k a l ium t e r s e d i a
t)agi t.nrri*sr2in p a d i 1 e t l i lr barryak
,
t.et.api barryak j u g a y a n ghi l.ang kr3rena t e r c n c i (Nan-Rong S o , 1 9 7 6 ) . H e n i n g k a t - n y a
k o n s e n t r n s i k a l i u a y a n g d a p a t l a r u t s a n g a t n y a t a p a d a
!.anah b e r p a s i r y a n g n e n g a n d u n g b a h a n o r g a n i k t i n g g i d a n
s e d i k j t p a d s t a n a h l i a t d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n b a h a n o r g a n i k
r e n d a h ( IRK1
,
1 9 6 4 ) .M e n o r u t S o e p a r d i (1983) k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u m j u g a
d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h adanya k e s e i n b a n g a n a n t a r a k a l i u m t i d a k
d a p a t d i p e r t u k a r k a n , k a l i u m d a p a t d i p e r t u k a r k a n d a n
k a l i u m d a l a m l a r u t a n t a n a h . S e l u r u h k e s e i n b a n g a n t e r s e b u t
secara s k e m a t i s d a p a t d i g a n b a r k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
K - t i d a k dapat > K-dapat > K - l a r u t a n d i t u k a r < d i t u k a r
<
t a n a hP e m b e r i a n p u p u k k a l i u m d a l a m j u m l a h t e r b a t a s p a d a s a a t
k a l i u n y a n g l a r u t d i i k a t o l e h k o l o i d a l t a n a h , a k i b a t n y a
k e s e i m b a n g a n b e r g e s e r k e k i r i d a n s e b a g i a n d a r i k a l i u m
dapat d i p e r t u k a r k a n d i u b a h n e n j a d i t i d a k d a p a t d i p e r t u k a r -
k a n . Dengan d e n i k i a n k e t e r s e d i a a n k a l i u m a k a n t e r g a n g g u
u n t u k s e m e n t a r a , k a r e n a k a l i u n y a n g t e r i k a t l a n b n t l a u n
a k a n d i u b a h k e m b a l i m e n j a d i b e n t u k t e r s e d i a .
Ha1 sama j u g a . d i k e m u k a k a n o l e h T i s d a l e d a n N e l s o n
( 1 9 7 5 ) y a n g menyat.akan bahwa b e b e r a p a k a l i u m y a n g d i t a m -
b a h k a n s e h a g a i p u p u k d a p a t d i f i k s a s i o l e h L i a t m e n j a d i
b e n t u k y e n g t i d a k t e r s e d i a , k a r e n a e d a n y a k e s e i m b a n g a n
ant.ai-a bertt,ok beni.nk k a l ium d i d a l a m t a n a h
J11rn1at1 k a l jum % . a n a h umumnya c u k u p t . i n g g i y a i t u a n t . a r a
44 0 0 0 - 67 0 0 0 kg KZO/ha; t e r d i r i d a r i k a l i u m l a r u t d a n k a l i u n d a p a t d i t u k a r 1-2 I , k a l i u m t e r f i k s a s i 1-10 I d a n
k a l i u m d a l a n b e n t u k m i n e r a l 8 0 - 9 0 I d a r i t o t a l k a l i u m y a n g
-
a d a d a l a n t a n a h ( B u c k n a n d a n B r a d y , 1969). H a s i n g - n a s i n g
b e n t u k k a l i u n t e r d a p a t d a l a n k e s e i m b a n g a n y a n g d i n a n i s .
Kandungan k a l i u m t o t a l d a l a n t a n a h m i n e r a l umumnya
c u k u p besar d i b a n d i n g k a n u n s u r h a r a l a i n k e c o e l i p a d a
t a n a h b e r p a s i r . H e n u r u t D e D s t a (1981) h a n y a 1 - 2 X d a r i
k a l ium total t a n a h m i n e r a l t e r s e d i s h a g i t a n a n a r ! d a l a a l a r u t a n t a n a h a t a u s e t a g a i k a l i u n d a p e f d j p e r t u k n r k a n pada
k a l o i d t a n n h D a l n n k e a d a a n t e r t e n t u k a l i u w yang d i b e r i -
k a n d i r j k s a s i o l e h k v l o i d t a n a h u i e n j s d i t i d a k t e r s e d i a
7
M i:. T i1 : : I 1 r ( 1 9 7 5 ) s e c a r a umun p e r a n a n
: r k a l illffr t . t : ~ - l e l ; a k p a d a n e t a h o l i s m e t a n a m a n y a n g b e r -
t i n d a k s e b a g a i a k t i v a t o r a t . a u k a t a l i s a t o r d a r i berbagai
r e n k s i e n z i n . I o n k a l i u n n e m p u n y a i p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p
t i n g k a t s n kantitlngan R i c t r a t . a r a n g d a l a m t u m b u h a n , s e h i n g g a
t i c r ~ g a r ~ dcmi k iart t ~ r ~ s n r k a l i u m e s s e n s i a l d a l a m p e n b e n t u k a n
h i d r a t . a r a r l g d a n i . r a n s l . o k a s i g u l a . Patia t a n a m a n s e r e a l i a
t ~ r t s u r i n i t l i p e r l u k a r i s e u n k t t i p e n g i s i n n b u l i r ( S o e p a r d i ,
1983
3
.D a l a i T i h u b u n g a n n y s d c n g a n f u n g s i d a l a m t r a n s l o k a s i
k a r h o h i d r n t : , k e k u r a n g a n k a l i u n n e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a
a k u n u l a i k a r b o h i d r a t p a d a d a u n ( R i n s e m a , 1 9 8 3 ) . K a l i u m
j u g a b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p k u a l i t a s h a s i l t a n a m a n p a d i
k a r e n a k a l i u m n e r u p a k a n u n s u r y a n g b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i
p e n d o r o n g p e r k e n b a n g a n p r o t e i n (Team P e m b i n a U j i T a n a h ,
1976).
K a l i u m d i s e r a p secara t e r u s n e n e r u s s a n p a i a k h i r
p e r t u m b u h a n dan t i d a k t e r j a d i t r a n s l o k a s , i k a l i u m d a r i
b a g i a n v e g e t a t i f k e b a g i a n p a n i k e l s e h i n g g a k a d a r k a l i u m
d a l a m jerami l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a d a l a m b i j i . K a l i u m
j u g a c e n d e r u n g m e n g i l t b a n g i p e n g a r u h k e n a t a n g a n b i j i yang
d i p e r c e p a t o l e h f o s f a t . J a d i
u n s u r
k a l i u m b e r p e n g a r u hs e b a g a ' i p e n g i n b a n g t e r h a d a p p e n g a r u h u n s u r n i t r o g e n d a n
8
H e n u r u t I s n u n a d j i ( 1 9 7 6 ) f u n g s i u n s u r k a l i u m y a n g
p e n t i n g b a g i t a n a e a n a d a l a h b e r p e r a n d a l a m m e n g a t u r menbu--
k a d a n m e n u t u p n y a stomata s e h i n g g a p r o s e s f o t o s i n t e s i s d a n
r e s p i r a s i d a p a t b e r j a l a n secara n o r m a l . D i s a m p i n g i t u
u n s u r k a l i u m j u g a d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n k e t a h a n a n p a d i t e r h a -
d a p s e r a n g a n h a a a d a n p e n y a k i t .
T n n a n a n p a d i o e n e r l u k a n k a l i u m d a l a m j u m l a h t i n g g i .
H e n u r u t L e i u a k a b e s s y ( 1 9 8 8 ) Lanaoun m e n y e r a p k a l i u n d a l a m
t>ent.uk
K t
y n n g b e r a s a l d a r i l a r u t a n t a n a h d a n p e r n u k a a nk o l o i d t.ariah S e b n g i a n b e s a r i o n k n l i u m b e r g e r a k d a r i
1 a r u t . m t a n a h k e p e r m u k a a n a k a r m e l a l u i d i f u s i . Daya
d i f u s i i n i s a n g a t t e r g a n t u n g d a r i k e l e m b a b a n t a n a h d a n
g r a d i e n k o n s e n t r a s i a i r .
Kandungan k a l i u n y a n g b a n y a k d a l a m l a r u t a n t a n a h a k a n
d i s e r a p t a n a m a n d a l a m j u m l a h y a n g b a n y a k p u l a . P a d a
t i n g k a t k o n s u m s i b e r l e b i h p e n i n g k a t a n s e r a p a n k a l i u m t i d a k
m e n a i k k a n h a s i l d a n b o b o t t a n a n a n ( S o e p a r d i , 1983). H a l t e r s e b u t b i a s a n y a d i k e n a l d e n g a n i s t i l a h k o n s u m s i b e r l e b i h
( l u x u r y c o n s u m p t i o n ) .
Tanaman p a d i m e n y e r a p k a l i u m selama masa p e r t u m b u h a n -
n y a d a n m e n c a p a i maksimum p a d a
nasa
p r i m o r d i a . J u m l a hk a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a p L e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a n i t r o g e n d a n
9
d i b a g i a n v e g e t a t i f d a n k u r a n g d a r i 20
Z
b e r a d a d i d a l a ng a b a h (Nan-Rong S u , 1 9 7 6 ) .
S e r a p a n k a l i u m d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h b e b e r a p a f a k t o r
d i a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h k n d a r a i r , k a d a r o k s i g e n d a n s u h u
t a n a h . K e n a i k a n k a d a r a i r n e n d o r o n g r e a k s i k e s e t i n b a n g a n
k e k a n a n ( b e n t . u k K ' ) , o e n p z r c e p a t p r o s e s d i f u s i d a n n e -
n a i k a n n i s b a h K/Ca t f ~ n K/Hg cialam 1.arut.an I.anah, s e h i n g g a
s e r a p a n k a l i u m o l e h a k a r t ~ n a n a n n e n i n g k a t ( T h o m a s d a n
n i p p , 1 9 6 8 r A d r i r i g s t , 1 9 8 5 ) .
U e n ~ l r ~ i t Narl-Rong Su ( 1 9 7 6 ) d r a i r l a s e yarig n a k i n membu-
r u k o e n g a k i . b a t . k n r ~ n k t i v i t . a s p e r a k a r a n t e r g a n g g o . K e a d a a n
r e d u k s i s e k i t n r p e r a k a r a n k a r e n a d r a i n a s e y a n g b u r u k
m e n y e b a b k a n 1 : e r j a d i.nya akumii l a s i a s a m - ~ - a s a o o r g a n i k d a n
r a c u n b a g i p e r n a f a s a n a k a r . Hal i n i h e n g a k i b a t k a n t e r j a -
d i n y a h a n b a t a r ~ p e n y e r a p a n h a r a t e r u t a n a k a l . i u n . S e d a n g k a n
n e n u r u t H o w e l l e r ( L 9 7 6 ) , s e l a i n P , Ca d a n Hg, d e f i s i e n s i
k a l i u m p a d a t a n a h s a w a h t e r j a d i s e b a g a i a k i b a t t i d a k
l a n g s u n g d a r i k e r a c u n a n b e s i .
U n s u r n a t r i u m d a n m a g n e s i u m dapat m e m p e n g a r u h i
-
s e r a p a n k a l i u n o l e h t a n a m a n . K a d a r n a t r i u n d a n m a g n e s i u m
y a n g t i n g g i d i d a l a m t a n a h a k a n menekan p e n y e r a p a n k a l i u n
s e h i n g g a s e r a p a n k a l i u m o l e h t a n a m a n n e n j a d i t e r g a n g g u .
H a l i n i b i a s a n y a d i s e b u t s e b a g a i e f e k i o n e o m p l e m e n t e r
U e n u r u t N e l s o n ( 1 9 6 8 ) b a n y a k cara u n t u k n e n e t a p k a n
k a l i u m t e r s e d i a d a l a s r t a r i a h y a n g d i p a k a i s e b a g a i i n d e k s
p e n y e d i a a n k a l i u o o l e h t a n a h . P r a t t (1965) n e n g e n u k a k a n
t>ntiwa c a r n y a n g p a l i n g u n u n d a n b a n y a k d i b a h a s
s e r t a
m e r u p a k a n csra t ~ a k i ~ i n t . e r n a s i . o n a 1 a d a l a h p e n e t a p a n k a l i u m
t e r s e d i a y a n g m e n c a k u p k a l i u m d a p a t d i p e r t u k a r k a n d a n
k s 1 ium t . e r l a r i ~ t . dengarr p e n g e k s t . r a k a m o n i u n sset.at
LL
p H/ 0 . K e i s t i n e u ~ n r i p e n g e k s t r a k i n i a d a l a h e f e k t i v i t a s n y a
urt t t ~ k m e m t ~ a s a h i t a n a h , n e n r ~ k n r k e d u t l u k a n k a t i o n - k a t i o n
d i n t l s o r p s j <far1 notluh d i t ~ k u r d e n g a n n e n g g u n a k a n f o t o n e t e r
n y a l a . K e l e n a h a r ~ r r y a arial.atr a d a n y a kemungki.nan f i k s a s i
o l e h v t ? r n i k u l i t . I'errcuciarr g a r a n s e b e l u n e k s t r a k s i t i d a k
d i s n j u r k a n k a r e n a b i l a k a d a r garam b e r k u r a n g n a k a a d s o r p s i
k a t i o n b e r v a l e n s i d u a a k a n n e n i n g k a t ( S c h o l i e n b e r g e r d a n
S i m o n 1 9 4 5 S o e p a r t i n i , 1 9 7 6 ) .
U e n u r u t B a d a n P e n e l i t i a n d a n P e n g e m b a n g a n P e r t a n i a n ,
b e r d a s a r k a n e k s t r a k s i
t4
N H 4 0 A c s t a t u s k a l i u n t a n a h d a p a td i g o l o n g k a n k e d a l a n l i n a k e l a s y a i t u : ( 0 . 1 , 0.1-0.3, 0.4-
0 . 5 , 0.6-1.0 d a n > 1 . 0 b e r t u r u t - t u r u t s e b a g a i t i n g k a t a n
s a n g a t r e n d a h , r e n d a h , s e d a n g , t i n g g i d a n s a n g a t t i n g g i .
S e d a n g k a n (LPT 1971 S o e p a r t i n i , A r d i , P r i h a r t i n i ,
H a r t a t i k d a n S e t y o s i n i , 1990) u n t u k u r u t a n t i n g k a t y a n g
sama n e m b e r i k a n b a t a s k e l a s : 0 - 1 0 , 1 0 - 2 0 , 20-40, 40-60 d a n
11
S h e n g ( 1 9 6 4 S r i A d i n i n g s i h 1 9 8 5 ) mengemukakan
bahwa u n t u k t a n a h - t a n a h d e n g a n k a p a s i t a s f i k s a s i k a l i u m
r e n d a h , n a k a k a d a r k a l i u m t i d a k d a p a t d i t u k a r m e m b e r i k a n
k o r e l a s i d e n g a n p e r s e n h a s i l y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a
k a l i u n d a p a t d i t u k a r .
H a y e s (19.77) t . e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e r c o b a a n d i r u m a h k a c a
d e n g a n n e n g g u n a k a n 2 0 c o n t o h t a n a h d a r i b e r b a g a i d a e r a h d i
I n d o n e s i a . P c n g e k s t r a k y a n g d i b a n d i n g k a n a d a l a h K - t u k a r
( 1 j , K~.t.ukar ( 11 ) , O l . s e n , HC1 2 5
Z
dam H H 0 7 & p a n a s . Dari k e l imu p e n g e k s t r a k t e r s e b u t . met-ode K - - t u k a r ( 1 ) s e r t a Ol.senm e n b a r i k u ~ ~ n i l u i k o r e l a s i y a n g b a i k d e n g u n s e r a p a n k a l i u n .
S e d a n g k a n d e r l g ~ r l p e r s e n h a s i l t i d a k a d a met.ode y a n g n e n -
b e r i k a n k o r e l a s i y a n g b a i k . H e t o d e K-Olsen m e m b e r i k a n
b a t a s k r i t i s 1 3 0 ppm K Z O S e d a n g k a n h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n
( S h e n g 1 9 6 4 S r i A d i n i n g s i h 1 9 8 5 ) n e m b e r i k a n b a t a s
k r i t i s K-dd 7 0 p p a KzO d a n b a t a s k r i t i s d a l a m jerami 1.70
s a n p a i 1 . 8 0 p e r s e n .
Hasil p e n e l i t i a n y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h S o e p a r d i
( 1 9 7 6 ) n e m b e r i k a n b a t a s k r i t i s 1 6 2 ppm
K
d e n g a n e k s t r a k s iK
N H 4 0 A c p a d a t a n a m a n p a d i b e r u n u r 30 h a r i , s e d a n g k a n S r iA d i n i n g s i h d a n S u d j a d i (1983) m e m b e r i k a n b a t a s k r i t i s 1 5 6
ppm
K
u n t u k e k s t r a k s iK
N H 4 0 A e dm 415 ppmK
u n t u k e k -P e r c o b a a n d i l a k u k a n d a l a n d u a t a h a p y a i t u d i R u a a h
Kaea d n n L a b o r a t o r i u m K e s u b u r a n T a n a h , P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n
T a n a h Hogor
I'ercobnan dimu J a i pada b u l a n Hei 1990 s a m p a i b u l a n
J a n u a r i 1991
Cont,oh t a n a h y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k p e r c o b a a n i n i
d i a n b i l d a r i 10 l o k a s i d i P u l a u Jawa. T a b e l 1 n e n y a j i k a n
rlama-rrwma l o k a s i d a n j e n i s - - j e n i s t a n a h d a r i t i a p p r o p i n s i .
Pupuk y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h u r e a , Z A d a n KC1 d a l a a
b e n t u k l a r u t a n d a n TSP d a l a n b e n t u k s e r b u k . S e b a g a i
t a n a n a n i n d i k a t o r d i g u n a k a n t a n a n a n p a d i
v a r i e t a s
I R - 6 4 ,d a n u n t u k p r o t e k s i t a n a a a n d i g u n a k a n D h a r n a b a s 50 EC
T a b e l 1. N a n a - n a n a L o k a s i d a n J e n i s T a n a h y a n g D i g u n a k a n
N o P r o p i n s i L o k a s i J e n i s T a n a h *
1. J a u a B a r a t T e g a l Waru/Cilamaya A l u v i a l 2 . Jawa B a r a t R a a a m e r t a / K a r a u a n g A l u v i a l 3 . Jawa B a r a t
Cikangkung/Rengasdengklok
A l u v i a l4.
Jawa B a r a t B e n d a / T a n g g e r a n g G l e i s o l 5. Jaaa T e n g a h B a w o n / K l a t e n Regosol6 . Jawa T e n g a h Dempet/Demak G r u m u s o 1
7 . Jaaa T e n g a h S u n g a p a n / P e m a l a m g A l u v i a l
8. Jaaa T i m u r Mardiasri/lgaai G r u m u s o l
9 . Jaaa T i n u r P u n g g i n g / H o j o k e r t o R e g o s o l 10. Jaua T i m u r H a y a n g / J e a b e r
-
R e g o s o l*
S o e p r a p t o h a r d j o . 1 9 6 1 . J e n i s - J e n i s T a n a h d i I n d o n e s i a .P a d a p e r e o b a a n i n i d i g u n a k a n ember p l a s t i k . T i a p
e m b e r d i i s i d e n g a n 5 kg t a n a h k e r i n g u d a r a y a n g t e l a h
d i t u m b u k . T a n a h t e r s e b u t k e m u d i a n d i g e n a n g i a i r , d i a d u k -
a d u k s a m p a i m e l u n p u r d a n d i i n k u b a s i selama 2 n i n g g u .
P u p u k d a s a r y a n g d i b e r i k a n a d a l a h u r e a , Z A d a n TSP
d e n g a n d o s i s 1 5 0 ppm N ( u n t u k u r e a ) , 50 ppm N ( u n t u k ZA)
tian '200 ppm P / p o t P u p u k k a l i u m d a l a m b e n t u k KC1 d i b e r i -
kan s e b a g a i p e r l a k u a n d e n g a n 5 t a r a f y a ~ t u 0 , 2 5 , 50, 1 0 0
d a n 2 0 0 ppm K U r e a , Z A d a n KC1 d i b e r i k a n d a l a m b e n t u k
l a r u t a n , s e d a n g k a n TSP d ~ b e r l k a n d a l a m b e n t u k t e p u n g .
Pemupukan d i b e r i k a n s e h a r i s e b e l u m t a n a m , d e n g a n e a r a
d i a d u k s a n p a i r a t a .
T i a p e m b e r d i t a n a m l 5 b i b i t p a d i y a n g t e l a h d i k e c a a -
b a h k a n d i a t a s k a s a p l a s t i k y a n g d i r e n d a m a i r b e b a s i o n
s e l a n a 8 h a r i .
P e n j a r a n g a n d i l a k u k a n s e t e l a h t a n a m a n b e r u m u r 1
m i n g g u . T i a p p o t d i t i n g g a l k a n 3 t a n a n a n y a n g s e h a t .
S e l m a p e r t u m b u h a n sampai n e n j e l a n g p a n e n , p e r n u k a a n a i r
d a l m p o t d i p e r t a h a n k a n k u r a n g l e b i h 3 e m d a r i p e r m u k a a n
t a n a h .
P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p t i n g g i t a n a r a n dan
j u m l a h a n a k a n p a d a saat t a n a m a n b e r u n u r 4, 8 d a n 12 m i n g g u
14
P a d a n a k t u panen d i l a k u k a n p e n g a n a t a n t e r h a d a p p r o -
d u k s i b a h a n k e r i n g jerami, g a b a h d a n t o t a l t a n a m a n .
Kemudian d i p e r s i a p k a n u n t u k a n a l i s i s s e r a p a n K .
k?xxGQhaan_-
A n a l i s i s k i m i a t a n a h d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p kandungan
K
d e n g a n t l g a n e t o d e y a i t u
L
H N 0 3 p a n a s , H C 1 2 5 I d a nN
NN40Ac pH 7 . 0 . P r o s e d u r d a r i k e t i g a metode t e r s e b u ta d a l a h s e b a g ~ i b e r i k u t :
1
N
NN03 p a n a sKe d a l a m l a b u u k u r 50 m l , masukkan 1 . 0 0 gram c o n t o h
I.nriah ha111s ( < 0 . 5 nm). Tambahkan 10 n l H N 0 3 1
LL
d a nd i d i h k a n d i a t a s h o t p l a t e s e l a m a 10 o e n i t . S e t e l a h
d i n g i r l e n c e r k a n d e n g a n a i r b e b a s i o n h i n g g a t a n d a
t e r a . Kocok eampuran t e r s e b u t d a n b i a r k a n s e n u a
p a r t i k e l t a n a h mengendap. P i p e t 5 n l s u p e r n a t a n k e
d a l a m t a b u n g r e a k s i . Kadar k a l i u m d i u k u r d e n g a n
f l a m p h o t o m e t e r d a n d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n d e r e t s t a n d a r .
2 . HCl 2 5 X
Dua gram e o n t o h t a n a h y a n g t e l a h d i e a m p u r d e n g a n 10 m l
HC1 2 5 X d i k o c o k s e l a m a 5 j a m . Masukkan k e d a l a m
t a b u n g r e a k s i kemudian d i s e n t r i f u s . C a i r a n j e r n i h
d i p i p e t 0 . 5
n l
d a n d i t a m b a h k a n 9.5m l
a i r m u r n i . D a r ih a s i l p e n g e n e e r a n t e r s e b u t d i p i p e t 2.0 m l , t a m b a h k a n
15
K a d a r k a l i u m d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n f l a n p h o t o m e t e r d a n
d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n d e r e t s t a n d a r .
3 . & NHqOAc p H 7 . 0
S e b a n y a k 2 . 5 g r a m t a n a h ( c 2 . 0 a m ) d i e a m p u r d e n g a n 2 . 5
g r a m p a s i r k u a r s n , d i e a s u k k a n k e d a l a a t a b u n g p e r k o l a -
r i i yiirrg t . e l a h d i ' l a p i s i d e n g a n k a p a s d a n p a s i r k u a r s a .
Kemudian d i p e r k o l a s i k a n derrgan a e o n i u n a s e t a t pH 7 . 0
s e b a n y a k 2 x 25 m l . F i l t r a t d i t a m p u n g d a l a m l a b u u k u r
5 0 r o l , d i t r : r a d e n g a n a m o n i u n a s e t a t pH 7.0. F i l t r a t
d i p i p n t 2 . 0 m l , k e m u d i a n d i e n c e r k a n 10 k a l i d e n g a n I,nC13. K a d a r k n l ium d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n F l a n p h o t o m e t e r
d a n d i b a n d i n g k a r i d e n g a n d e r e t s t a n d a r .
Efasil p e n g u k u r a n k a l i u m t e r s e b u t d i k o r e l a s i k a n d e n g a n
r e s p o n t a n a n a n y a n g m e l i p u t i h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g
d a n h a s i l r e l a t i f k a l i u n y a n g d i s e r a p t a n a m a n .
Hasil r e l a t i f t e r s e b u t d i p e r o l e h d a r i p e r b a n d i n g a n
antara
b e r a t k e r i n g a t a u serapan t a n p a p e n b e r i a n k a l i u md e n g a n b e r a t k e r i n g a t a u s e r a p a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n 2 0 0 p p n K .
U n t u k n e n e n t u k a n n i l a i k r i t i s u j i k a l i u m t a n a h d i t e n -
t u k a n d e n g a n
cara
C a t e d a n Nelson ( 1 9 6 5 ) . C a r a m e n e n t u -k a n n y a a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. P a d a k e r t a s g r a f i k d i p l o t sebaran h u b u n g a n antara
16
2 . P a d a s e l e n b a r k e r t a s t r a n s p a r a n d i b u a t s e p a s a n g g a r i s
t e g a k l u r u s y a n g m e n b a g i b i d a n g m e n j a d i e m p a t k u a d r a n
y a i t u k u a d r a n I . 11, 111 d a n I V . K u a d r a n I d a n 111
d i s e b u t k u a d r a n p o s i t i f .
3. L e n b a r a n t r a n s p a r a n t e r s e b u t d i g e s e r h o r i z o n t a l d a n
v e r t i k a l d i a t a s d i a g r a m s e b a r a n p a d a k e r t a s g r a f i k
s a n p a i j u n l a h t i t i k y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a . k u a d r a n p o s i -
t i f s e m a k s j n a l n u n g k i n .
4 . Kedudukan g a r i s v e r t i k a l d a n h o r i z o n t a l p a d a l e n b a r
t r a n s p a r a n d i p i n d a h k a n k e d i a g r a n s e b a r a n . T i t i k
p o t o n g g a r i s v e r t i k a l d e n g a n sumbu X n e r u p a k a n b a t a s
k r i L i s d a r i u j i t a n a h y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n .
Respon b e r a t k e r i n g t a n a n a n t e r h a d a p p e n u p u k a n k a l i u s
d a p a t j u g a d i l i h a t b e r d a s a r k a n n i l a i k o e f i s i e n ' r e s p o n
t a n a n a n . N i l a i k o e f i s i e n t e r s e b u t n e n u r u t Hatar d a n
S a n n a n
(1975)
d i p e r o l e h d e n g a n eara:R k
=
Respon b e r a t k e r i n g tanaman t e r h a d a p pe- n u p u k a n k a l i u mK1,..,
K4
=
B e r a t k e r i n g t a n a m a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n 2 5 , 50, 100 d a n 200 ppm KKO
=
B e r a t k e r i n g t a n a m a n t a n p a pemupukan KD i s a n p i n g i t u d i l a k u k a n j u g a a n a l i s i s t e r h a d a p s i f a t
17
N - t o t , a l , (: r p r g n n ~ k , k a d a r P , t l a s a - h a s a d a p a t d i t u k a r , K T K ,
KI3, H-clrf
.
A i - d d d a n I;e703 b e b a s .Han~:wngnri p e r < : o b a a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n a d a l a h H a n c a n g a n
Ar:nk 1 , e r i ~ k a r t clerlgari I, per l a k i i a n d a n 3 u l a n g a n . H o d e l
p e r c o b a a n n y a n d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
Y i,i - llari i l p e r , g a n a t , a n p a d s p e r l a k u a n k e - i u l a n g a n k e - j
I I N i l i3 i t.nngali h a s i 1 p e n g a n a t a n
'I'i
=-
N i l ~ i t a n b n h s e b a g a i a k i b a t p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a nk e - i
IL
DANHasil a n a l i s i s p e n d a h u l u a n t e r h a d a p b e b e r a p a s i f a t
f i s i k a d a n k i n i a t a n a h d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l Lampiran
1.
D e r d a s a r k a n k r i t . e r i a p e n g k e l a s a n y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n o l e h
I.embaga P e n e l i t i a r r Tanah Bogor s e p e r t i t e r t e r a p a d a T a b e l
1 , a o p i r a n 2 , n a k ~ s i f a t f i s i k a dan k i a i a t a n a h l o k a s i
p e r s e l l t i a n d a p a t d i g o l o n g k a n s e p e r t i t e r l i h a t p a d a T a b e l
L a n p l r a n 3 .
S e c a r a unun t a n a h - - t a n a h Jawa B a r a t ( T e g a l w a r u , Rawa-
n e r t a , Cikangkung d a n Benda) n e m i l l k i k a d a r l i a t y a n g
l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a t a n a h Jawa Tengah (Bawon, Dempet d a n
P e m a l a n g ) d a n Jawa T i n u r ( K a r d i a s r i , K o j o k e r t o d a n Uayang)
s e r t a Jawa Tengah l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a Jawa T i m u r .
T i n g k a t kenasaman n e n u r u n d a r i l o k a s i Jawa B a r a t
( m a s a a ) k e Jawa Tengah ( a g a k n a s a n ) k e a u d i a n J a w a T i m u r
( a g a k nasam k e c u a l i K o j o k e r t o n e t r a l ) . Henurunnya t i n g k a t
k e n a s a n a n i n i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e n u r u n a n k a d a r H-dd,
81-dd d a n Fe203 b e b a s . H a l i n i d i t u n j u k k a n o l e h k o r e l a s i
y a n g s a n g a t n y a t a
antara
pH t a n a h d e n g a n H-dd, 81-dd d a nPe203 b e b a s ( T a b e l L a m p i r a n 4 ) . Disamping i t u b a h a n
o r g a n i k j u g a b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p t i n g k a t kemasaman t a n a h
w a l a u p u n k a d a r n y a y a n g r e n d a h , k e c u a l i T e g a l w a r u t e r g o l o n g
o l e h j u n l a h b a s a - b a s a y a n g s e c a r a u n u n t e r g o l o n g t i n g g i
d a n s a n g a t t i n g g i
K a l i u m t a n a h y a n g t e r u k u r o l e h t i g a m e t o d e a n a l i s i s
m e n b e r i k a n a n g k a y a n g b e r b e d a . H a s i l p e n g g o l o n g a n p a d a
T a b e l L a e p i r a n 3 d a p a t d i l i h a t b a h u a h a s i l a n a l i s i s d e n g a n
e e n t o d e HCl 25 i m e m b e r i k a n g o l o n g a n a t a u k e l a s t e r t i n g g i
d i i k u t i o l e h m e t o d e
H.
H N 0 3 p a n a s k e m u d i a nE
N H 4 0 A c pH 7.0.R a t a - r a t a k a l i u e t a n a h y a n g t e r u k u r o l e h t i g a n e t o d e
e k s t r a k s i d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l 2
T a b e l 2 HasiX P e n g u k u r a n N i l a i U j i
R
y a n g T e r u k u r o l e h T i g a M e t o d e E k s t r a k s i d i S e p u l u h L o k a s i P e n e l i t i a nT e g a l w a r u
R a u a n e r t a
C i k a n g k u n g
B e n d a
B a a o n
Demak
P e m a l a n g
M a r d i a s r i
K o j o k e r t o
p p o
. . .
655
2 3 2
730
116
149
548
7 3 0
174
431
Keterangan: K1
=
LL
HNQ3 p a n a sK2
=
H C l 25%2 0
l'erigilkuran k a l i u m d e n g s n o e t . o d e t( H N 0 3 p a r i a s . HCl
2 5 X d a n kj N H 4 0 A c p H 7 . 0 b e r t u r u t - - t u r u t n e m b e r i k a n h a s i l
a a r a 8 4 - 726 p p n K ( 0 . 2 1
-
1 . 8 6 n e / 1 0 0 g ) , 116-
7 3 0p p n
K
( 0.311-
1 . 8 7 n e / 1 0 0 g ) darr 55 - 2 2 2 ppm K (0.14-
1) : ~ 7 m e / 101) g ) .
t l n s i 1 p e r r g r ~ k o r a r t k a l i r ~ o r j e r ~ e a r ~ met.ode y a n g s a n a u n t u k
s e t : i n p .jen i s t.anah n e n b e r i k a r ~ t ~ a s i J b e r b e d a ( T a b e l 2 ) .
a Ilerl;mr!ya rlapat. d i k u t a k a r ~ batrwa o r r t r ~ k 1.1 a p p e n g e k s t . r a k
y a n g d i f f l ~ r ~ n k a r r , t e n a h a i ~ l v i n l oerlgandung k ~ l i l l n Yang
e .I i , k e o ~ ~ i l i a r l c l i s ~ ~ s r ~ l o l e h r e g o s o l
.
g r u n u s o l . d a n( i l n r s c ~ l
I'arla t~m~rrnr~yn , j ~ > m l ntr k a l irro yartg d a p a l . d i u k u r n i e t r
m e t . o r l e lI(:I 2 : ) % l e b i h b a r ~ y u k j i k a d i b a r ~ d i n g k a n d e n g a n
p e i f i g e k s t . r a k yarlg L a i r l n y a . Ha1 i r ) i d i s e h a b k a n o l e h s u a s a n a
y a n g l e b i h n a s a m j i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p e n g e k s t r a k L a i n
s n h i n g g n l e t > i h o e o u n g k i n k a n i o n - i o n H n e n g a n t - i k a n k e d u -
dtrkarr i o n K t l a r i . k o m p l e k s a d s o r p s i . . H a l i n i s e s u a i d e n g a n
p e n e l i C i a n y a n g d j J a k u k a n o l e h D e p a r t e n e n I l m u - i l n u T a n a h
LPB t a h u n 1 9 7 3 / 1 9 7 4 , b a h u a j u n l a h f o s f o r d a n k a l i u n y a n g
l . e r t % k n r ber1:anhah d e n g a n n a i k n y a d e r a j a t k e n a s a m a n
e k s t r a k t a n .
P e n g u k u r a n k a l i n n d e n g a n n e t o d e
tL
WHO3 p a n a s n e n g h a -s i l k a n a n g k a l e b i h b e s a r d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n e k s t r a k s i
tL
N H 4 0 A e p H 7 . 0 . Hal i n i d i s e b a b k a n o l e h k e m a s a n a n RHO3
l e h i h b e s a r d a r i N H 4 0 A e , s e h i n g g a i o n
K
y a n g dapat d i d e s a kk e l o a r d a r i k o m p l e k s a d s o r p s i l e b i h b a n y a k , d i s a n p i n g
i t u
a f i n i t . a s H + l e b i h b e s a r d a r i p a d a N H ~ + w a l a u p u n sana-sana
Hubungan a n t a r a K - t e r e k s t r a k o l e h metode
B
H N 0 3p a n a s , HCl 25 X d a n
K
N H 4 0 A e pH 7 . 0 d e n g a n s i f a t f i s i k ad a n k i n i a t a n a h y a n g l a i n n y a d i s a j i k a n d a l a n b e n t u k m a -
t r i k s k o r e l a s i p a d a T a b e l L a n p i r a n 4 .
D a r l t a b e l t e r s e b u t t e r l i h a t bahwa f a k t o r y a n g b e r -
p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p j u m l a h k a l i u m t e r e k s t r a k o l e h n e t o d e
K
H N 0 3 parkas, HC1 25 X d a n
I$
N H 4 0 A c pH 7 . 0 d i a n t a r a n y aw d a l a n N - t . o t a 1 , KB d a n H-dd, u a l a u p u n secara s t a t i s t i k
k e t i g a n y a t . i d a k n y a t a
N l t r o g e r ~ y w n g t e r u k u r o l e h m e t o d e u j i t a n a h b l a s a n y a
a d a l a h s e . j u n l a t ~ N - a n o r g a n r k y a i t u d a l a m b e n t u k NO3 d a n
N H ~ ' ( L e i u a k a b e s s y , 1988). I o n a n o n i u n ( N H ~ ' ) s e b a g i a n
a k a n d i a d s o r p s i k o m p l e k s p e r t u k a r a n n e n g g a n t i k a n k e d u d u k a n
i o n k a l i u m (K'). H a l i n 1 a e n y e b a b k a n j u n l a h k a l i u n y a n g
t e r u k u r o l e h n e t o d e u j i t a n a h a k a n n e n i n g k a t . D e n i k i a n
p u l a h a l n y a d e n g a n y a n g t e r j a d i p a d a H-dd, d i m a n a i o n H+
nanpu
n e n g g a n t i k a n k e d u d u k a n K' d a r i k o n p l e k s a d s o r p s i .K e j e n u h a n b a s a a d a l a h n i l a i p e r b a n d i n g a n
a n t a r a
j u m l a h b a s a - b a s a d e n g a n KTK. H a l i n i b e r a r t i b a h w a d e n g a n
n i l a i KTK y a n g t e t a p , k e j e n u h a n b a s a a k a n n e n i n g k a t d e n g a n
H a s i l p e n g u k u r a n b e r a t k e r i n g d a n s e r a p a n
K
j e r a m i ,g a b a h d a n t o t a l t a n a m a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n 0 d a n 2 0 0 p p n
d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l L a n p i r a n 5, 6 d a n 7 .
P a d a u n u n n y a t a n a m a n n e n b e r i k a n r e s p o n n e g a t i f t e r h a -
d a p p e n b e r i a n k a l i u n k e c u a l i u n t u k l o k a s i B e n d a ( G l e i s o l ) ,
Bawon ( R e g o s o l ) d u n K a r d i a s r i ( G r u n ~ i s o l ) p e o b e r i a n k a l i u n
m e n i n g k a t k a n b e r a t k e r i n g g a b a h d a n t o t a l t a n a n a n . S e -
d n n g k a n b e r a t k e r i n g j e r n m l n e n i n g k a t u n t u k l o k a s i B e n d a
( G l e i s o l ) , Bawon ( H e g o s o l ) , S u n g a p a n ( A l u v i a l ) d a n H a r d i -
x s r i ( G r u n u s o l ) . Hal i n i d i s e b a b k a n k a r e n a p a d a l o k a s i
U e n d n , Dnwon d a n H a r d i a s r i t n n a h n y a m e n g a n d u n g k a l i u n
d a p a t d i t u k a r y a n g t e r g o l o n g r e n d a h . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k
l o k a s i y a n g l a i n n y a k a l i u n d a p a t d i t u k a r y a n g t e r u k u r
r a t a - r a t a l e b i h b e s a r d a r i k e t i g a l o k a s i t e r s e b u t .
P a d a u n u n n y a t a n a n a n y a n g d i b e r i k a l i u n n e n y e r a p
k a l i u n l e b i h b a n y a k d a r i p a d a y a n g t a n p a d i b e r i k a l i u n
( T a b e l L a n p i r a n 5 , 6 d a n 7 ) . J u m l a h t o t a l k a l i u n y a n g
d i s e r a p t a n a n a n t a n p a p e a b e r i a n k a l i u n b e r k i s a r a n t a r a
0.17 s a m p a i d e n g a n 1 . 4 6 g r a d p o t . S e d a n g k a n y a n g d i b e r i
k a l i u n s e r a p a n n y a b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 1 . 0 0 s a n p a i d e n g a n 1 . 6 4
g r a m / p o t .
D a r i t o t a l
k a l i u m y a n g d i s e r a ptananan
terse-
K o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i a n t a r a R - t a n a h y a n g t e r u k u r o l e h
1.iga n e t o d e e k s t . r a k s j d e n g a n h a s i l r e 1 a t . i . f b e r a t k e r i n g
: ; e r a m i , g a b a h d a n t o t a l t a n a n a n d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l 3.
' J ' ~ t > e l 3 Koef i s i e n K o r e l a s i a n t a r a H a s i l R e l a t i f H e r a t K e r i n g J e r a o i , Gabah d a n T o t a l 'J'artamart (Iertgart K-t.erekst.rak H e l a l u i B e - b e r a p a C s r a E k s t r a k s i
~ ~ ~ ~ . ~. - ~ ~ . ~ . . ~ . . .. .
K o e f i s i e n K o r e l a s i K-t.erekst,rak d e n g a n
HeI.orie . .. --
I.:k!it.r~ks i H H I i K . ) ~ ? r a n i H K
HK
Gabat1 H H H K T o t a lK e t e r a n g a n : H H
=
H a s i l r e l a t i f HK=
Beret. k e r i n g*
=
N y a t a p a d a t a r a f u j i 5Z
Korelasi a n t a r a h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g j e r a n i .
g a b a h d a n t o t a l t a n a n a n d e n g a n k a l i u n y a n g d a p a t d i e k -
s t r a k s i d e n g a n o e t o d e
K
H H 0 3 p a n a s d a n HC1 2 5 % h a n p i rs a n a . R o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i n y a b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 0 . 4 6 2 s a n p a i
d e n g a n 0 . 6 7 5 . Kedua m e t o d e t e r s e b u t a e n p u n y a i h u b u n g a n .
y a n g n y a t a d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g g a b a h t e t a p i
d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f b e r a t k e r i n g j e r a n i d a n a o t a l t a n a a a n
2 4
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n s e b e l u n n y a y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h R a y e s
( 1 9 7 7 ) m e n d a p a t k a n h a s i l bahwa n e t o d e
B
HNOQ d a n HCl 25 %t i d a k menun j u k k a n k o r e l a s i y a n g b a i k d e n g a n h a s i l r e l a t i f
h e r a t k e r i n g n a l a i , d a u n , b a t a n g o a u p u n t o t a l t a n a n a n .
'I'anhane d a n S u b i . a h d a l a n Kayes ( 1 9 7 7 ) j u g s t e l a h
m e n e o h ~ m e n g k o r e l a s i k a r i e m p a t m a c a m n e t o d e o j j t a n a h
d e n g a n r e s p o n t a n a n a n p a d i p a d a b e h e r a p a j e n i s t a n a h d a n
