LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AMONG COLLEGE-STUDENTS
TOWARD ENGLISH IN STAI-JM TANJUNG PURA
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora
By:
SYARIFAH HIDAYANI Registration Number: 8146112039
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATED SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN MEDAN
i ABSTRACT
Hidayani, Syarifah. Reg. No 8146112039. Language Attitudes Among College-Students Toward English In STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State University of Medan, 2016.
This study deals with language attitudes among college-students toward English in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. It was aimed to investigate the types of the attitudes among the college-students, the levels of attitudes by the college-students at STAI-JM Tanjung Pura towards English realized and the reason or the factors why do they have the attitude such the way it is. This study used descriptive qualitative method then the design was descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this the college-students from Islamic for Economy Majority (Ekonomi Islam) for second semester in STA-JM Tanjung Pura. The object of this study were the language attitudes of the college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura towards English. The data were analyzed by using the Interactive Model by Miles, Huberman and Saldana. Based on the data analysis, the college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura showed positive attitudes towards English. Then The college-students have positive attitude towards English in the level of receiving, valuing, and organizing values. On the other hand the college-students have negative attitude towards English in the level of responding and internalizing values. The college-students have positive attitude towards English because of some reasons such as: they are proud of speaking in English and they aware of language norms. But on the other hand they are not loyal to use English.
.
ii ABSTRACT
Hidayani, Syarifah. NIM. 8146112039. Language Attitudes Among College-Students Toward English In STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. Thesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan sikap bahasa mahasiswa terhadap bahasa Inggris di STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki tipe-tipe sikap bahasa mahasiswa di STAI-JM terhadap Bahasa Inggris, level sikap mahasiswa STAI-JM Tanjung Pura terhadap Bahasa Inggris dan alasan atau factor-faktor mengapa mereka memiliki sikap bahasa seperti itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari jurusan Ekonomi Islam semester dua di STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. Objek penelitian ini adalah sikap bahasa dari mahasiswa di STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis dari menggunakan Interaktif Model oleh Miles, Hubeman, dan Saldana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, mahasiswa mempunyai sikap positif terhadap bahasa Inggris. Mahasiswa mempunyai sikap positif terhadap bahasa Inggris di level menerima,menghargai dan mengorganisir nilai-nilai. Di sisi lain mahasiswa memiliki sikap negative terhadap bahasa Inggris di level merespon, dan internalisasi nilai-nilai. Mahasiswa mempunyai sikap positif terhadap bahasa Inggris karena beberapa alasan antara lain: mereka bangga berbahasa Inggris dan mereka perduli terhadap norma-norma bahasa. Tapi di sisi lain mereka tidak setia menggunakan Bahasa Inggris.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirahmanirahim,
Praises be to Allah SWT for His Great Blessing, Health and Luck that
have been continuously poured to the writer in the process of completing her
studies and this piece of academic writing. Praises are also addressed to our
Prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us to the better life of today. In the
process of completing this thesis, the writer has to confess her profound
thankfulness for the generous guidance and assistance which has been rendered to
her by many people. It would be impossible to list all names but on this very
special opportunity the writer would like to express her gratitude to the following
people.
First of all, the writer deepest appreciation and gratitude is dedicated to Dr.
Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd her first adviser for the guidance, comments, criticisms,
suggestions and special notes for the improvement of the thesis from the very
beginning up to the end of this thesis.
Next, her deepest appreciation is addressed to Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan,
M.Hum, her second adviser for her available time spent for consultation,
guidance, comment, encouragement, special notes for improvement of the thesis,
and full support in shaping this thesis.
She would like to take this special occasion to express her gratitude to Dr.
Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as the Head and
Secretary of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program for their
administrative assistance and administrative requirements during the process of
iv
Sincere gratitude also to her reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd, Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum and Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed, for their
valuable inputs to be included in this thesis. She would like to express her
gratitude to all lecturers who have given the valuable knowledge and the excellent
performance in delivering the lectures during her study at the English Applied
Linguistics Study.
The gratefulness is given to Dr. H.M. Sofyan LC, MA as the Head of
STAI-JM Tanjung Pura and all staff of STAI-JM Tanjung Pura for administrative
help in requirements process. Next the special thanks for all the college-students
of Islamic Economic Majority (Ekonomi Islam) for help, motivations and support
in the time of collecting the data.
Next, her greatest and sincere gratitude should also go to her beloved
parents Drs. H.Abdul Halim, M.PdI and Dra.Hj.Ainiah, MA, her lovely brothers
M.Syarif Hidayat, M.Sabiq, and Ahmad Farhan who have patiently given moral
support, their never ending love and pray. Special and sincerest gratitude are
addressed to her inspiration, Muhammad Idris, SE for his amazing support, love
and motivation for the writer to finish this thesis soon.
She also would like to express her thankfulness for her beloved friends on
LTBI B-2 and B-1 UNIMED 2014 who can not mention one by one for their love,
support and help to finish this thesis. She offers her regards and thanks to Brother
Farid, who has helped her in providing the academic administration.
Medan, August 2016 The writer,
Syarifah Hidayani
v
CHAPTER II.REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8
2.1Attitudes ... 8
2.2 Language Attitude ... 9
2.2.1. Language Attitudes and Its Characteristics ... 11
2.2.2. Types of Language Attitudes ... 13
2.2.2.1. Positive Language Attitudes ... 13
2.2.2.2. Negative Language Attitudes ... 14
2.2.3. Component of Language Attitudes ... 16
vi
2.3.1. Language Education Policies in Indonesia ... 23
2.4.Relevant Studies ... 25
2.5.Conceptual Framework ... 29
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 32
3.1 Research Design ... 32
3.2 Subjects and Objects of the Research ... 32
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ... 33
3.4 The Techniques for Data Collection ... 34
3.5 The Technique of Data Analysis ... 35
3.6 Trustworthiness of the Study ... 39
CHAPTER IV . DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 42 4.1Data Analysis ... 42
4.1.1 The attitudes among the college-students towards English . ... 44
4.1.2 The levels of language attitudes among the college-students towards English in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura ... 50
4.1.3 The Characteristic of Language Attitude ... 55
vii
5.2 Suggestions ... 65
REFERENCES ... 66
Appendix 1 ... 71
Appendix 2 ... 77
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Pages Table 4.1. The language attitude among
the college-Students towards English
in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura ...44
Table 4.2 The Percentage of Positive and Negative Attitude ...49
Table 4.3 The Percentage of Receiving Levels of Language Attitudes ... 51
Table 4.4 The Percentage of Responding Levels of Language Attitudes ... 51
Table 4.5 The Percentage of Valuing Levels of Language Attitudes ... 52
Table 4.6 The Percentage of Organizing Levels of Language Attitudes ... 53
Table 4.7 The Percentage of Internalizing Values Level of Language Attitudes... 54
Table 4.8 The Indicators of Language Loyalty ... 55
Table 4.9 The Percentage of Language Loyalty ... 56
Table 4.10 The Indicators of Language Pride ... 57
Table 4.11 The Percentage of Language Pride ... 58
Table 4.12 The Indicators of Awareness of the Norms ... 59
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Pages Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework ...31
Figure 3.1 Interactive model of analysis
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix 1 ... 71
Appendix 2 ... 77
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
People use English for international communication more than any other
language in the world. No doubt that English is enjoying a prestigious place as a
global language. English is recognized as the lingua franca for communication
across nations and cultures, and is the most desired second or foreign language in
most countries in the world. There seems to be a consensus among many people
that knowing English and being able to communicate in it can be a vital factor that
can influence their lives as individuals or professionals.
In Indonesia, English is regarded and taught starting from Junior High
School until University Level. At the University level, many non-English
departments require that students take one or two semesters of English for two
hours per week. The widespread use of English has had significant influence on
language policy-making and practices concerning English education in Indonesia.
The selection of the language of instruction is a vital decision for academic
institutes and learners as well.
Some of school and institution use English as medium instruction during
teaching-learning process. Such decisions impacts learners’ academic
performance in all subjects including STAI-JM (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam
Jam’iyah Mahmudiyah) Tanjung Pura especially for Islamic for Economy
majority. In 2015, STAI-JM held a new program that is International Class
2
instruction during teaching-learning process. English is used for every subject
except Islamic subject. The college-students in STAI-JM realize the importance of
English for their future development. They are extrinsically motivated by the
factors such as the desire to get good grades, opportunities to further their study
and career advancement to improve their English.
In fact, even the policy of international class program in STAI-JM has
obliged their college-students to speak English during teaching-learning process in
the class but some of them are still reluctant to use it. Some of them said that it
was difficult for them to speak English in the class even though their class
program requires them to use English as often as possible. For example, when
they held a discussion on such topic in the group discussion, they were still mix
between English and Indonesia.
Situation 1 (the conversation occurred at 15 December 2015). It was made
when a group discussion presented their topic in front of the class. The subject is
Pancasila)
3
Based on the conversation above, it can be assumed that both of presenter
and respondent did not interest in speaking English even they tried to speak
English and mix between English and Indonesia. This phenomenon refers to lack
of ability to preserve his idea through English and may be they have difficulties to
speak English. The problem that was found is about their attitude towards foreign
language in this case English as the medium instruction during teaching-learning
process. It showed that the students have negative attitude toward English.
Negative attitude to language can happen when foreign language is not completely
understand or cannot master by people in conversation. This is happen when
teacher or students gradually abandon to use English in teaching activities in the
classroom. A learner with negative attitudes may deem themselves weak and
possibly give up verbalizing their thoughts or improving their speaking skill.
When compared with the students who hold positive attitude towards speaking, a
significantly greater proportion of students with negative attitude perceived their
levels of oral proficiency as average or lower.” (Zakaria Bziker, 2015)
Attitudes are mental phenomenon which cannot be examined and cannot
be observed directly. But they are manifested in people’s action or reaction
(Baker, 1992). People attitude towards language can be seen from how they think
about the language, how they use the language, with whom, where and how often
they use it. Language attitude studies will determine that people’s attitude towards
language might be positive or negative (Chalak&Kassaian, 2010). Positive or
negative attitude to language can be happen when the people do /do not feel proud
4
mixed language during teaching-learning process in the classroom. (UNESCO,
2003).
Furthermore, the negative attitudes were also shown by interviewing the
college-students.
Student : I like to study English more, because English is International language but I think education tidak harus menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar di dalam kelas. Because for me, Arabic is more interesting than English. Walaupun kadang-kadang I have to speak English in the class.
Based on the interview above, it can be drawn that the student has negative
attitude toward English not only from his explanation but also from his language
use. It also can be seen that the student did not interest in using English during
teaching learning process. He preferred Arabic than English as medium
instruction during teaching learning process. Indeed attitude plays a significant
role in learning a language. It is in line with the theory which stated that second
language learning contexts, factors like age, gender, language background, type of
school attended, and peer influences are some of the variables that influence
language acquisition and attitudes (Merisou-Storm, 2007).
Attitudes of language learners are some of the indicators that affect
language policy and language learning (Snow, 2007; Young, 2006). It is stated
that attitude towards language learning plays a crucial role in language learning as
it influences learners' success or failure. The learner’s language attitude is a key
factor contributing to the learner’s acquisition of the language. Therefore, studies
on attitudes of language learners are of crucial importance for both language
5
Chamber (1999) asserts that learning occurs more easily, when the learner
has a positive attitude towards the language and learning. Student’s attitude is an
integral part of learning and that it should, therefore become an essential
component of second language learning pedagogy. Attitudes toward learning are
believed to influence behaviors such as selecting and reading books, speaking in a
foreign language etc. Especially in education, if the students have positive attitude
towards any subject, they can achieve many things in that specific area. Attitude
can help the learners to express whether they like or dislike the objects or
surrounding situations. It is agreed that the inner feelings and emotions of foreign
language learners influence their perspectives and their attitudes towards the
target language.
Some studies have been conducted to investigate attitudes of learners
toward the English language in different parts of the world (e.g. Butler, 2007;
Deterding, 2005; Friedrich, 2000; Matsuda, 2000; Riney & Inutsuka, 2005;
Scales, Wennerstrom, Richard & Wu, 2006; Timmis, 2002). The overall findings
have shown that learners have positive attitudes toward the Standard English,
which refers to English spoken in the English speaking countries; whereas, they
have negative attitudes toward other varieties of English.
Based on the condition above, the researcher is interested in conducting
the research relates to the language attitudes among college-students towards
English in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. This study takes this topic because the
phenomena of language attitude towards English occur in International Class
6
1.2The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the problem above, the study was focused on
the following problems as follows:
1. What is the attitude of college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura towards
English?
2. How are the levels of attitudes by the college-students at STAI-JM
Tanjung Pura towards English realized?
3. Why do they have the attitude such the way it is?
1.3The Objectives of the Study
According to the problems identification, the objectives of the problem
were:
1. To identify the attitudes of the college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung
Pura towards English.
2. To describe the level of attitudes realization of the college-students in
STAI-JM Tanjung Pura towards English realized.
3. To explain the reasons why the college-students have such attitude
towards English.
1.4The Scope of the Study
This study focused on the attitudes of the college-students towards English
in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura. There were 25 college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung
Pura chosen as the subject of the research. All the subjects were from
7
researcher will focus only to describe the attitudes of the college-students towards
English in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura.
There were three main aspects that observed in this study. First, the
attitude of the college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura towards English.
Second, the levels of attitudes by the college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura
towards English. Third, the reasons why the college-students have the attitude just
way it is.
1.5 The Significance of the Study
Findings of this study were expected to be useful and relevant
theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the findings to provide new
contribution to the theory of the language attitude by college-students which non
English major. In addition, the findings are expected to add more horizons on
language planning issues.
And for practically, the findings were expected to awake of
college-students which non English major to aware the attitude in English language. Then,
the findings were expected to be relevant and useful to language planners,
language practitioners (linguist) and related institutions in efforts to develop the
64
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, there were some important points that can be
concluded, they were:
1. The college-students in STAI-JM Tanjung Pura showed positive
attitudes towards English. There were 17 respondent or 68% of
respondents showed positive attitudes towards English in STAI-JM
meanwhile there were 8 respondents or 32% of respondents showed
negative attitudes
2. The college-students had positive attitude towards English in the level
of receiving, valuing, and organizing values. On the other hand the
college-students had negative attitude towards English in the level of
responding and internalizing values
3. The college-students had positive attitude towards English because of
some reasons such as: they are proud of speaking in English and they
aware of language norms. But on the other hand they were not loyal to
65
5.2 Suggestion
In line with this research, some important suggestions were required to the
other students, the next researchers, and the education authority, they were as the
following:
1. To other researcher, the researcher suggests to find out a new
phenomenon of attitude toward language in another context so it will
produce newest findings of the realization of language attitude.
2. It suggested to the STAI-JM Tanjung Pura to continue the
International Class Program to obtain the college-student needed for
their better future.
3. It also suggested to education authority of policy maker in STAI-JM
Tanjung Pura to give better facilitation, motivation, exercise and
66
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