ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﳌﺍ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮ
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰱ ﺳ
ﻴ ﻮﻴﻤ ﻘﻴﻃ ﺔﻴ ﻞﺋﺎﻜﻴﻣ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
) Michael Riffaterre (
ﺚﲝ
ﻡﺪﻘﻣ ﱄﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻭ
ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ
ﱄﻭﻷﺍ
(S.S)
ﺇ ﺩﺍﺪﻋ :
ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻗ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ :
١٠٦٠٢١٠٠٠٨٤٤
ﺎﺍﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺑ
ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺬﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
٢٠١١ ﻡ
ﺏ
ﺝ
ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺣﺮﺻ
ﺖ ﹼﻥﺄﺑ :
١ .
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺒﺘﻛ
ﺖ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺑ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﺘﻟ
ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ
ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ .
٢ .
ﻞﻛ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﰱ
ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﺪﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺿﻭ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ
ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ
ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺔﻴﻣ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ .
٣ .
ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﲑﻏ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺪﺟﻮﻳﻭ
ﻪﻴﻓ ﻝﺎﺤﺘﻧﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵ
ﲑﻐﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ
ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﺪﻌﺘﺳﺄﻓ ﻥﺃ
ﻢﻠﺘﺳﺃ ﻞﻛ
ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺎﺭﺮﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ
ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ .
،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ
١٣ ﻮﻴﻟﻮﻳ ٢٠١١
ﺮﻤﻗ
ﻩ
ﺮـﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ
،ﻪﻟ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ﻻ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ﷲﺍ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻪﻟﺇ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻬﺷﺃﻭ ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭ ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺍ
ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﺒﺤﺻﻭ ﻪﻟﺁﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﹼﻞﺻ ﻢﻬﻠﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻟﻮﺳﺭﻭ ﻩﺪﺒﻋ ﺍﺪﻤﳏ ﺎﻧﺪﻴﺳ ﹼﻥﺃ ﺪﻬﺷﺃﻭ .
ﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﻦﳌ ﺮﻜﺸﻳ ﻥ
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﰱ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ :
ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﻀﻔﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺘﻋﺍﻭ
ﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻬﻴﺟ ﰱ ﺕﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﻊﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎ ﻰﻐﺒﻨﻴﻓ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻳﺃ ﺍﻭﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﻖﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﲤﻹ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻦﻤـﻓ ،ﻲ
:
١ .
ﺪﻴﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ
ﷲﺍ
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻢﺷﺎﻫ
ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ .
ﻭ
٢ .
ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ
ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﺍﺩﺁﻭ
ﺱﻭﺪﻧﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﻧﺩﺃ
ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﺳﺃ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ
ﻩﲑﺗﺮﻜﺳﻭ ﺓﺭﻮـﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﻬﺟ ﺎﻧﺍﻮﺑ ﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﲑﺘﺴﺟ .
٣ .
ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺭﻮﺴﺑﻭﱪﻟﺍ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﳊﺍ
ﻥﺍﺮﻜﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
ﻯﺬﹼﻟﺍ ﻝﺬﺑ ﻰـﻠﻋ
ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ .
٤ .
ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ
ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ
ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﲜ ،ﺎـﻬﻴﻔﻇﻮﻣﻭ
ﺲﻴﺋﺭﻭ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ
ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻡﻮﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ
ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺎﻬـﻴﻔﻇﻮﻣ
ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﺣﺎﺗﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ
ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻟ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﳛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔـﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
.
٥ .
ﺑﺃ ﻮ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻊﺠﺸﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﲤﻹ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺃﻭ
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺖﹼﻠﺳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻄﻋﺃﻭ
ﺎﻩ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ
ﰱ ﻡﺎﲤﺇ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ .
٦ .
ﻊﻴﲨ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻩﺍﻮﻌﺠﺸﻳﻭ
ﻡﺎﲤﻹ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺃﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﰱ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ
ﻦﻜﳝﻻ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ
ﻢﻫﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﻴﻓ
.
ﻊﻔﻧﺃﻭ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﹼﻞﻛ ﰱ ﻢﳍ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻬﺳﻭ ﻢﳍ ﲑﺧ ﹼﻞﻛ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺄﺳﺃ ،ﺍﺮـﻴﺧﺃﻭ
ﺯ
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﳏ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺃ . ﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻓ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ ...
...
ﺃ
ﺏ . ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻨﳉ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﻜﳊﺍﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ...
. ﺏ
ﺝ . ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
... ...
ﺝ
ﺩ . ﺪﻳﺮﲡ ...
ﺩ
ـﻫ . ﺮﻜﺷ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ...
ﻭ
ﻭ . ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﳏ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
... ...
ﺡ
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
: ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
.. . ... .
١
ﺃ . ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ
... ...
١
ﺏ . ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ
...
٥
ﺝ . ﻟﺍ ﻐ ﺮ ﺽ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ...
٦
ﺩ . ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
...
ﺡ
ﻩ . ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ....
...
٧
ﻭ . ﺔﻄﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ .
...
٨
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ
: ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻟﺍ
ﺮﻌﺸ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ...
١٠
ﺃ . ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ... ... ...
١٠
ﺏ . ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻟﺍ ﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﺴ ﺔﻴ
...
١٨
ﺝ . ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ
ﻟ ﻸ ﺏﺩ ... ...
... ٢٥
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
: ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺟ ﻥﺍﱪ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ... .
... ٣٣
ﺃ . ﻩﺪﻟﻮﻣ ﻪﺗﺄﺸﻧﻭ
...
٣٣
ﺏ . ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ
ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ...
٣٧
١ .
ﻪﺑﺩﺃ ...
٣٧
٢ .
ﻩﺭﺎﻌﺷﺃ ...
٤٤
ﺝ . ﺭﺃ ﺀﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻩﺮﻌﺷﻭ
...
ﻁ
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ
:
ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
... ٦٠
ﺃ . ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
... .
.. ٦٠
ﺏ . ﻧ ﺺ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ... .
... ...
٦٢
ﺝ . ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﲑﻫ ﻳ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴ
)
Heuristic
(
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
...
٦٥
ﺩ . ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ )
Hermeneutic
(
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
... ..
٦٨
ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ
: ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ ... ...
٨١
ﺃ. ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ...
... ..
...
٨١
ﺏ . ﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗ ...
.. ٨٣
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
...
٨٤
ﺃ . ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ...
٨٧
ﺏ . ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ...
١
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺔ
ﺃ . ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻦﻣ
ﻦﻳﺩﺪﺍ ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺷ ﺪﺣﺃ .
ﰱ ﺪﻟﻭ ٦
ﱪﻤﺴﻳﺩ ١٨٨٣
ﰱﻮﺗﻭ ١٠
ﻞﻳﺮﺑﺃ ١٩٣١
. ﻦﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺷ
ﺏﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻌ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ
ﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴ
ﻊﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﳊﺍ
ﰲ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺎﺣﺎﳒ . ﰲﻭ ﺭﻮﺛ ﺗﻪ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺎﲨ
ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﳝﺪﻘﻟﺍ
ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟﺍ
،ﺪ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻪﻟ
ﺮﺛﺃ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺮﻌﺸﻠﻟ ﺀﺍ ﲔﺒﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﻩﺪﻌﺑ . ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺜﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻫﻭ ،ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ .
١ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
-ﻲﺴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﰱ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ
ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻟ ﺓﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻮﻟ
ﺍﺪﺟ .
١
Hartojo Andangdjaja, Puisi Arab Modern, (Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya,
٢
ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ .
ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ
ﺜﲤ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻦـﻳﺪﻬﻋ ﲔﺑ ﻼﺻﺎﻓ ﺍﺪﺣ ﻞ
ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ .
٢ ﻰﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻝﺪﻳﻭ .
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﰱ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺍﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻦﻤﻀﺘـﻳﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ
ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ . ٣ ﱘﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻢﻬﺘﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰱ
ﺮﺠﻬﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺷ ﹰﺍﺰﺠﻋ ﺓﺩﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﺽﻭﺮﻋ ﻦﻋ ﻰﻠﺨﺘﻟﺎﺑ
ﹰﺍﺭﻮﺼﻗﻭ .
٤ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﲎﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ .
ﻰﻫ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ .
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻟ ﺝﺮﺟ ﺮﻛﺬﻳﻭ (Jurij Latman)
ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻫ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻳﻭﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻮﻫ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ .
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻫ ﱴ
٢
،ﺝﺍﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﲨ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻧ ،ﺮﺠﻬﳌﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
) ﺓﺮـﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺩ
،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ١٩٥٧
( ،ﺹ ، ٢٦٩ .
٣
،ﻰﳒﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﰱ ﻞﺼﻔﳌﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ
، ) ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ١٩٩٣
( ﺹ ، ٥٦٢ .
٤
،ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﻯﺮﺨﻓ ﺹﻼﺧﺇ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﳘﻭ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ،ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ١٩٩٢
( ﺹ
٢١٣ -٢١٤ .
٣
ﺊﺷ ﻞﻛ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇﻭ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺻﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ .
ﺔﻳﻭﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧﻭ
ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻟ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺩﻷﺍ ﻊﻔﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻫ .
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﰱﻭ
ﻻﻭﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ﺐﻳﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻴﻓ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ .
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﱴﺣ ﺐﻳﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺮﻀﳛ ﰒ
ﺍ ﻥﻷ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻴﻓ ﱮﻳﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻤﹼﻠﺴﺗ ﺪﻗ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟ
ﲎﻌﳌﺍ . ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻓ )
ﻞﻛ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﺕﻼﺻﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻡﻮﻳ (
ﻰﻤﺴﻳ "
ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ " (Meaning) .
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻣﻭ
ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ "
ﻯﺰﻐﳌﺎﺑ "
(Significance) .
٥ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰱ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ –
ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﺔﺟﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ . ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ .
ﻮﻫ ﺓﺭﻮﻬﺸﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﻜﻴﻣ
ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ (Michael Riffaterre)
ﺪﻗﺎﻧ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ
ﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻖﻤﻌﺗ
ﻧ ﺔﻳﺮﻈ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﰲ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍ . ٦ ﻭ ﻑﺮﻋ
ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﲔﺘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ
،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
٥
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ﺹ٢٠٤-٢٠٥.
٦
http//en. Wikipedia. Org/wiki/Michael_Riffaterre. ١١١٤ AM ١٧ Dec.
٤
ﳘﻭ ﺎ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ
ﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﺀﺓ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﻫ (Heuristic)
ﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﻗ
ﺀﺓ
ﻫ ﲑ ﻣﻴ ﻨﻴ ﻘﻴﻄ ﺔﻴ (Hermeneutic) .
٧
ﺪﻘﻧ ﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰱ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺾﺒﻘﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺻﺍﻭ ،ﰉﺩ
ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰱ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺾﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻜﻳﺩﺎﻓ ﺲﻜﻠﻴﻓ "
ﻰﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ "
(Konkretisasi) .
٨
ﻰﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﺰﹶﻛﺮﺘﻳ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ،ﻰﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻮﻟﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﳚ .
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﲑﻓ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰱ
ﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
ﻰﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ .
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻬﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ ﻞﺋﺎﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﺴﺳﺄﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ
٧
Michael Riffaterre, Semiotics Of Poetry, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ١٩٨٤), ﺹ ٥-٦.
٨
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
٥
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﻫ (Heuristic)
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗﻭ (Hermeneutic)
. ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺍﻭ
ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻷ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻩﺮﺜﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺐﻧﺎﲜﻭ ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ .
ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﻴﺳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰱ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﺖﲢ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ :
ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ "
ﳌﺍ ﺐﻛﺍﻮ "
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ :
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰱ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻣ
ﻜﻴ ﺋﺎ ﻞ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
(Michael Riffaterre)
ﺏ . ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ
ﻝﻮﺣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺤﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻪﺜﲝ
" ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ "
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ .
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰱ ﺡﺮﻄﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ
ﻮﻫ : ﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﲎﻌﻣﺎﻣ ؟ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍ
.
٦
ﺝ . ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ
ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧﻭ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪـﻴﺼﻗ .
ﺩ . ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺪﻗ ﺪﺟﻭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺚﲝ
ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﰱ
ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻪﺒﺘﻛ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻰﻤﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻜﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﲢ
" ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺮﻌﺷ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ )
ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ "(
ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺝﺮﺧﻭ ،
ﺔﻨﺳ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ٢٠١٠
.
ﺎﻣﺃ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﻰﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ
ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻧﺃ
ﻪ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ
ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ .
٧
ﺑﻟﺎ ﺚﺤﺒ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ
ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻞﹼﻠﲢ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻫﻭ ،
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﲨ ﻩﻮﺟﻭ
،ﻝﺎﻴﳋﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺏﻮﻠﺳﻷﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ
ﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻒﺸﻜﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳ
ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﻭﺎﻨﺛ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ
.
ﻩ . ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﻣﺃ ﺎ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﱯﺘﻜﳌﺍ . ﻲﻫﻭ ﻊﲨ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺍﻭ
ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﺎﳍ ﺔﻠﺻ
ﻉﻮﺿﻭﻮﳌﺎﺑ .
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﰒ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ ﻞﺋﺎﻜﻴﻣ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
(Michael Riffaterre) ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﳍﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻠﻟ
(Heuristic)
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ (Hermeneutic)
. ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺎﺑﻟ
ﻥﺃ ﻰﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﳍﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘ
ﺎﺑ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻟ
ﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻟ ﺐﺴﲝ ﰉ
ﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎ
ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻝ )
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ (
٨
ﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺩﺍﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺎﻛ ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻝﻼﺧ ﰱ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ
ﲔﺳﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻊﺿﻮﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻟﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺻﻮﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺍ .
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ ﻰﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﳍﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻀﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺃﺪﺒﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ
ﻯﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺺﻧ ﲎﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺠﺘﻳ ﰒ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ .
ﻰﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ
ﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺗ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺑﻭ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺮﻘﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ .
ﺪﻘﻓ ﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ
ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺻﺃ ﻩ ﺎﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﰱ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
ﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ﺎ ﺖﲢ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ :
Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
ﻭ . ﺔﻄﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺘﻟﻭ ﻥﻮﻜ ﺬﻫ ﻩ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺒﻟﺍ ﺚﺤ ﺎﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺎﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻓ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﺴﻘ
٩
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ :
ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺧﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ .
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ :
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﲢﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،
ﻟ ﺏﺩﻸ .
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ :
ﻩﺪﻟﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﲢﻭ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞـﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﺔـﳎﺮﺗ
ﺎـﻬﻨﻋ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣﻭ ﻪﺗﺄﺸﻧﻭ .
ﻊـــــــﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ :
ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﳛﻭ
ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺺﻧﻭ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ
ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﳉ ﺐـﻛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺼﻗ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ ﻞﺋﺎﻜﻴﳌ ﺔﻴﻘ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﳍﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ (Heuristic)
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﳍﺍ (Hermeneutic)
١٠
ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ :
ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﲢ ﱴﻟﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﺧ ﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﻊ
١١
ﻰـﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﺃ . ﺮـﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺯﻮﳌﺍ
ﻰﻔﻘﳌﺍ ﱪﻌﳌﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺪـﺒﻟﺍ
ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ
ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﻠﺒﻟﺍ
.
٧
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺪـﻨﻋ
ﲔﻴﺿﻭﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺯﻮﳌﺍ
ﻰﻔﻘﳌﺍ ﹰﺍﺪﺼﻗ
.
ﻥﻮﻘﻘﶈﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ
ﺀﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﺼﳜ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﻥﻭﺯﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻔﻘﳌﺍ
ﱪﻌﳌﺍ
ﹰﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻝﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻊﻳﺪـﺒﻟﺍ
.
٨
ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻦﺑﺍ ﻥﻭﺪﻠﺧ ﻮﻫ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ
ﻎﻴﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﳌﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻑﺎﺻﻭﻷﺍﻭ
ﻞﺼﻔﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺄﺑ
ﺔـﻘﻔﺘﻣ ﰱ
ﻥﺯﻮﻟﺍ
٧ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻧ ،ﺲﻴﺑﻮﻟ ﺍ
ﲔﻌﳌ ﰱ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻪـﳜﺭﺎﺗﻭ
) ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺩﻵﺍ ﺏﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
،ﺎﺗﺮﻛﺎﺟ ٥ ٢٠٠ ( ، ﺹ . ٥
٨ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻹﺍ ﺭﺪﻧﺎﻜﺳ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣﻭ ،ﻰـﻧﺎﻨﻋ
ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﰉﺮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻪﳜﺭﺎﺗﻭ
) ﺓﺮـﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ
١٣
ﺎﻬـﺑ ﻝﺎﻄﺑﺃ
ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺃﻭ ﻞــــــﹼﺜﳝ
ﹼﻞﻛ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺩﺆﻳﻭ ﻪﺘﻤﻬﻣ
ﺯﱪﻳﻭ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ
ﻥﻮﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ
ﺩﺎﻤﻋﻭ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﻰﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ
ﻦـﻴﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺃ
ﲔﻔﻠﺘﳐ .
١١
ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﰉﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﻮﻫ ،ﺀﺎﻨﻐﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ
ﻦﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﹼﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻳ
ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻝﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻯﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍ
.
١٢
ﻢﺴﻘـﻨﻳﻭ ﺮﻌﺷ
ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺈﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋ ﻪـﻠﻜﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻀﻣﻭ
ﱃﺇ ،ﻡﺎـﺴﻗﺃ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺚﻴﺣ ﻪﻠﻜﺷ ﻢﺴﻘـﻨﻳ
ﱃﺇ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻰﻫ ،ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺮﻌﺷ
ﻡﺰـﺘﻠﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻳ ﻥﺯﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔـﻴﻓﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ
. ،ﱏﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺷ
ﻞﺳﺮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻖﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻆﻔﺘﳛ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﻹﺎﺑ
ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﺪﻴﻘﻳ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ .
،ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
ﺮﻌﺷ ﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﺜﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺮﳊﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻯﺬﹼﻟﺍ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﻳﻻ ﻥﺯﻮﺑ
ﻰﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻓﺎﻗ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﻪﻟ
ﻊﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻥﺯﻭﻭ ﲔﺻﺎﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﳜﻻ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻣ
ﺮﺜﻧ ﰊﺩﺃ ﻊﻴﻓﺭ .
١٣
١١
Mas’an Hamid, Ilmu Arudl dan Qawafi, (Surabaya: Al-Ikhlas, ١٩٩٥), cet. Pertama, ﺹ٦٦-٦٩.
١٢ ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﺐﻳﺎﺴﻟﺍ
ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ
، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍ ١٩٦٤ ( ، ﺹ ٣١٣ .
١٣
١٤
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺘﺴﻳ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﺃ ﺓﺮـﻴﺜﻛ
ﻰﻫﻭ :
١٤
١ .
ﺔﺳﺎﻤﳊﺍ :
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻤﳊﺍ
ﻮﻫ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﺪﺠﳝ ﺔﻟﻮﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﲎﻐﺘﻳﻭ
ﺔﻋﺎﺠﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺼﻳﻭ
ﺔﻟﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻛﺭﻭ
ﻞﻴﳋﺍ ﺽﻮﺧﻭ ﻙﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ
ﺔﻟﺯﺎﻨﻣﻭ ﺀﺍﺪﻋﻷﺍ
ﻥﻮﺻﻭ ﱘﺮﳊﺍ
ﺬﺧﻷﺍ ﺭﺄﺜﻟﺎﺑ
ﺾﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻝﺎﺘﻘﻟﺍ .
٢ .
ﺡﺪﳌﺍ : ﻮﻫ ﲑـﺒﻌﺗ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺏﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺡﺪﻤﳌﺎﺑ
ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇﻭ
ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ،ﺓﺮﻴﳋﺍ
ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻨﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﺼﳋﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ
ﻰﻠﺤﺘﻳ ﺎﻬـﺑ
،ﺡﺪﻤﳌﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺎﻓ
ﻪـﻨﻔﺑ ﺐﺒﶈﺍ
ﱃﺇ ﺱﻮﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺯﱪﻳ
ﻚﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﰱ
ﺏﺍﻮﺛﺃ ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺯ
ﺐﺠﻌﺗ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ
ﻊﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ .
٣ .
ﺎﺛﺮﻟﺍ ﺀ : ﺀﺎﺛﺮﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﱪﻌﻳ ﻦﻋ ﻰﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﺰﳊﺍﻭ
،ﱂﻷﺍﻭ
ﺯﱪﻴﻓ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻪــــﺴــﻴﺳﺎﺣﺃ
ﺕﺎﺠﻠﺧﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ
ﻩﺎﲡ
،ﺪﻴﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﲟﺭﻭ
ﺩﺪﻋ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ
ﺓﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ
ﻒﺼﺘﻳ ﺎ
١٤ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻧ ،ﺲﻴﺑﻮﻟ ﺍ
ﲔﻌﳌ ﰱ ﻷﺍ ﺏﺩ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻪـﳜﺭﺎﺗﻭ
) ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ
١٥
ﺖﻴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﺎﺠﺷ ﻡﺮﻛﻭ
ﻭﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ ،ﻞﻀﻓﻭ ﹰﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃﻭ
ﻊﻓﺪﻨﻳ
ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﻮﳌﺍﻭ .
٤ .
ﺀﺎﺠﳍﺍ :
ﺎﺠﳍﺍ ﺀ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻂﺨﺴﻟﺍ
ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ
ﰱ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺃ
ﺪﺋﺎﺼﻗﻭ ﱪﻌﺗ
ﺎﻤﻋ ﺲﳛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ
،ﻮﺠﻬﳌﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ
ﺪﳒ
ﺮﻌﺷ ﺀﺎﺠﳍﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﻳ
ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻣﺬﻟﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﺘﻳ ﺎ
ﻮﺠﻬﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻣﺮﻳ ﺎ ،ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﺬﻬﻳﻭ
ﺀﺎﺠﳍﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻥﺄﺷ
ﻢﺼﳋﺍ .
٥ .
ﻒﺻﻮﻟﺍ :
ﻒﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ
ﻂﻴﳛﺎﻣ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺎﺑ
ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻣﻭ
ﻩﺍﺮﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻭﺃ
،ﲑﻃ ﺯﺮـﺒﻳ ﻚﻟﺫ
ﰱ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺃ ﺪﻗ
ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ
ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﻡﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺎﻓ
ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ
ﺔﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﺓﺮﻘﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺸﺣﻮﻟﺍ
ﻢﻴﻠﻈﻟﺍ ،ﺐﺋﺬﻟﺍﻭ
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻒﺻﻭ ﻙﺭﺎﻌﻣ
ﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ
ﻙﺭﺎﻌﻣﻭ ،ﻝﺎﺘﻘﻟﺍ
ﻒﺻﻭﻭ ﻝﺎﲨ
ﺔﻌـﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃﻭ
،ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ
ﻉﺮﺑﻭ ﰱ ﻒﺻﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻘﻟﺍ
ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺣ ﺍ
ﻢﻣﻷ
١٦
٦ .
ﻝﺰﻐﻟﺍ : ﻮﻫ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻳ
ﻪﻴﻓ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻗﻮﺷ
ﻪﺳﺎﺴﺣﺇﻭ ﻩﺎﲡ
،ﺓﺃﺮﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﻭ
ﻪﺑﺎﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﻡﻻﻵﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﺎﻫﺪﺑﺎﻜﻳ
ﺀﺎﻘﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
،ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻌﻳ ﺭﻮﺼﻳﻭ
ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﲨ
ﺓﺃﺮﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﳛ
ﰱ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﺭﻮﺻ
ﻝﺎﻤﳉﺍ .
ﹰﺍﲑﺜﻛﻭ ﺎﻣ
ﱪﻌﻳ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺷ ﻝﺰﻐﻟﺍ
ﻦﻋ
ﺓﺭﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﻥﻮﺴﳛ ﺎ
ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻘﻓ
ﺪ ،ﺐﻴﺒﳊﺍ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻝﺰﻐﻟﺍ
،ﹰﺎﻔﻴﻔﻋ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﹰﻼﻓﺎﺳ
ﹰﺎﺣﻮﺠﳑ ﹰﺎﻴﻓﺎﻨﻣ
ﻕﻼﺧﻸﻟ
ﺔـﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ .
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻟ
ﺔﻠﺻ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺎﺑ .
ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﻮﻫ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﰱ
ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ
،ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍﻭ
ﻢﺴﻘﻨﻳ ﱃﺇ
ﲔﻋﺮﻓ ﲔﻣﺎﻫ
ﺎﳘ :
١٥
١ .
ﻉﺎﻘﻳﻹﺍ :
ﺱﺭﺪﻳﻭ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ
ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﺘﻣ
ﻰﻋﺪﺗ
ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﺔـﻌﻄﻘﻟﺍ
. ﻥﺍﺰﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻘﻳﻹﺍ
ﰱ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻪﻟ
ﺔﺛﻼﺛ
ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻰﻫ
:
٣/٤ ٢/٤ ٤/٤
،ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﻋﺎﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻰﺛﻼﺜﻟﺍﻭ .
ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﳒ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻋﻭ ﻥﺃ ﲏﻌﻧ
١٥ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﺒﻋ ﲎﻐﻟﺍ ﺪﳎﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺮـﻴﻛﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺹﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﺒ
،
) ﻥﺎﻤﻋ :
ﺔﺴـﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻕﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ
١٧
ﺽﻭﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﰱ ﺎﻬﻠﺑﺎﻘﻳﻭ ،ﲔﺘﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻑﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻞﻛ
ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻠـﻴﻌﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﺔـﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰉﺮﻌﻟﺍ :
ﺝﺰﳍﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ
) ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺝﺍﺰﻫﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ’
ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻠﻴﻋﺎﻔﻣ ‘(
ﺚﺘﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،
) ﺕﺎﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﺚﺘﺟﺍ ’
ﺕﻼـﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ‘(
ﻉﺭﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ،
) ﺕﺎﻋﺭﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ ’
ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻴﻋﺎﻔﻣ ‘(
ﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺐﻀﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﺮﺤﺒ
) ﺍﻮﻠﻌﻓ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺐﻀﺘﻗﺍ ’
ﻦﻠﻌﺘﻔﻣ ﺕﻻﻮﻌﻔﻣ ‘
.( ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻦﻣ ﰒ
،ﻥﺍﻮﺛ ﺙﻼﺛ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻑﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺔـﻠﲨ ﲏﻌﻳ ،ﻲﺛﻼﺜﻟﺍ
ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻌﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻰﻫﻭ :
ﺪﻳﺪﳌﺍ
) ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺪـﻳﺪﳌ ’
ﻦﺗﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﺗﻼﻋﺎﻓ ‘(
،
ﺮﻓﺍﻮﻟﺍ ) ﻞﻴﲨ ﺎﻫﺮﻓﺍﻭ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﲝ ’
ﻔﻣ ﱳﻠﻋﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻟﻮﻠﻌﻓ ﱳﻠﻋﺎ
‘( ،
ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ )
ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻞﻤﻛ ’
ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻣ
ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻣ ‘(
ﺰﺟﺮﻟﺍ ، )
ﻞﻬﺴﻳ ﺮﲝ ﺯﺎﺟﺭﻷﺍ ﺮﲝﺃ ﰱ ’
ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ
ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ‘(
ﻞﻣﺮﻟﺍ ، )
ﺕﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺔـﻳﻭﺮﺗ ﺮﲝﻷﺍ ﻞﻣﺭ
’ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﺗﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﺗﻼﻋﺎﻓ ‘(
ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ، )
١٨
ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ’
ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ‘(
ﺮﺴﻨﳌﺍ ، ﺡ
) ﻪﻴﻓ ﺡﺮﺴﻨﻣ
ﻞـﺜﳌﺍ ﺏﺮﻀﻳ ’
ﻦﻠﻌﺘﻔﺘﻣ ﺕﻼﻌﻔﻣ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ‘(
ﻒـﻴﻔﳋﺍ ،
) ﺕﺎﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﻔﺧ ﺎﻔﻴﻔﺧﺎﻳ ’
ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﺗﻼﻋﺎﻓ
ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻓ ‘
.( ﻑﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﺔـﻠﲨ ﲏﻌﻳ ،ﻰﻋﺎﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﰒ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺑﺭ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻰﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻮﺛ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ
ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻌﻔﺘﻟﺍ :
ﻞﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ )
ﻞﺋﺎﻀﻓ ﺭﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻪﻟ ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ’
ﻦﻟﻮﻌﻓ
ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻟﻮﻌﻓ ﲔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻣ ‘(
ﻂﻴﺴﺒﻟﺍ ، )
ﻂﺴﺒﻨﻳ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ﻂﻴﺴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻞﻣﻷﺍ ’
ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺘﺴﻣ ‘(
ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ، )
ﻦﻋ
ﻝﻮﻌﻓ ﻦﻟﻮﻌﻓ ﻦﻟﻮﻌﻓ ﻦﻟﻮﻌﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ‘
.(
٢ .
ﻢﻐﻨﻟﺍ : ﻦﺸﳋﺍﻭ ،ﻞﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺩﺎﳊﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﲎﻌﻳﻭ
ﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ،ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺻ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺶﺟﻷﺍ ﺓﱪ
ﻦﻳﻮﻠﺗﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﻪـﻀﻔﺧﻭ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻞﺜﻣ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻢـﻐﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﺍﱪﻨﻟﺍ
١٩
ﺎﳘﻭ ﲔﻣﺎﻫ ﲔﻤﺴﻗ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﺴـﻘﻨﺗ :
ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ
ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍﻭ .
ﻟﺍ ﻢﻐﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻘﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺊﺷﺎﻨ
ﰱ ﻒﻠﺗﺄﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺟﺭﺎﳐ ﺪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺎـﺠﺴﻧﺍ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﺎﻔﺻ :
ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻐﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ،ﺏﺮﺷ ،ﺃﺪﺑ
ﰱ ﺎﺎﻔﺻﻭ ،ﻑﻭﺮﳊﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﳐ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ :
ﱪﻄﺻﺍ ،ﻊﺠﻄﺿﺍ ،ﺏﺮﻄﺿﺍ .
ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﻹﺍ ﻰﻫ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ،ﻲﺿﻭﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺓﺪـﻴﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻴﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻳﺎ ﰱ ﺭﺮﻜﺘﻳ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﳊﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻱﻭﺮﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ .
١٦
ﺏ . ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔـﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﹼﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
(Semiotic)
ﰲ ﺱﻮﻣﺎﻗ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﻣﺎﻘﻛ
ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﻢﻠﻌﺑ
ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ .
ﺰﻟﺭﺎﺸﺗﻭ ﺱ
. ﺱﲑﺑ
(Charles Sander Pierce)
ﰲ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ )
ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ (
ﺪﻗ ﻑﺮﻋ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
١٦ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﺒﻋ ﲎﻐﻟﺍ ﺪﳎﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺮـﻴﻛﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺹﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ
،
،
) ﻥﺎﻤﻋ :
ﺔﺴـﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻕﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ
٢٠ (Semiotic) . ١٧ ﱂﻭ ﺮﻜﺘﺒﻳ ﺱﲑﺑ (Pierce) ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺎﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻨﻋ ﻞﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻠﻃﺃ ﻥﻮﺟ ﻙﻮﻟ ) John Locke ( ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﻻﻻﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻉﺮﻔﺘﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ،ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﻙﻮﻟ ) Locke ( ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ . ١٨ ﺪﺟﻮﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ " ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ " ﰲ ﺐﺘﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﻘﻧﻭ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﺡﻼﺻ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻢﻠﻌﺑ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳﻭ . ﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻰﻫ ﺮﻌﻣ ﺏ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ (Semiotic) ﱵﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﺑ (Semiotic) . ﻭ" ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ) "
Semiologi ( ﻲﻫ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﺎ ﺪﻧﺎﻨﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺩ ﲑﺳﻮﺳ
(Ferdinand De Saussure)
ﰲ ﺲﻧﺮﻓ . ﻊﻣﻭ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺎﺑ " ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ " ﱴﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻌﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ . ﻦﳑﻭ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ " ﻮﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﺭﺍﺪﻨﻜﺳﺍ ﺪﺒﻋﻭ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﱃﺎﻌﺑ . ﺓﺮﺜﻜﻟﻭ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ١٧Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ﺹ١٩٣.
٢١
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ
ﺡﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﺡﻼﺻ
ﻞﻀﻓ ﻥﺃ
ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ
ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
)
Semiologi
( ﻂﻘﻓ ﻰﻜﻟ ﻻ ﻢﻬﻔﻳ ﺀﻰﻄﺨﳌﺎﺑ .
١٩
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻱﺃ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ
ﻦﻋ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ .
٢٠
ﻝﺎﻗﻭ ﺕﺭﺁ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺔﺳﻭﺯ
(Aart Van Zoest)
ﹼﻥﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻮﻫ
ﺚﲝ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻣﻭ
ﺎ ﻞﺼﺘﻳ ﺎ
ﺎﻫﺪﺋﺍﻮﻔﻛ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺻﻭ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ
ﺎﳍﺎﺳﺭﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻭ
ﻦﲟ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ .
ﻞﻴﻗﻭ ﹼﻥﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻮﻫ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻦﻋ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍﻭ
ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃﻭ ﺔﻳﺰﻣﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ .
٢١
ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﻒﻇﻮﺗ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﲢﻭ
ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻ
ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﲎﻌﳌﺍﻭ
ﻦﻣ
ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ
،ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻟ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﰱ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ
،ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﻭ ﻞﺑ
ﰱ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ
ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﱴﺷﻭ
ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﹰﺎﻀﻳﺃ
. ﻰﻬﻓ ﺰﻛﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺎﻬﺠﺋﺎﺘﻧﻭ
ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻦﻣ
١٩
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ﺹ١٩٣.
٢٠
Alex Sobur, Semiotika Komunikasi, (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya,
٢٠٠٤), ﺹ١٢.
٢١
٢٢
ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ
ﱐﺍﻮﻴﳊﺍ ،ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ
ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺮﺜﻛﺄﺑ
ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ
ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ
ﹰﺍﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﹰﺎﻜﺑﺎﺸﺗﻭ
ﹰﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ
ﺔﻐﻟ ﲑﻃﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻋ
ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﻐﱡﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺑﻭﺮﺜﻧﻷﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺳﻮﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺔﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍﻭ
ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭ
ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﱠﻄ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍﻭ
ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ .
٢٢
ﹼﻥﺇ ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ
،ﻥﻭﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﻦﻳﺮﹼﻜﻔﳌﺍ
ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﺤﻠﺼﻳ
ﻥﺃ ﺍﻮﻤﺴﻳ ﺪﺋﺍﺮﺑ
ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ : ﺎﳘ ﺰﻟﺭﺎﺸﺗ ﺱ
. ﺱﲑﺑ
(Charles
Sander Pierce)
ﺪﻧﺎﻨﻳﺩﺮﻓﻭ ﻱﺩ
ﲑﺳﻮﺳ )
Ferdinand De Saussure
( ﻥﺍﱪﺘﻌﻳﻭ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺲﺳﺆﲟ .
٢٣
ﺪﻗ ﺎﻣﺎﻗ ﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﱢﻜﺒﳌﺍ
-ﻥﻭﺩ ﻯﺃ ﺼﺗﺍ ﻝﺎ
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ
ﻢﻏﺮﺑ ﺎﻤﻬﻠﻤﻋ
ﰱ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ
-ﰱ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻝﺍﺰﻳﻻ ﺡﺮﻄﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍﻭ
ﺎﻣ ﺐﻌﺼﻳ ﻪﺴﲪ
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎ
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﻞﺼﺘﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ
ﺔﻐﱡﻠﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﺪﺘﲤ
ﺐﻌﺸﺘﺗ ﻚﺑﺎﺸﺘﺗﻭ
ﻲﻄﻐﺘﻟ ﻞﻛ
ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ
ﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻛﻮ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ .
ﺍﺫﺇﻭ
٢٢
،ﺐﻏﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﺒﻧ
،ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ
) ،ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﳒﻮﻟ ٢٠٠٣
( ﺹ ، ٣٦٥ .
٢٣
٢٤ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻰـﻔﻨﻐﻴﺳﻭ ) Signifie ( ﻐﻟ ﺔ : ﺓﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ . ٢٥ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﲑﺳﻮﺳ ) Saussure ( ﺩﺪﺣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﰱ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻟﻭ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ . ٢٦ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻒﻟﺄﺗ ﻱﺩ ﲑﺳﻮﺳ ) Saussure ( ﰱ ﻢﻠﻋ ،ﺕﺎﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﲑﺑﻭ ﰱ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﲨﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﲑﻏ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ . ﻞﻌﻟﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺩﺯﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺗ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﱡﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﺟﺮﻳ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺩ ﲑﺳﻮﺳ ) Saussure ( ﺎﻫﺎﲰﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ " ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ "، ﰱ ﺣ ﲔ ﺎﻫﺎﲰﺃ ﺱﲑﺑ (Pierce) " ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ " ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹﺎﺑ . ﺪﻗﻭ ﱠﻞﻇ ﻥﺎﲰﻻﺍ ﹰﺎﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺪﲢﺍ ﺖﲢ ﻢﺳﺍ " ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ "، ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﻪﺗﺬﺨﺗﺍ " ﺔﻴﻌﻤﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻠﻟ "، ﱴﻟﺍ ﺕﺪﻘﻌﻧﺍ ﰱ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﰱ ﺮﻳﺎﻨﻳ ١٩٦٩ ﻊﻣﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﰱ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﲔﻓﺩﺍﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﲔﻳﻭﺎﺴﺘﻣﻭ ﰱ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﹰﺎﻣﺎﲤ . ﺢﺿﻮﻳﻭ ﻝﻮﺑ ﻭﲑﺟ ﰱ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ " ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ " ١٩٧١ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺩ ﲑﺳﻮﺳ ) Saussure ( ﺱﲑﺑﻭ (Pierce) ﻥﺃ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺰﱠﻛﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ٢٥
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ﺹ.١٩٦-١٩٩.
٢٦
٢٥
ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ
ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻠﻟ ﰱ
ﲔﺣ ﺰﻛﺭ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ
.
٢٧
ﺪﻗﻭ
ﺖﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻞﱠﻏﻮﺘﺗ ﰱ
ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ .
ﰱﻭ ﻝﺎﳎ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍ
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻣ
ﺔﻘﺴﺘﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﻭ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﻞﻛ
ﻦﻣ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍﻭ
،ﺔﺼﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺄﺑ
ﺔﻌﺑﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺓﺪﺣ ﺚﻴﲝ
ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟ
ﺎﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺮﻌﺸﻠﻟ
ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻤﻠﻟ
ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺛﻭ ،ﺔﺼﻘﻠﻟ
ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟ ﱂ
ﺪﻘﻔﻧ ﺔﻠﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻ
ﺭﻮﶈﺎﺑ ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﰱ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ .
٢٨
ﺝ . ﻳﺮﻈﻧ ـ ﺔ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴ ﻸﻟ
ﺏﺩ
ﻥﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ .
٢٩
ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ
ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟ
ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺐﻳﺩﻷﺍ .
٣٠
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ
٢٧
،ﺐﻏﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﺒﻧ
،ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ
) ﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﳒﻮﻟ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟ
٢٠٠٣ ( ﺹ ، ٣٦٧ .
٢٨
،ﺐﻏﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﺒﻧ
ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ ،
ﺹ ٣٧٠ -٣٧١ . ٢٩
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
٢٦
ﰲ ﻉﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﻚﻠﲤ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻌﲡ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺎﻴﺑﺩﺃ . ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ
ﻲﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﱴﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﳍ
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ
ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﰊﺩﻷﺍ . ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ
ﰲ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﺑ
ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ
ﱃﻭﻷﺍ .( ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﰲ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﲎﻌﻳ ﻦﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺼﻳ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻪﻟ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ
ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﰱ
ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﻰﻤﺴﻳﻭ ﰲ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﺑ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ
.(
٣١
ﻥﺇ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ
ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ
ﺎﳘ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ .
٣٢
ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ
ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
ﺔﻠﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﺑ
ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ .
ﻻﻭ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺼﻔﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ
ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﹼﻥﻷ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﺐﹼﻛﺮﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﱴﻟﺍ
ﺎﳍ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ . ﲑﻐﺑﻭ
٣٠
Siswantoro, Metode Penelitian Sastra Analisis Struktur Puisi, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ٢٠١٠), ﺹ٣٣.
٣١
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ﺹ١٢١.
٣٢
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
٢٧
ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣﻭ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻼﻓ
ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻧ ﻥﺃ
ﻢﻬﻔﻧ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣ
ﻼﻣﺎﻛ .
٣٣
،ﻥﺫﺇ ﹼﻥﺇ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﺑ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻮﻫ
ﻲﻌﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﻋ ﻰﻠ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ
ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ
ﹼﻥﺃﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻮﻫ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻌﺗﻭ
ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﳌﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ
.
٣٤
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﳓ
ﱃﺇ
ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ
ﻢﻬﻔﻨﻟ ﻚﻠﺗ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺬﻟﺍ
ﻂﺑﺭ ﰲ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ .
٣٥
ﹼﻥﺇ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻰـﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﲰ
" ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ "
(Meaning)
ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﰱ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﲰ
" ﻯﺰﻐﳌﺎﺑ "
(Significance) .
ﻯﺮﻳﻭ ﺵﲑﻫ
)
Hirsh
( ﹼﻥﺃ ﻝﺎﳘﺇ ﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍ
ﻎﺑﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﻥﺃ
ﲎﻌﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲـﺑﺩﻷﺍ
ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻦﻣ
ﺪﻗﺎﻧ ،ﺪﻗﺎﻨﻟ ﻦﻣﻭ
ﺮﺼﻋ
،ﺮﺼﻌﻟ ﻞﺑ
ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻒﻟﺆﳌﺍ ﻪـﺴﻔﻧ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﻷ
. ﻲﻜﻟﻭ ﺐﻠﻐﺘﻳ
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻳ
ﺔﻗﺮﻔﺗ ﲔـﺑ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ
(Meaning)
ﻯﺰﻐﳌﺍﻭ
(Significance) ،
ﻯﺮﻳﻭ
٣٣
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ﺹ١١٨
٣٤
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, ﺹ١٤٢
٣٥
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
٢٩ ﻯﺰﻐﳌﺍﻭ ﻭﺫ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﻙﺮﺤﺘﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺮـﻴﻐﺗ ﻕﺎﻓﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻪـﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﻈﺗ ﻪﺘﻛﺮﺣ ،ﺎﻫﺪﺷﺮﺗﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺬﻜﻫ ﺐﳚ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻌﻔﺗ . ٣٧ ﺖﻓﺮﻋﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻰﻬﻓ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻴﻳﲑﻫ ) Heuristic ( ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ ) Hermeneutic ( ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ) Retroactive ( . ٣٨ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺮﺼﻧ ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ﺪـﻳﺯﻮﺑﺃ ﺎﺃ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻣ ﲑـﺴﻔﺗ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﹰﺎﺼﻧ ،ﹰﺎﻴﳛﺭﺎﺗ ﻡﺃ ﹰﺎﺼﻧ ،ﹰﺎﻴﻨﻳﺩ ﻡﺃ ﹰﺎﺼﻧ ﹰﺎﻴﺑﺩﺃ . ٣٩ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﻫ ) Heuristic ( ﻮﻬﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻟﺍ ﺺﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ . ٤٠ ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ ) Hermeneutic ( ﻮﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺺﻨﻠﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻠﻠﲢ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ) Heuristic ( ، ﻑﺪﳍﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ٣٧ ﺮﺼﻧ ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ،ﺪﻳﺯﻮﺑﺃ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺏﺎﻄﳋﺍ ،ﻰـﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﺎﻨﻴﺳ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ١٩٩٣ ( ، ﺹ ٢٢١ ٣٨
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ﺹ١٢٣.
٣٠
ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻛﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺨﳌﺍ
.
٤١
ﹼﻥﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻮﻫ
ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﻪﻟ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺹﺎﺧ
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻨﺑ
.
٤٢
ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﻳ
ﱃﺇ ﲔﻤﺴﻗ :
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ،ﺮﺜﻨﻟﺍﻭ
ﺎﳘﻭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ
. ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﺜﻨﻟﺍ : ﺔﺼﻗ ،ﺓﲑﺼﻗ
ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻟ
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻗ . ﺏﺩﻸﻟ ،ﻉﻮﻧ
ﺍﺬﻟ ﻪﻠﻠﺤﺘﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
،ﻪﻋﻮﻨﺑ ﻮﻟﻭ
ﻥﺎﻛ ﰲ ﺃﺪﺒﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ .
ﻦﻴﺑ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﻥﺃ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺬﻨﻣ
ﻦﻣﺯ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﱴﺣ ﻥﻵﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻳ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ
ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻺﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ .
٤٣ ) ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻗ
ﺚﲝ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
(Riffaterre)
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﻋ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ
ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻥﺃ
ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﰲ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﺜﻨﻟﺍ .(
ﺡﺮﺷﻭ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﰲ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ
٤١
Sukron Kamil, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab, Teori Kritik Sastra Arab
Klasik dan Modern, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, ٢٠٠٩), ﺹ٢٢١-٢٢٢.
٤٢
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ﺹ١٢٢.
٤٣
٣١
" ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
" Semiotics of Poetry
ﻦﻋ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ .
ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻰﻠﻳ :
ﹼﻥﺇ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰉﺩﻷﺍ
ﻫ ﻮ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ
،ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ
ﲑﻐﺑ
،ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ
٤٤
ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ
،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻯﺮﻳﻭ
ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﹼﻥﺃ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺑ
ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ
ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ
ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ،ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻎﻳﺯﻭ
ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍﻭ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ
.
٤٥
١ . ﻯﺃﺭ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﹼﻥﺃ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ
ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ
" ﺓﺭﺎﻌـﺘﺳﻻﺍ "
)
Metaphor
(
ﻭ " ﺔﻴـﻨﻜﻟﺍ "
)
Metonymy
( .
ﺃ ﺎﻣ
" ﺓﺭﺎﻌـﺘﺳﻻﺍ "
)
Metaphor
(
ﻰﻬﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﳌﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻻ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ
،ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ
: ﻑﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﳌﺍﻭ
ﲑﻏﻭ ﺎﳘ .
٢ . ﺡﺮﺷ ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﹼﻥﺃ ﻎﻳﺯ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ
ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺃ :
" ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻍﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ
"
)
Nonsense
(
ﻭ" ﻰﻀـﻗﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ "
)
Contradiction
(
٤٤
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
Penerapannya, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, ١٩٩٥), ﺹ١٢٤.
٤٥
٣٢ ﻭ" ﻢـﻫﻮﻟﺍ " ) Ambiguity ( . ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﺐﺒﺳ " ﻟﺍ ﻢـﻫﻮ " ) Ambiguity ( ﹼﻥﻷ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻐﻟ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ،ﻒﻋﺎﻀﺘﻣ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻭ ﰱ ﺔﻐﻟ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ . ﺐﺒﺳﻭ ﻡﻼﻛ " ﺪﻗﺎـﻨﺘﻟﺍ " ) Contradiction ( ﻥﻷ ﺔﻐﻟ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻼﳋﺍ . ﻭ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔـﻀﻤﻠﻐﻟﺍ " ) Ironi ( ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻪﺴﻜﻋ . ﻭ " ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻍﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ " ) Nonsense ( ﻮﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻻ ﻚﻠﲤ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻐﻠ ﻪﻧﻷ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻕﺬﻏ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ " ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻍﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ " ) Nonsense ( ﻚﻠﳝ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ . ٣ . ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ،ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻟ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺺﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻻ ﻚﻠﳝ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻞﺑ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻪﻟ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻯﺃﺭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﰉﺩﻷﺍ ﹼﻥﺃﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻴﺼﻗﻭ ﺓﺪـ . ٤٦ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺪﻗ ﻖﺒﺳ ،ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﹼﻥﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻴﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻹﺍ ( . ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ) ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻫ ﺎﻨ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺎﺑ ( ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ،ﲔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﳘ : ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﺴﻳﲑﻫ ٤٦
Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan
٣٣
)
Heuristic
(
ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻣﲑﻫ
(Hermeneutic)
، ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻣ
ﻮﻬﻓ ﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﺀ
ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻃﻮﻴﻤﻴﺳ
ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ
. ﻯﺃﺭ
ﲑﺗﺎﻔﻳﺭ
)
Riffaterre
(
ﻥﺃ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﲎﻌﻣ
ﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ
ﻮﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ
ﻥﻷ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﳍ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻞﻠﲢ ﻰﻄﻌﺗﻭ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ
ﻪﻨﻣ .
٤٧
٤٧
٣٤
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻪﺑﺩﺃﻭ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ
ﺃ. ﻩﺪﻟﻮﻣ ﻪﺗﺄﺸﻧﻭ
ﰲ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﺪﻟﻭ ﺸﺑ ﺓﺪﻠﺑ
ﻱﺮ ٦ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
١٨٨٣ .
ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦ ﻱﺮﺸﺑ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻭﺃ ﺎﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻌﺑﺭﺃ
-ﺒﻟ ﻥﺎﻨ ﺔﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻳﺭﻮﻴﻧ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺮﺧﺁﻭ
ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ .
ﺪﻟﻭ ﺎﻤﻠﻗ ﻦﻳﻮﺑﺃ ﻦﻣ ،ﻕﺎﻓﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺎﻛ
ﻴﺴﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺏﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻂ
،ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﺒﺟ ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻗﺎﻧ
ﻲﻀﻘﻳ ﺗﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ
ﹰﺍﲑﻜﺳ ﻪ ،
ﹰﺎﺑﺮﻫﻭ ﺏﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻓﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺔﻴﻛﺫ ﺓﺮﺑﺪﻣ ﺔﳊﺎﺻ ﻡﺃﻭ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺖﻠﲪ ﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻻﻭﺃ ﻦﻄﺳﻮﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺖﻠﺣﺭﻭ
ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﻟ
ﺔﺣﺍﺭ ﻦﻣﺆﺗ ﺩﻻﻭﻷﺍ
٣٥
ﺩﺎﳊﺍ ﻯﺪﺘﻌﻳ ﻻ ﻥﺍﱪﺟﻭ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻳﺮﻣﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳﻭ ،ﻥﺍﱪﺟﻭ ﺱﺮﻄﺑ ﺓﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﻳ
ﻦﻣ
ﻩﺮﻤﻋ .
٤٥
ﻞﺧﺩﺃ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ
ﻦﻄﺳﻮﺑ ﰲ ﻴﺴﻨﻳﻮﻛ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ
ﺎ ﺳﺮﻟﺍ ـ ﺔﻴﻤ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ، ﹰﺎﻓﻮﻐﺷ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺃﺪﺒﻓ
ﻦﻳﺭﻮﺼﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﱃﺇ ﺩﺎﻋ ﰒ
ﺔﻤﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﲟ ﻖﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻭ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ
. ﻒﻐﺷﻭ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﺑ
ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺭﺍ
ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ
ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻘﻨﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻉﺎﻄﻗﻹﺍ
ﱃﺇ ﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،
ﻊﺠﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻦﻄﺳﻮﺑ ﺕﻮﲟ
ﺐﻠﻗ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻪﻣﺃﻭ ﻪﻴﺧﺃ ﰒ ﻪﺘﺧﺃ ﺓﺎﺳﺄﳌﺍ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺷﺎﻋ
ﹰﺎﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻖﻠﻄﻧﺍ ﹰﺍﺭﻮﺼﻣﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺠﻋﺄﻓ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻛﲑﻣﺃ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺓﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﻱﺭﺎﻣ
،ﻞﻜﺳﺎﻫ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺏﺎﻫﺬﻠﻟ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻋﻭ ﻪﺘﻌﺠﺸﻓ
ﻟﺍ ﻦﻓ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺮ
ﻲﻘﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻢﺳ
ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺙﻼﺛ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﳊﺍ ﻢﺻﺍﻮﻋ ﺭﺍﺯ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ
ﰲ ﻦﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ
،ﻥﺪﻨﻟﻭ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺮﺑﻭ ﺐﺠﻋﺄﻓ ﻪﺸﺘﻴﻧ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻃﺍﻭ
ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺮﺛﺃﻭ ،ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻔﺑ
ﻱﺰﻴﻠﻜﻧﻹﺍ )
ﻚﻳﻼﺑ .(
٤٦
ﻰﻜﳛ ﺬﺧﺃﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺔﺼﻗ ﻩﺬﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﺴﻳﻭ
٤٥
،ﺲﻳﺮﺧ ﻢﻴﻌﻧ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﺀﺎﺑﺩﻻﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﲑﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) ﺕﲑﺑ : ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
، ١٩٩٠ ( ، ﺹ ٦٠ .
٤٦
،ﺲﻳﺮﺧ ﻢﻴﻌﻧ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﺎﺑﺩﻻﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﲑﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺀ
) ﺕﲑﺑ : ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،
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ﹰﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻗﻮﻔﺗ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻩﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺍﱪﺟ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ،
) ﻚﻳﻼﺑ (
ﺡﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﻃﺇﻭ ﻞﻣﺄﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻠﻴﻣﻭ
ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﺴﻨﻳ ﺩﺎﻜﻴﻟ ﱴﺣ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ
ﰲ
ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﺃ .
٤٧
ﻪﺗﺩﻮﻋ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﰒ ﻦﻄﺳﻮﺑ ﱃﺇ
ﻙﺭﻮﻳﻮﻴﻧ ﱃﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺮﺼﻧﺍ
ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ،ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍﻭ
ﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ
: " ﻞﻴﳝ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻠﻴﻣ ﻡﺪﳍﺍ ﱃﺇ ."
ﻩﺪﻨﻋ ﺕﺯﺮﺑﻭ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻇﻭ ﻪﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﺕﺭﺮﻜﺗ
ﺓﺪﻋ ﰲ ﻻﺎﻘﻣ
ﺕ ﺔﻠﳎ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺮﺸﻧ
) ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ( ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﻜﻧ .
ﺒﺗ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﻪﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﻮﻠ
ﺲﺳﺃ ﻲﻔﻗﺎﺸﻟﺍ )
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ (
ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﺋﺭﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻔﻟﺄﺗ
: ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻧ ﻞﻴﺋﺎﺨﻴﻣ ،ﺩﺍﺪﺣ ﺢﻴﺴﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋﻭ
،ﺏﻮﻳﺃ ﺪﻴﺷﺍﺭﻭ
ﺩﺍﺪﺣ ﺓﺭﺪﻧﻭ ،ﲔﻠﻔﺴﺘﻛ ﻢﻴﻟﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻋ ﺐﻴﺴﻧﻭ .
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ﹰﺎﻴﻔﺘﻜﻣ ﺎﻬﻀﻓﺭ ﺔﻴﻛﲑﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﳉﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﺿﺮﻋ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﺴﻨﲜ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟﺍ
ﺐﻴﺻﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻭﺄﻓ ﻞﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺪﺑ
ﻦﻓﺪﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺻ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲﻮﺗﻭ ،ﺏﺮﻟﺍ ﺯﺭﺃ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
٤٧
،ﺝﺍﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﲨ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻧ
ﺮ
