PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM INVESTASI ASING DI
INDONESIA
PASCA HASIL KESEPAKATAN PUTARAN URUGUAY
(URUGUAY ROUND)DENGAN TERBENTUKNYA
TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES
(TRIM’s)
TESIS
Untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Hukum
dalam Program Studi Ilmu Hukum
Pada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara
Oleh
MAHMUL SIREGAR
992105116/ILMU HUKUM
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2001
P E R K E M B A N G A N H U K U M I N V E S T A S I A S I N G D I I N D O N E S I A P A S C A H A S I L K E S E P A K A T A N P U T A R A N U R U G U A Y
(URUGUA YROUND) DENGAN TERBENTUKNYA T R A D E - R E L A T E D I N V E S T M E N T M E A S U R E S
( T R I M' s )
M a h m u l S i r e g a r * S a n w a n i N a s u t i o n * A m i r u d d i n A . W a h a b *
Warsani*
INTISARI
Penanaman modal asing secara langsung merupakan salah sate sumber dana luar negeri yang potensial untuk dikembangkan dalam upaya melaksanakan program-program pembangunan nasional. Munculnya Agreement on lrade-Related Investment
Meu.ures (TRIM's) sebagai salah satu paket dalam Hasil Akhir Kesepakatan Putaran
Uruguay akan b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a p e r k e m b a n g a n h u k u m p e n a n a m a n m o d a l a s i n g d i I n d o n e s i a . Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah meratifikasi Hasil Akhir Kesepak atan Putaran Uruguay dengan Undang-Undang No. 7 tahun 1994. Dengan demikian berarti, Indonesia s e b a g a i n e g a r a p e r a t i f i k a s i b e r k e w a j i b a n m e n t a a t i h a s i l k e s e p a k a t a n t e r s e b u t d a n meny esuaikan peratu ran perund ang-undangan nasionalnya dengan kesepakatan y ang telah diratitikasi. Khususnya di sektor penanaman modal asing, Agreement on 1RIM's harus diperhatikan dalam upaya melakukan penyesuaian peraturan penanaman modal. Oleh karena itu, untuk keperluan penyesuaian ini, perlu diteliti kesesuaian prinsip-prinsip dala m ketentuan p en an aman mo d al asin g d i Indo n esia d eng an p rin sip -p rin sip y an g terkandung dalam Agreement on TRIM's maupun Hasil Akhir Kesepakatan Putaran Uruguay. Di samping itu perlu diteliti pola pendekatan pengaturan penanaman modal asing, yang tepat bagi Indonesia.
Penelitian ini berjudul, “ Perkembangan Hukum Investasi Asing di Indonesia Pasca Hasil Kesepakatan Putaran Uruguay (Uruguay Round) dengan terbentuknya
Trade-Related Investment Measures (TR1M' s). Permasalahan y ang ingin dijawab dalam
penelitian ini adalah asa.s-asas hukum apa Baja yang terdapat dalam ketentuan TRIM's dan bagaimana implementasi asas-asas tersebut dalam perundang-undangan nasional, khususnya di sektor investasi yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan barang-barang, faktor-faktor apa yang perlu diperhatikan dan dikaji secara mendalam apabila Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan harmonisasi hukum di bidang investasi asing dengan ketentuanketentuan dalam Putaran Uruguay terutama dengan ketentuan
Agreement on TRIM's dan p e n d ek a t an a p a y ang t e p a t d ip e rg un ak a n d a l a m
p e ng a tu r an i nv e s t a s i d i Ind on e si a . Permasalahan ini diharapkan dapat dijawab dengan mempergunakan metode penelitian
normatif dengan spesifikasi bentuk penelitian penemuan asas hukum dan penelitian hukum positip. Data utama yang dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui metode studi perpustakaan atau dokumen. Sedangkan data primer dikumpulkan d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n t e h n i k w a w a n c a r a m e n d a l a m , d i p e r g u n a k a n s e b a g a i d a t a p e n u n j a n g . W a w a n c a r a d i l a k u k a n k e p a d a r e s p o n d e n y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i u n s u r B a d a n Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Daerah Propinsi Sumatera Utara, unsur pengusaha asing dan pengusaha nasional, ahli hu ku m, ahli ekonomi, dan praktisi hukum/ konsultan hukum. Data-data yang diperoleh baik dari studi perpustakaan maupun wawancara adalah data kualitatif dan akan dianalisa dengan mengunakan metode interpretatif-kualitatifi n d u k t i f . M e l a l u i t e h n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d a n a n a l i s a d a t a t e r s e h u t d i h a r a p k a n penelitian ini dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, yaitu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian prinsip-prinsip dalam hukum penanaman modal asing di Indonesia dengan prinsip-prinsip d ala m
Agreement on TRIM' s, mengetahui hal-hal penting y ang haru s diperhatikan sehubungan dengan penyesuaian peraturan nasional di sektor penanaman modal asing s e r t a u n tuk me n g et a hu i pe n d ek a t an y a n g t ep a t u n tuk d ite r a pk a n da l a m p e n g a tu r an penanaman modal asing di Indonesia.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pada umumnya prinsip-prinsip dalam berbagai peraturan yang berkaitan dengan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip dalam Agreement on TRIM's. Ditemukan juga b e b e r a p a p e r a t u r a n y a n g b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n A g r e e m e n t o n y a i t u m e n g e n a i persyaratan penggunaan kandungan lokal dalam proses produksi, akan tetapi terhadap peraturan tersehut sudah dilakukan beberapa penyesuaian. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah melakukan upaya penyesuaian dalam peraturanp e r a t u r a n p e n a n a m a n m o d a l a s i n g . D a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i t e m u k a n 3 ( t i g a ) p o l a pendekatan rezim p enanaman mo dal y ang biasa diterapkan oleh negara-negara, yaitu pendekatan pragmatis, pendekatan integratif dan pendekatan deferensiasi. Pendekatan pragmatis mengatur berbagai rezim investasi secara terpisah, misalnva sektor riil, sektor finansial, sektor pertamb angan umu m dan sektor miny ak dan gas bumi. Pendekatan integratif menerapkan kebijakan dengan menyatukan seluruh rezim investasi dalam satu r e z i m t u n g g al . P en d e k a t an i n i tid a k la g i me mb e d a k an a n t ar a p e n an am mo d a l a s i n g dengan pemodal dalam negeri. Semua penanam modal diberi perlakuan dan kesempatan yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil analisa terhadap data-data yang diperoleh dari penelitian i ni d i s i m p u lk an b ah w a p e n d ek a t a n p e n an a m a n m o d a l a s i n g d i I n d o n e s i a s e b a i k n y a dilakukan melalui pendekatan diferensiasi. Melalui pendekatan ini, ciri pragmatis dalam pengaturan berbagai rezim investasi tetap dipertahankan disamping melakukan berbagai up ay a un tuk me ny a tuk a n a t au me n y ed e rha n a k an b er b ag a i p e ra t u r an
Mahmul Siregar : Perkembangan Hukum investasi Asing Di Indonesia Pasca …, 2003
THE PROGRESS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW IN INDONESIA UNDER POST URUGUAY ROUND WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF
TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIM's)
Mahmul Siregar* S a n w a n i N a s u t i o n *
Amiruddin A. Wahab** Warsani*
ABSTRACT
F o r e i g n d i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t i s o n e o f t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r e i g n r e s o u r c e s f o r development, which is relevant to the national development program. The existence of
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIM's) as a part of the Final Act of the
Post Uruguay Round would affect Indonesia in the sense of Foreign Investment Law in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has ratified the Final Act of the Uruguay R ou nd w i t h t h e e n a c t m e n t o f L a w N o 7 i n 1 99 4. T h i s m e a n s t h a t t h e I n d o n e s i a n government as a nation state would have the obligation to obey the Final Act by adopting with its national regulations. With regard to the foreign direct investment, Agreement on
Trim’s shall be taken into notice. Therefore for the purpose of the adjustment, this
research is conducted to verify whether the main principal in the foreign investment law in Indonesia is in accordance with the principal contains in Agreement on 1RIM's or Final Act of the Post Uruguay Round. Concurrently the research would also be focusing on the method of approach, which is suitable for Indonesia.
The research under the theme of "The Progress of Foreign Investment Law in Indonesia Post Under Post Uruguay Round With the Development of Trade-Related Investment Measures (Trims)". The existing problems which shall be answered through this research would he focus on the principal found and applied in TRIM's and how the principals would be implemented in the context of the Indonesian law, especially in the investment in the area of trading goods, factors which must be taken into notice and evaluate when the Indonesian government implemented the enactment. Indonesia also would need to pay its attention to the correct and acceptable approach with its investment regime. The problems expected to be answered and solved through normative research with the focus in finding the law principal and positive law. The main used for this purpose is secondary data collected through library research or official documents. While the primary data as supporting data would be collected through in-depth interview. In-depth interview would be focused towards the respondents, which contains of Foreign Investment Coordination Body of North Sumatra, foreign investors, local entrepreneurs, academician, economist and practicing lawyer and legal consultants. The data obtained
• Faculty of Law, North Sumatra University.
through library research and in-depth interview are qualitative data and would be analyzed with interpretative – qualitative – inductive method. Through analyzing and data collection, the research is expected to achieve its objectives which is to find out and to ensure that the principals of the Foreign Investment Law in Indonesia is in accordance with the principals of law in stipulated in Agreement on TRIM's. The research is important to verify the important steps need to be undertaken when adopting the national regulations with the correct and suitable approach in foreign investment sectors.
Based on the finding and the outcome of the research, it is basically proved that the main principals contains in various regulations relevant to the foreign investment law in Indonesia are not conflicting with the basic principles applied in Agreement on TRIM's. However, there are few regulations, which found to be conflicting to the Agreement on TRIMs, i.e.; preconditions on local components in production process, subsequent to that, revision has been implemented. This action has proved that the government of Indonesia has done its best effort to implement the adjustment and revision within its national regulations. Within this research there are 3 approaches method found relevant to the investment regime commonly applied in various countries, i.e.; pragmatism approach, integrative approach and differentiate approach. Pragmatism approach is to regulate various investment regime separate, for instance reel sector, finance sector, mining sector and oil sector. Integrative approach use and applied policy c o v e r e d t h e e n t i r e i n v e s t m e n t r e g i m e u n d e r s o l e r e g i m e . T h i s a p p r o a c h d i d n o t differentiate between domestic/local investment and foreign investment the whole investors would be provided with similar treatment. Based on the analysis of the data obtained through the research, it can be concluded that Indonesia should applied the deferentiative approach. Through this approach, the pragmatism character in regulating various investment regime in Indonesia could still be controlled concurrently with various efforts to simplify and compiling the existing various foreign investment regulations.
Key words: Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIM's) Uruguay Round
Foreign Investment Investment Regime
