A Model of Sustainable Ruminant Feed Industry in Jepara, Central Java

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195 Proceeding of the 2nd_{International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012}

A Model of Sustainable Ruminant Feed Industry in Jepara,

Central Java

Kholishotul Fauziyah1_{, Heri Ahmad Sukria}2_{& Burhanuddin}3

1_{Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University,}

e-mail:cahyaku_ziyah@yahoo.co.id

2_{Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University,}

e-mai:heriahmad@yahoo.co.uk

3_{Faculty of Economic Management, Bogor Agricultural University,}

Bogor 16680 Indonesia e-mail:burhan_ipb@yahoo.com

Abstract

Feed availability and quality are among the main problem in animal production in Indonesia, whereas agricultural and agroindustrial by products are very potential feedstuffs. On the other hand, there are lack of accurate data and information of local feedstuffs quantity and availability. The aims of this research are to identify local feedstuff availability, to evaluate its carrying capacity, and to develop model of feed industry in Jepara . It is expected that the present research may provide a basic data and information for feed industry development in Indonesia. Survey method was used in this study, primary and secondary data were descriptively analyzed. Location of this research was determined with purposive sampling method and number of respondents with randomized sampling. The results showed that the production of available local feedstuffs were: soybean straw was 98% of total production, cassava leaf was 98%, rice bran was 100%, and fermented soybean (tempe) by product was 100%. The optimal carrying capacity of Jepara based on the real production was 27480.79 AU. Model of sustainable ruminant feed industry was designed based on integrated farming that consist of feedmill, agroindustrial industry, feed raw material industry, organic fertilizer and bioenergy industry. Recomended feedmill capacity in Jepara is 577.20 tons/month to produce concentrate for 9620 beef cattle. Based on this study, Pakis aji, Mlonggo, and Bangsri are recommended for feedmill establishment.

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Introducton

Feed avalblty and qualty are among of the man problem n anmal producton n Indonesa. Whereas agrcultural and agrondustral by products are very potental feedstuffs. On the other hand, there are lack of accurate data and nformaton of local feedstuffs quantty and avalablty. The compettve market very supported feedmll development (Sukra dan Krsnan, 2009). Based on characterstc of anmal farmng,(Sukra dan Krsnan, 2009). Based on characterstc of anmal farmng, rumnant depends on bologcal prosess and natural resources so goverment have to concern wth local potental feedstuff. The ams of ths research was to dentfyThe ams of ths research was to dentfy local feedstuff avalablty, to evaluate ts carryng capacty, and to develop model of feed ndustry n Jepara. It s expected that the present research may provde a basc data and nformaton for feed ndustry development n Indonesa.

Materals and Methods

Survey method was used n ths study, prmary and secondary data were descrptvely analyzed. Locaton of ths research was determned wth purposve samplng method and number of respondents were decded wth randomzed samplng. Potental, effectve, and real producton of agrcultural by product was calculated based on Dry Matter (DM), Crude Proten (CP), Total Dgestble Nutrent (TDN). The potental producton (ton DM) was calculated wth formula: wde of crop area (ha) x DM productvty (ton/ ha) and producton of agrondustral by product was calculated wth formula: total of by product (ton) x DM (%) (Tabrany, 2006). The effectve producton was calculated wth formula: the potental producton x proper use factor. The proper use factor of rce straw was 70%, corn straw was 75%, peanut straw was 60%, soybean straw was 60%, sweet potato leaf was 80%, cassava leaf was 30%, and sugar cane sprout leaf was 80% (Reksohadprojo, 1984). The real producton was calculated wth formula: the effectve producton x feedstuff used factor of Jepara. Carryng capacty was calculated by dvdng producton (ton/year) based on DM, CP, and TDN wth nutrent consumpton for 1 anmal unt (AU) (ton/ year) (Syamsu, 2006) wth assumpton that 1 AU consumes 9,59 kg/day DM, 1,151 kg/day CP, and 5,71 kg/day TDN (NRC, 1988). Analyss of model of sustanable(NRC, 1988). Analyss of model of sustanable rumnant feed ndustry consst of populaton and nutrent consumpton analyss, feedstuff avalblty evaluaton, and feedstuff carryng capacty analyss. carryng capacty analyss.

Results and Dscusson

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was 98%, and sugar cane sprout leaf was 95%. Because of the producton based on CP (%DM) was the lowest producton, so t became a lmtng factor n producton of agrcultural by product n Jepara. Producton of agrcultural by product n Jepara was showed n Table 1.

The result showed that producton of agrcultural by products n Jepara were avalable among January wth March and May wth October. Lack of feedstuff happened at Aprl, November, and December. The real producton was avalable and exploted agrcultural by product. Real producton n Jepara was 37,23% of effectve producton, whle 62,77% of producton was exploted for another ndustres. Producton of agrondustral by product n Jepara (ton CP/year) was 3.440,08 consst of rce bran was 3.401,54, soybean cake (tahu) by product was 14,48 and fermented soybean (tempe) by product was 24,05.

Carryng capacty Jepara was capablty of Jepara to provde rumnant feedstuff n form of agrcultural and agrondustral by product that accomodate for a number of rumnant n Jepara. The result of carryng capacty showed that based on potental producton, Jepara could accommodate 40.156,46 AU, based on effectve producton 36.207,88 AU, and based on real producton 27.480,79 AU. Carryng capacty based on real producton was optmum populaton that could be accomoded by Jepara based on avalable and exploted feedstuff. Based on real producton, Jepara excessed about 8.781,21 AU.

Nalumsar, Batealt, and Mayong Sub-dstrct were potental agrcultural by product center n Jepara. Developng Feedstuff ndustry could support ths potency, t managed agrcultural by product as crude fber (CF) source, whle, alternatve feedmll locaton were Paks Aj, Mlonggo, and Bangsr Sub-dstrct.

Tabel 1. Producton Potental of Agrcultural by Product Based on CP (%DM) Jepara (tons/ year)

Feedstuffs

Producton CP (%DM)

Potental Producton

Effectve Producton

Real Producton

Rce Straw 7,540.44 5,278.31 3,694.81

Corn Straw 1,683.70 1,262.78 1,149.13

Soybean Straw 6.23 3.74 3.66

Peanut Straw 3,377.82 2,026.69 1,925.36

Sweet Potato Leaf 68.43 54.75 49.27

Cassava Leaf 2,374.11 712.23 697.99

Sugar Cane Sprout 731.16 584.93 584.79

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198 Proceeding of the 2nd_{International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012} In general, Jepara has potental for developng beef cattle and buffalo (Tabrany, 2006) so model of feedmll ndustry was recommended to produce concentrates feed for beef cattle. Jepara had 9.620 beef cattles, they were domnated Ongole hybrd wth weght 200 kg, a beef cattle consumed 3% of weght DM and 1% of weght concentrate (Tllman et al, 1991) so concentrate consumpton was needed by beef cattles n Jepara was 19,24 ton/day or 577,2 tons/month.

The sustanable feed ndustry was developng of sustanable feed ndustry; t was an effort to manage resources conservaton trough technology development and based on nsttuton n order to provde avalable feed n Jepara. Developng of sustanable feed ndustry based on effcency and zero waste prncple. Model of sustanable feed ndustry based on ntegrated farmng n Jepara was showed n Fgure 1.

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Jepara

Fgure 1 showed that ntregated farmng conssted of:

1. Feedstuff ndustry that managed and processed agrcultural by product. Jepara had real producton of agrcultural by product 8.105,01 tons/year and carryng capacty 19.292,36 AU so t provded feed for 5.772 AU beef cattles.

2. Agrcultural ndustry that managed and processed agrcultural product from lo-cal farmer, whereas ts man product and by product became feedstuff for feed-mll.

3. Feedmll that produced concentrates 577,2 tons/month for 9.620 beef cattles.. Alternatve feedmll locaton were Kecamatan Paks Aj, Mlonggo, and Bangsr Sub Dstrct.

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Conclusons

The most avalable agrcultural by product n Jepara were soybean straw was 98%, cassava leaf was 98%, rce bran was 100%, and fermented soybean (tempe) by produc was 100%. Carryng capacty of Jepara based on potental producton was 40.156,46 AU, effectve producton was 36.207,88 AU, and real producton was 27.480,79 AU. Model of sustanable feed ndustry based on ntegrated farmng conssted of feedstuff ndustry, agrcultural ndustry, feedmll, organc fertlzer and boenergy ndustry. Feedmll was recommended to produce concentrates for 9.620 beef cattles that need 577, 20 ton/month. Recommended alternatve feedmll loca-ton were Paks Aj, Mlonggo, and Bangsr Sub-dstrct.

Acknowledgement

Ths research was funded by Mnstry of Relgon Affars of the Republc Indonesa. The authors wsh to thank to Dr. Ir. Her Ahmad Sukra, M.Sc. Agr. and Ir. Burhanuddn, MM for ther excellent gudance durng the experment and thank to the Agrculture and Lvestock Servce of Jepara Regency, Foresty and Plantaton Servce of Jepara Regency, and Central Board of Statstcs of Jepara Regency for ther statstcal data support.

References

Natonal Research Councl. 1988. Nutrent Requrements of Dary Cattle. Natonal Academy Press, Washngton D.C, USA.

Reksohadprojo, S. 1984. Feedstuff based on agrcultural and agrondustral by product. BPFE UGM, Yogyakarta.

Sukra. H.A & R. Krsnan. 2009. The Avalablty and Source of Feedstuff n Indo-nesa. IPB Press, Bogor.

Syamsu, J.A. 2006. The analyss of potency of agrcultural by product as feedstuff n South Sulawes. Dssertaton. Anmal Scence Faculty, Bogor Agrcultural Unversty.

Tabrany, H. 2006. The study of feedstuff based on agrcultural and agrondustral by product for rumnant n Central Java. Anmal Scence Faculty, Bogor Agrcul-tural Unversty.