THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
Hasanul Arifin Zul
Registration Number 2113321016
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND ARTS
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ABSTRACT
Zul, Hasanul Arifin, 2113321016. The Effect of Applying Animal Cartoon Pictures on Students’ Achievement in Writing Narrative Text. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. 2016.
This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the test obviously showed that observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdullilahirobbil ‘alamin thanks to praise to almighty Allah S.W.T
who has blessed and given the ability to the researcher to accomplish his thesis
entitled “The Effect of Applying Animal Cartoon Pictures on Students’ Achievement in Writing Narrative Text” as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of sarjana pendidikan (S1) at the English Department of faculty
Language and Arts, State University of Medan.
The researcher realizes that this thesis would not have been accomplished
without generous help, supports, and advices from many people. Many people
have helped and contributed their ideas and time in completing this thesis and it
would be impossible to mention all of them. However, the researcher would like
to express his sincerest gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.hum., the Dean of Language and Arts Faculty,
Vice Dean I, II, III, and all the administrative staff for their sincere
assistance in the process of completing the academic procedures.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and also
his First Thesis Consultant, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English
Department and also his Reviewer, and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd, S.S,
M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., his Second Thesis Consultant. Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., his Reviewer.
Indra Hartoyo, S.Pd, M.Hum., his Reviewer.
All Lecturers who have taught him in this English Department, for giving
great study experiences.
Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd., the academic staff and administrative staff
who has helped the researcher in finishing the administration of
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Dra. Dameria Marpaung, the Headmaster of SMA Swasta Nusantara
Lubuk Pakam who allowed him to conduct the study in her school.
Special thanks to his beloved father, Zulkifli. His beloved mother, Sri Wardani Rasyid. Also to his beloved elder sisters, Icha Khairunnisa
Zul, M.E, Dwi Afriani Zul, S.Pd, Tri Rizki Nazla for their endless
support, motivation, advices, prays, and love.
His beloved nephew and nieces, Sultan Alfarabi Habibullah Daulay,
Arriqoh Baqis Az-zahra Rangkuti, and Sakila Fakhirunnisa Rangkuti. His bestfriend, Irfan Azhari, S.Pd, Andy Syahputra Nasution, S.E,
Ahmad Ary Alkautsar, S.Pd, Arie Kurniawan, Safri Ramadhan
Purba, who always give the writer supports and motivations.
Finally the researcher realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect.
Therefore, the researcher will happily accept constructive criticism in order to
make it better. The researcher hopes this thesis would be beneficial to everyone.
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E. The Significance of the Study ... 4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 5
A. Theoretical Framework ... 5
1. Students’ Achievement ... 5
2. Writing ... 6
3. Genre of Writing ... 8
a. Narrative ... 9
b. Types of Narrative ... 11
c. The example of Narrative text ... 12
d. The Assessment of Writing Narrative ... 14
4. Media ... 15
a. Definition of Media ... 15
b. Media in Language Teaching ... 16
c. Advantages of Applying Media in Language Teaching .. 17
5. Types of Media ... 18
a. Pictures ... 18
6. Animal Cartoon Pictures ... 18
a. Definition ... 18
b. The Characteristics of Animal Cartoon Pictures... 19
c. The Advantages of Applying Animal Cartoon Pictures .. 20
d. The Disadvantages of Applying Animal Cartoon Pict .... 21
e. The Purpose of Applying Animal Cartoon Picture ... 21
f. The Use of Animal Cartoon Picture ... 21
B. Relevant of Study ... 22
C. Conceptual Framework ... 24
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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 26
A. The Research Design ... 27
B. Population and Sample ... 27
C. The Technique for Collecting Data ... 27
D. The Score of the Test ... 30
E. The Procedure of Treatment ... 30
1. Pre-Test ... 30
2. The Experimental Treatment ... 31
3. Post-Test ... 35
F. The Validity and The Reliability of the Test ... 35
1. The Validity of the Test ... 35
2. The Reliability of the Test ... 36
G. The Technique for Analyzing Data ... 36
CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 38
A. The Data ... 38
B. The Data Analysis ... 39
C. Testing Hypothesis ... 40
D. Research Findings ... 40
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 41
A. Conclusion ... 41
B. Suggestion ... 41
REFERENCES ... 42
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LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 3.1. Research Design... 26
Table 3.2. The Scoring Rubric Guidance ... 28
Table 3.3. Scoring Guidance ... 30
Table 3.4. Teaching Procedures of Experimental Research ... 31
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. The Calculation of Experimental Group ... 45
Appendix B. The Calculation of Control Group ... 47
Appendix C. Lesson Plan ... 49
Appendix D. Instrument of the Test ... 102
Appendix E. Answer Sheets of Experimental and Control Group ... 104
Appendix F. Answer Sheets Pre-Test and Post-Test ... 109
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Human beings always need to interact with others to fulfill their needs. To
achieve that, they use a means called language. Language is a system of choices
by which people can communicate certain functions, allowing us to express their
experiences of the world, to interact with others, and to create coherent messages
(Hyland, 2004: 25). Through language we can store and transfer knowledge,
transmit messages from one person to another person and from one generation to
another. In short, almost human activities are conducted through the use of
language. By using languages, human beings can narrate and share their
experience to others and tell some information to others. One of languages is
English.
In learning English there are four skills, they are listening, speaking,
reading, and writing. The students must master the four of language skills so they
can use English actively and also passively. Writing as one of the language skill
seems to be a very difficulty skill to be mastered. However students have learnt
English for years, they still find it difficult to master this skill. Al-khasawneh
states that the students appeared to have many problems when writing in English,
like not knowing how to organize their ideas, because it is a new experience for
them. In learning writing, students are taught how to transform their ideas and
messages into written form. Written products are often the result of the students’
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Nurussaniyah (2010) states that written product is influenced by some
elements such as vocabularies, grammar, organization, spelling and punctuation.
In the second year of junior high school, the basic competency that should be
achieved in the writing English subject is that students have abilities in developing
and producing written simple functional text in the form of recount, descriptive
and narrative. Narrative is a kind of text which is appropriate to tell the activities
or events happened in the past time that shows the problematic experience in order
to amuse or entertain the readers. It is frequently used to give moral lesson to the
readers. The students can use past tenses in writing narrative text.
In fact, based on researcher’s observation which had been done in SMA
Nusantara Lubuk Pakam, not all students are able to write narrative text, students
find some difficulties in building and developing their ideas, choosing the correct
words, using the grammar and organizing the text. For instance: fish swim to sea
bottom look for food every last days, Budi sleep late last night, the birds fly to sky
high yesterday.
From the preliminary data above, the researcher found some incorrect
words and grammar where the right sentence must be, fish swam deeper to the
bottom of the sea in order to find foods last days, Budi slept late last night, the
birds flew high to the sky yesterday. There were still lack of vocabularies and
grammar found but the most common problem was the difficulty to find
something to write about. They didn’t have any idea of what to be written. This
kind of problem was also found by Kitchakarn (2012:111) in Thailand that
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writing. Therefore, acquiring writing skill seems to be more laborious that
acquiring the other skills.
There are many factors that cause the problems, and the common factor
comes from the English teacher. They do not have sufficient and suitable teaching
medias which is applied in teaching writing is traditional teacher-centered, which
makes boring and ineffective teaching and learning process. Besides, English
teachers lack appropriate materials in their classes (Kitchakarn, 2012:111).
To enable the students to master narrative text, teachers of English should
provide materials which are appropriate with the curriculum and find suitable
media in teaching and learning process. One of the most interesting media is by
using picture.
Picture is one of the visual aids that can be used in teaching writing. It
makes something clearer. It also can be used to create situation for writing classes
more clearly. Harmer (1983: 3) explains that pictures are clearly indispensable for
the language teacher since they can be used in so many ways. Picture is a new
approach introduced by the government. Carol (1965: 1) states that visual aids can
be useful for the language teachers.
The topic of this study is not a new topic. There are several studies with
the same media, but different accordance with researcher’s custom and
background. There were many researcher who applied media picture in their
study, two of them was: Arroyani conducted a research entitled the effectiveness
of teaching using comic strips to facilitate students and Dwi Ariningisih (2010)
conducted a research entitled the effectiveness of using picture series to improve
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pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text that the picture can
help students to memorize easily based on the visualization contain in the picture
and have a complete story from beginning until the end so the students just need
to translate the story into English.
So, by using pictures, teacher can give an exciting writing class to the
students. From this, the students will like writing narrative text, be interested in
writing, and they can write narrative text easily.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study can be
formulated as follows: “is there any significant effect of applying animal cartoon
pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text?”
C. The Objective of the Study
This study was intended to find out the effect of applying animal cartoon
pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text.
D. The Scope of the Study
There are four modes of writing; they are descriptive writing, narrating
writing, and exposition writing and argumentative. The scope of the study was
focused in writing narrative paragraph especially on fiction fable by applying
5 E. The Significance of the Study
The study is useful for:
1) Theoretically, to help teacher/researcher find out the way of teaching
writing, especially narrative text.
2) Practically, it can be used animal cartoon pictures as a media in teaching to
increase students’ ability in writing narrative text.
44 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
The main objective of this study was to determine whether there is any
difference in improvement of students’ ability in narrative text between the group
using animal cartoon pictures and without using animal cartoon pictures.
Based on the result of this study, the researcher found that the students’
achievement taught by using animal cartoon pictures is higher than the students’
achievement taught without animal cartoon pictures. It is indicated from analyzing
the data statistically that the result of calculation of t-test that t-observed value
5.21 is higher than t-table value 1.67 at the level of significant of 0.05, which
implies that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
B. Suggestions
The study showed that the applying animal cartoon pictures could improve
the students’ achievement in writing narrative text. Based on the conclusion given
the researcher suggests that:
1) English teachers are recommended to use animal cartoon pictures as media
in teaching writing narrative text because it can stimulate students’
imagination and attract students’ interest and make the students feel new
atmosphere in teaching and learning process. So, it motivates students and
it can affect the students’ writing achievement.
2) Those who are interested in carrying out further research related to this
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